acetaldehyde has been researched along with Flushing in 42 studies
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.
acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.
aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.
acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.
Flushing: A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "A cutaneous test has been applied in examination of the flushing response to ethanol and acetaldehyde in 402 Chinese of Han ethnicity." | 7.68 | Cutaneous vasomotor sensitivity to ethanol and acetaldehyde: subtypes of alcohol-flushing response among Chinese. ( Dyck, LE; Fang, CY; Yu, PH, 1990) |
| " We hypothesized that the phenomenon represents acetaldehyde syndrome, not response to increased blood levels of ethanol as might be supposed." | 7.67 | Acetaldehyde syndrome after celiac plexus alcohol block. ( Fukunaga, T; Mizoi, Y; Mori, K; Noda, J; Umeda, S, 1986) |
| " Blood acetaldehyde and blood ethanol analyses were performed together with recordings of blood pressure, pulse rate, and flushing intensity during the hour after ethanol infusion." | 5.06 | Diphenhydramine and the calcium carbimide-ethanol reaction: a placebo-controlled clinical study. ( Johnsen, J; Mørland, J; Ripel, A; Stowell, A, 1986) |
| "The association between alcohol consumption and bladder cancer risk has been insufficiently investigated in East Asian populations, who frequently have the inactive enzyme for metabolizing acetaldehyde." | 3.85 | Alcohol consumption and bladder cancer risk with or without the flushing response: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. ( Eto, M; Goto, A; Inoue, M; Iwasaki, M; Masaoka, H; Matsuo, K; Sawada, N; Shimazu, T; Tsugane, S; Yamaji, T, 2017) |
| "We investigated the effect of direct administration of acetaldehyde on behavioral measures of anxiety and on hormonal markers of stress in mice." | 3.78 | Anxiogenic and stress-inducing effects of peripherally administered acetaldehyde in mice: similarities with the disulfiram-ethanol reaction. ( Aragon, CM; Correa, M; Escrig, MA; Pardo, M, 2012) |
| "Peripheral accumulation of acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, produces autonomic responses in humans called "flushing"." | 3.78 | Anxiogenic and stress-inducing effects of peripherally administered acetaldehyde in mice: similarities with the disulfiram-ethanol reaction. ( Aragon, CM; Correa, M; Escrig, MA; Pardo, M, 2012) |
| "The correlation among degrees of alcohol intoxication, facial flushing, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and blood acetaldehyde level was studied in 117 male alcoholic patients who underwent various tests to assess alcohol influence." | 3.68 | Degrees of alcohol intoxication in 117 hospitalized cases. ( Adachi, J; Fukunaga, T; Imamichi, H; Mizoi, Y; Ogawa, Y; Ueno, Y, 1991) |
| "A cutaneous test has been applied in examination of the flushing response to ethanol and acetaldehyde in 402 Chinese of Han ethnicity." | 3.68 | Cutaneous vasomotor sensitivity to ethanol and acetaldehyde: subtypes of alcohol-flushing response among Chinese. ( Dyck, LE; Fang, CY; Yu, PH, 1990) |
| "An ethnic predisposition to ethanol-provoked flushing among diverse Mongoloid populations may be the consequence of a delayed oxidation and accumulation of acetaldehyde." | 3.67 | Cutaneous vascular sensitivity to lower aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes in Orientals. ( Fortner, G; Wilkin, JK, 1985) |
| " We hypothesized that the phenomenon represents acetaldehyde syndrome, not response to increased blood levels of ethanol as might be supposed." | 3.67 | Acetaldehyde syndrome after celiac plexus alcohol block. ( Fukunaga, T; Mizoi, Y; Mori, K; Noda, J; Umeda, S, 1986) |
| "Alcohol-sensitive Japanese subjects with facial flushing and an increase in heart rate during ethanol intoxication exhibited marked individual variation in accumulation of acetaldehyde." | 3.67 | Suppression of acetaldehyde accumulation by 4-methylpyrazole in alcohol-hypersensitive Japanese. ( Inoue, K; Kera, Y; Kiriyama, T; Komura, S, 1985) |
| "Fomepizole 15 mg/kg was given with improvement within 1." | 1.38 | Fomepizole for severe disulfiram-ethanol reactions. ( Monte, AA; Sande, M; Thompson, D, 2012) |
| "Acetaldehyde was ten times more potent than ethanol at inducing corticosterone release." | 1.38 | Anxiogenic and stress-inducing effects of peripherally administered acetaldehyde in mice: similarities with the disulfiram-ethanol reaction. ( Aragon, CM; Correa, M; Escrig, MA; Pardo, M, 2012) |
| "Facial flushing was recognized in 75% of the subjects." | 1.28 | Degrees of alcohol intoxication in 117 hospitalized cases. ( Adachi, J; Fukunaga, T; Imamichi, H; Mizoi, Y; Ogawa, Y; Ueno, Y, 1991) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 16 (38.10) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 12 (28.57) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 5 (11.90) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 8 (19.05) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (2.38) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Matsuura, K | 1 |
| Kushio, S | 1 |
| Imai, H | 1 |
| Kudo, H | 1 |
| Wakuda, H | 1 |
| Otani, N | 1 |
| Kuranari, M | 1 |
| Sekiguchi, A | 1 |
| Ohyama, T | 1 |
| Uemura, N | 1 |
| Masaoka, H | 1 |
| Matsuo, K | 1 |
| Sawada, N | 1 |
| Yamaji, T | 1 |
| Goto, A | 1 |
| Shimazu, T | 1 |
| Iwasaki, M | 1 |
| Inoue, M | 1 |
| Eto, M | 1 |
| Tsugane, S | 1 |
| Himemiya-Hakucho, A | 1 |
| Tanaka, T | 1 |
| Liu, J | 1 |
| Fujimiya, T | 1 |
| Brooks, PJ | 1 |
| Enoch, MA | 1 |
| Goldman, D | 1 |
| Li, TK | 1 |
| Yokoyama, A | 2 |
| Luo, HR | 1 |
| Wu, GS | 1 |
| Pakstis, AJ | 1 |
| Tong, L | 1 |
| Oota, H | 1 |
| Kidd, KK | 1 |
| Zhang, YP | 1 |
| Omori, T | 1 |
| Yokoyama, T | 1 |
| Sande, M | 1 |
| Thompson, D | 1 |
| Monte, AA | 1 |
| Haberl, B | 1 |
| Pfab, R | 1 |
| Berndt, S | 1 |
| Greifenhagen, C | 1 |
| Zilker, T | 1 |
| Sanaei-Zadeh, H | 1 |
| Escrig, MA | 1 |
| Pardo, M | 1 |
| Aragon, CM | 1 |
| Correa, M | 1 |
| Bae, KY | 1 |
| Kim, SW | 1 |
| Shin, HY | 1 |
| Kim, JM | 1 |
| Shin, IS | 1 |
| Kim, SJ | 1 |
| Kim, JK | 1 |
| Yoon, JS | 1 |
| Kim, JS | 1 |
| Kim, YJ | 1 |
| Kim, TY | 1 |
| Song, JY | 1 |
| Cho, YH | 1 |
| Park, YC | 1 |
| Chung, HW | 1 |
| Nitzan, Z | 1 |
| Dan, M | 1 |
| Karamanakos, PN | 1 |
| Pappas, P | 1 |
| Marselos, M | 1 |
| Johnston, C | 1 |
| Wiles, PG | 2 |
| Pyke, DA | 2 |
| Groop, L | 1 |
| Eriksson, CJ | 2 |
| Huupponen, R | 1 |
| Ylikahri, R | 1 |
| Pelkonen, R | 1 |
| Chao, HM | 1 |
| Ward, RJ | 1 |
| McPherson, AJ | 1 |
| Chow, C | 1 |
| Ealing, J | 1 |
| Sherman, DI | 1 |
| Yoshida, A | 1 |
| Peters, TJ | 1 |
| Guivernau, M | 1 |
| Quintanilla, ME | 1 |
| Tampier, L | 1 |
| Lao, B | 1 |
| Czyzyk, A | 1 |
| Szutowski, M | 1 |
| Szczepanik, Z | 1 |
| Tsukamoto, S | 2 |
| Kanegae, T | 1 |
| Uchigasaki, S | 1 |
| Kitazawa, M | 1 |
| Fujioka, T | 1 |
| Fujioka, S | 1 |
| Imamura, Y | 1 |
| Nagoya, T | 2 |
| Shimamura, M | 2 |
| Mieda, Y | 1 |
| Whitfield, JB | 1 |
| Martin, NG | 1 |
| Ijiri, I | 2 |
| Adachi, J | 2 |
| Mizoi, Y | 4 |
| Fukunaga, T | 4 |
| Ogawa, Y | 1 |
| Ueno, Y | 2 |
| Imamichi, H | 1 |
| Niemelä, O | 1 |
| Israel, Y | 1 |
| Yu, PH | 1 |
| Fang, CY | 1 |
| Dyck, LE | 1 |
| Gallant, DM | 1 |
| Hatake, K | 1 |
| Taniguchi, T | 1 |
| Ouchi, H | 1 |
| Sakaki, N | 1 |
| Hishida, S | 1 |
| Fujiwara, S | 1 |
| Nishimura, A | 1 |
| Muto, T | 1 |
| Saito, M | 1 |
| Tainaka, H | 1 |
| Wilkin, JK | 1 |
| Fortner, G | 1 |
| Chan, AW | 1 |
| Ho, SB | 1 |
| DeMaster, EG | 1 |
| Shafer, RB | 1 |
| Levine, AS | 1 |
| Morley, JE | 1 |
| Go, VL | 1 |
| Allen, JI | 1 |
| Jones, AW | 1 |
| Neiman, J | 1 |
| Hillbom, M | 1 |
| Stowell, A | 1 |
| Johnsen, J | 1 |
| Ripel, A | 1 |
| Mørland, J | 1 |
| Noda, J | 1 |
| Umeda, S | 1 |
| Mori, K | 1 |
| Jerntorp, P | 2 |
| Ohlin, H | 2 |
| Sundkvist, G | 1 |
| Almér, LO | 2 |
| Sabán, J | 1 |
| Ordóñez, A | 1 |
| Navascués, I | 1 |
| Suárez Terry, R | 1 |
| Serrano Ríos, M | 1 |
| Suwaki, H | 1 |
| Inoue, K | 1 |
| Kera, Y | 1 |
| Kiriyama, T | 1 |
| Komura, S | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of Asian Flushing Syndrome With Topical Alpha Agonists[NCT03497442] | Early Phase 1 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-07-12 | Completed | ||
| A Phase IIa, Prospective, Randomized, Blinded, Intra-Subject Controlled, Single Dose, Dose Escalation Study of Antizol® for Mitigation of Acetaldehyde Related Toxicity in Human Subjects With Symptoms of Inborn Altered Ethanol Metabolism With Concomitant E[NCT00661141] | Phase 2 | 32 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 2386 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 1358 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 5605 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 4680 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 8623 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | L/hr (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 6.70 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 8.23 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 3.15 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 2.99 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 2.35 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | Liters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 26.3 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 24.7 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 24.4 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 24.9 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 24.7 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | ng*hr/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 13804 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 7409 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 44942 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 34310 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 109298 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | ng*hr/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 11035 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 7627 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 55452 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 57028 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 136871 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | (ng*hr/mL)/mg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 149 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 122 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 317 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 334 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 460 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | (ng*hr/mL)/mg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 223 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 103 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 231 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 204 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 378 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | (ng/mL)/mg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 38.3 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 18.9 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 27.6 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 28.0 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 30.2 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | hours (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 2.72 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 3.11 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 5.37 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 5.76 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 9.26 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 16.8 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 13.0 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 3.31 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 4.37 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 13.2 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 1.00 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 2.50 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.667 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 1.48 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 1.00 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | µM*hr (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 234 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 154 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 297 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 302 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 188 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 205 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 227 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | µM*hr (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 178 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 118 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 155 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 167 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 128 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 163 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 139 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 19.0 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 18.8 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 13.1 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 9.78 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 24.7 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 13.7 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 14.5 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | µM (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 59.6 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 37.6 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 50.9 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 55.9 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 40.0 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 60.3 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 42.7 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | µM*hr/mg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00682 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.00432 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00929 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.0105 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00626 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 0.00616 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 0.00752 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | µM*hr/mg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00547 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.00329 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00470 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.00597 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00439 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 0.00521 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 0.00455 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | µM/mg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00181 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.00104 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00157 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.00201 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00138 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 0.00193 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 0.00141 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | hours (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 3.14 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 3.08 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 2.48 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 1.72 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 3.45 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 2.39 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 2.09 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.500 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.650 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 1.00 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 1.33 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.500 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 0.500 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 0.925 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | mg*hr/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 245 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 263 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 237 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 215 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 271 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 214 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 198 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | mg*hr/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 209 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 209 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 205 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 135 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 231 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 157 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 152 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 14.7 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 20.5 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 13.2 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 20.0 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 12.1 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 13.4 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 13.9 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | dL/hr (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 140 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 138 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 142 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 131 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 112 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 159 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 167 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 62.7 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 70.3 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 80.5 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 43.3 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 74.9 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 59.3 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 55.1 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | (mg*hr/dL)/mg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00760 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.00731 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00705 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.00768 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00917 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 0.00681 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 0.00617 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | (mg*hr/dL)/mg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00648 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.00585 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00613 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.00483 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00791 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 0.00508 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 0.00476 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | (mg/dL)/mg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00195 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.00198 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00243 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.00155 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.00261 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 0.00193 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 0.00175 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | hours (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 1.51 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 1.95 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 1.43 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 1.78 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 1.67 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 1.45 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 1.32 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 1.50 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 0.833 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.500 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 1.42 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 0.500 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 0.500 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 1.01 |
(NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Days 1 and 2: prior to administration of 1st treatment (ethanol or study drug); 10, 20, and 30 min prior to administration of second treatment (study drug or ethanol); 40, 50, 60 min and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hr post administration of 1st treatment
| Intervention | dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 297 |
| Ethanol Followed by 1.0 mg/kg Antizol | 387 |
| 3.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 295 |
| Ethanol Followed by 3.0 mg/kg Antizol | 330 |
| 5.0 mg/kg Antizol Followed by Ethanol | 242 |
| Placebo Followed by Ethanol | 287 |
| Ethanol Followed by Placebo | 321 |
AEs were collected to evaluate the safety and tolerability of oral Antizol with concomitant ethanol administration in particitpants with symptoms of acetaldehyde toxicity associated with altered ethanol metabolism. AE: any untoward medical event that occurs following the first administration of study medication until the study participant's last study visit, whether or not the event is considered drug related. SAE: an event that meets any of the following criteria: results in death; is life threatening; requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of an existing hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; is a congenital anomaly/birth defect in the offspring of an exposed subject; is medically significant or an important medical event as assessed by investigator or sponsor; is, in the opinion of the investigator, an important medical event. (NCT00661141)
Timeframe: Study Day 0 through Study Visit Day 7
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any AE | Mild AE | Moderate AE | Severe AE | Life-Threatening/Disabling AE | Death | Possibly or Probably Related AE | AE Leading to Study Discontinuation | Serious AE | |
| Antizol 1.0 mg/kg | 13 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| Antizol 3.0 mg/kg | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Antizol 5.0 mg/kg | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall | 28 | 28 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 |
| Pooled Placebo | 21 | 19 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
9 reviews available for acetaldehyde and Flushing
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
The alcohol flushing response: an unrecognized risk factor for esophageal cancer from alcohol consumption.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, M | 2009 |
Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms and a new strategy for prevention and screening for cancer in the upper aerodigestive tract in East Asians.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Al | 2010 |
Chlorpropamide--alcohol flush: the case in favour.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Drinking; Biomechanical Phenomena; Chlorpropamide; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug | 1984 |
The chlorpropamide alcohol flush.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Drinking; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationshi | 1984 |
Alcohol and the mystique of flushing.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Alleles; Cross-Cultural Comparis | 1995 |
[Biological actions of acetaldehyde].
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Animals; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Dogs; Ethanol; Flushing; Humans; Intestinal A | 1999 |
Racial differences in alcohol sensitivity.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Alcoholism; Aldehyde | 1986 |
[Flush induced by chlorpropamide-alcohol (CAF): a genetic marker of diabetes mellitus or an undesirable effect of the drug?].
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Drinking; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 1985 |
Alcohol and alcohol problems research 2. Japan.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum D | 1985 |
6 trials available for acetaldehyde and Flushing
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Association between psychomotor function and ALDH2 genotype after consuming barley shochu: A randomized crossover trial.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Drinking; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; Cross | 2023 |
The acute effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on physiological responses after ethanol ingestion in young healthy men with different ALDH2 genotypes.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; Blood Pressure; | 2012 |
Roles of chlorpropamide, alcohol and acetaldehyde in determining the chlorpropamide-alcohol flush.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Rela | 1984 |
Alcohol tolerance in patients with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes treated with sulphonylurea derivatives.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Aged; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; Body Temperature Regulation; Diabetes | 1994 |
Elimination kinetics of ethanol and acetaldehyde in healthy men during the calcium carbimide-alcohol flush reaction.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Cyanamide; Cyanides; Ethanol; Flushing; Humans; Male | 1987 |
Diphenhydramine and the calcium carbimide-ethanol reaction: a placebo-controlled clinical study.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyanamide; Cyan | 1986 |
27 other studies available for acetaldehyde and Flushing
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Alcohol consumption and bladder cancer risk with or without the flushing response: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Female; Flushing; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Pro | 2017 |
Effect of Alcohol Sensitivity in Healthy Young Adults on Breath Pharmacokinetics of Acetaldehyde After Mouth Washing with Alcohol.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; Area Under Curve; Brea | 2018 |
Origin and dispersal of atypical aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH2487Lys.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Drinking; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; Allel | 2009 |
Fomepizole for severe disulfiram-ethanol reactions.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Antidotes; Disulfiram; Drug Interactions; Ethanol; Female; Flus | 2012 |
Case series: Alcohol intolerance with Coprine-like syndrome after consumption of the mushroom Lepiota aspera (Pers.:Fr.) Quél., 1886 (Freckled Dapperling).
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Coprinus; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspnea; Erythema; Ethano | 2011 |
Treatment of Asian flush with abacavir.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; | 2011 |
Anxiogenic and stress-inducing effects of peripherally administered acetaldehyde in mice: similarities with the disulfiram-ethanol reaction.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcohol Drinking; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Animals; Anxiety; Behavi | 2012 |
Association of ALDH2 polymorphism with sensitivity to acetaldehyde-induced micronuclei and facial flushing after alcohol intake.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial | 2005 |
Disulfiram-like effect of cyproterone acetate.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Cyproterone Acetate; Disulfiram; Ethanol; Ethin | 2009 |
Comment on "Disulfiram-like effect of cyproterone acetate" [Z. Nitzan, M. Dan, Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol.].
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Animals; Cyproterone Acetate; Disulfiram; Ethanol; Flushing; H | 2009 |
Identification and characterisation of alcohol-induced flushing in Caucasian subjects.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Female; Flushing; Human | 1994 |
Investigations on the ethanol-induced flushing reaction: effects of propranolol and dipyridamole on acetaldehyde and prostacyclin metabolism.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Animals; Dipyridamole; Epoprostenol; Ethanol; Flushing; Male; | 1994 |
Changes in free and bound alcohol metabolites in the urine during ethanol oxidation.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Acetates; Acetone; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Ethanol; Flushing; Humans; Male; Methanol; | 1993 |
Aversive reactions and alcohol use in Europeans.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Diseases i | 1993 |
Degrees of alcohol intoxication in 117 hospitalized cases.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Aged; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcoholism; Ethanol; Flushing; Hospitalization; H | 1991 |
Hemoglobin-acetaldehyde adducts in human volunteers following acute ethanol ingestion.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Alcoholic Intoxication; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Flushing; He | 1990 |
Cutaneous vasomotor sensitivity to ethanol and acetaldehyde: subtypes of alcohol-flushing response among Chinese.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; China; Ethanol; Fem | 1990 |
Aldehyde dehydrogenases and alcoholism.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcoholism; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Flushing; Humans | 1990 |
Possible involvement of kinins in cardiovascular changes after alcohol intake.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Blood Pressure; Ethanol; | 1990 |
The flushing syndrome after ethanol intake caused by aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in Orientals.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Catecholamines; Flushing; Humans; Jap | 1989 |
Determinations of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in blood and urine during alcohol oxidation in man.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Acetates; Acetic Acid; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Etha | 1989 |
Cutaneous vascular sensitivity to lower aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes in Orientals.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Acetaldehyde; Alcohols; Aldehydes; Asian People; Ethanol; Female; Flushing; Forearm; Hum | 1985 |
Opiate antagonist nalmefene inhibits ethanol-induced flushing in Asians: a preliminary study.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Asian; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature Regulation; Endorphin | 1988 |
Acetaldehyde syndrome after celiac plexus alcohol block.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Celiac Plexus; Ethanol; Flushing; Humans; Nerve Block; Phenoty | 1986 |
Effects of chlorpropamide and alcohol on aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and blood acetaldehyde concentration.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Aged; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabet | 1986 |
Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and large vessel disease in diabetes mellitus. A preliminary study.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Aged; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angi | 1986 |
Suppression of acetaldehyde accumulation by 4-methylpyrazole in alcohol-hypersensitive Japanese.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Alcoholic Intoxication; Flushing; Fomepizole; Heart; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; | 1985 |