8-hydroxy-2--deoxyguanosine and Periodontitis

The aim of this study done in patients with periodontitis was (a) to determine superoxide anion production in whole blood by measuring cytochrome c reduction; (b) to assess the effects of oxidative burst in periodontal disease by analyzing lipid peroxidation and degradation of DNA bases in the peripheral and gingival blood; (c) to search for associations between superoxide anion production, lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine concentration and clinical parameters. Total antioxidant status in peripheral and gingival serum was also studied and correlated with periodontal clinical status. The effects of some risk factors of periodontitis on oxidative stress were analyzed. The study group included 56 patients with untreated periodontitis. The control group consisted of 25 healthy volunteers without any pathological changes in the periodontium. The most important findings of the study are: (a) negative correlation between cytochrome c reduction and periodontal disease index in the study group (p=0.026); (b) positive correlation between anti-ox-LDL autoantibody titres in gingival blood and 8-OHdG levels in venous blood (p<0.001); (c) negative correlation between 8-OHdG concentration in venous blood and total antioxidant status (TAS) in gingival blood serum in patients and positive correlation in controls; (d) significantly higher levels of 8-OHdG in gingival blood in each subgroup of patients as compared with controls; (e) significantly lower TAS in venous blood serum in each subgroup as compared with controls; (f) negative correlation between 8-OHdG concentration in gingival blood and TAS in venous blood serum (p=0.028). Oxidative stress in periodontitis expressed by elevated concentrations of ROS and accompanied by suppressed antioxidant activity in gingival blood may accelerate lesion formation in periodontal tissues.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Antioxidants; Cytochromes c; Deoxyguanosine; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Reactive Oxygen Species

This study evaluated the effects of local vitamin C treatment on tissue advanced glycation end products (AGE), interleukin (IL)-6, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 in tissues; serum C-terminal telopeptide fragments (CTX); and alveolar bone loss (ABL) in rats.. 35 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided equally into five groups: 1) control (C), 2) experimental periodontitis (P), 3) experimental diabetes (D), 4) experimental diabetes and experimental periodontitis (D + P), and 5) experimental diabetes-experimental periodontitis-locally applied vitamin C (D + P + LvitC). Diabetes was induced in rats with alloxan monohydrate, after which periodontitis was induced by ligature placement in the right mandibular first molar teeth for 11 days. In the treatment group, vitamin C was administered locally three times with two-days interval after ligature removal. The animals were sacrificed, and the samples were analyzed histometrically and immunohistochemically.. CTX, 8-OHdG, and AGE values significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the D + P group. IL-6 and MMP-8 values decreased in the treatment group compared to the D + P group, but this is not significant. ABL was significantly reduced by the local delivery of vitamin C.. This study reveals that vitamin C treatment may be beneficial to reduce serum CTX and gingival MMP-8 levels, oxidative stress, inflammation, and AGE accumulation in periodontal tissue. Vitamin C may be an immunomodulator and antioxidant locally applied in the treatment of periodontitis to reduce the adverse effects of diabetes in periodontal tissues.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Collagen Type I; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Interleukin-6; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Oxidative Stress; Peptides; Periodontitis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Reactive oxygen species contribute to periodontal tissue homeostasis under control of anti-oxidative responses. Disruption in this balance induces severe inflammation and extended tissue degradation.. Aim of this study was to identify the expression levels of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2), Parkinsonism associated deglycase (PARK7/DJ-1), kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (KEAP1), and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in peri-implant mucosal tissues affected by peri-implantitis, and to compare the levels to those of periodontally diseased and healthy tissue samples.. Tissue biopsies were collected from systemically healthy, non-smoking 12 peri-implantitis patients, 13 periodontitis patients, and 13 periodontally healthy controls. Expression levels of NFE2L2/NRF2, PARK7/DJ-1, KEAP1, and 8-OHdG in tissue samples were analyzed immunohistochemically. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test.. Inflammatory cell infiltration in the connective tissue and loss of architecture in the spinous layer of the epithelium were prominent in peri-implantitis. Proportions of 8-OHdG and PARK7/DJ-1 expressing cells were elevated in both peri-implantitis (P = .025 for 8-OHdG and P = .014 for PARK7/DJ-1) and periodontitis (P = .038 for 8-OHdG and P = .012 for PARK7/DJ-1) groups in comparison with controls. Staining intensities of 8-OHdG and PARK7/DJ-1 were higher in the periodontitis and peri-implantitis groups than in the control (P < .01) groups. There was no difference in the expression levels of NFE2L2/NRF2 between the groups. KEAP1 was not observed in any tissue sample.. Peri-implantitis is characterized by severe inflammation and architectural changes in the epithelium and connective tissue. The expressions of 8-OHdG and PARK7/DJ-1 are elevated in both peri-implantitis and periodontitis.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biopsy; Deoxyguanosine; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Male; Middle Aged; Mucous Membrane; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Protein Deglycase DJ-1; Reactive Oxygen Species; Turkey

The role of oxidative stress in the process of cardiac remodeling, hypertrophy and heart failure is a current topic. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the influences of periodontitis on levels of cardiac oxidative stress.. Twenty rats were separated into two groups: control and experimental periodontitis (EP). Periodontitis was induced by placing a 3.0 silk suture in the cervix of the left and right mandibular first molar teeth for 5 wk. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed and blood samples and mandibular and ventricular cardiac tissue samples were collected. Levels of alveolar bone loss were determined using measurements performed on histological slices and radiographies. Left ventricular tissue 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, malonylaldehyde, glutathione peroxidase, total oxidant status, total antioxidant status (TAS) levels and serum paraoxonase-1 activity were evaluated biochemically.. Measurements performed on the histological slices and radiographies demonstrated that applying the ligature caused obvious alveolar bone loss. Oxidative damage markers (malonylaldehyde, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, oxidative stress index: total oxidant status/TAS) were significantly higher, and antioxidant markers (glutathione peroxidase, TAS) were statistically insignificantly higher, in the hearts of rats with EP when compared to the controls. In addition, reduced serum paraoxonase-1 activity was also detected in the EP group.. The pronounced increase in cardiac oxidative stress caused by periodontitis was due to an excessive increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, rather than due to decreased antioxidant capacity. The results indicate that periodontitis-related cardiac oxidative stress might be one of the mechanisms that contribute to the pathological process that leads to heart failure.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Deoxyguanosine; Glutathione Peroxidase; Heart Ventricles; Male; Malondialdehyde; Myocardium; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

This study aimed to evaluate the association between salivary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and periodontitis among community-dwelling Korean adults.. A total of 211 adults (80 men and 131 women) were cross-sectionally surveyed from the Sunchang Longevity Cohort. Periodontitis was defined as having at least 30% of teeth with proximal attachment loss ≥5 mm. The salivary 8-OHdG level was categorized into tertiles: low (<0.916 ng/ml), medium (0.916 to <2.675 ng/ml) and high (≥2.675 ng/ml). Sociodemographic, habitual and systemic health-related factors were controlled for. Logistic regression analysis was performed for the outcome of severe periodontitis. Analysis of covariance in general linear model was performed for the outcome of 8-OHdG.. The high 8-OHdG level showed a significant association with periodontitis. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 2.40 (1.05-5.51), and it was highlighted by adding the interaction term with drinking and smoking. The adjusted mean log-transformed value of 8-OHdG was significantly higher in the severe periodontitis group (1.40 ng/ml) than in the control group (1.02 ng/ml) (ancova, P = 0.028).. 8-OHdG was associated with periodontitis. Thus, salivary 8-OHdG could be a useful marker for periodontitis.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Deoxyguanosine; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Republic of Korea; Rural Population; Salvia

To determine the association between oxidative stress parameters with periodontal disease, bleeding, and the presence of different periodontal bacteria.. A cross-sectional study in a sample of eighty-six patients, divided into three groups depending on their periodontal status. Thirty-three with chronic periodontitis, sixteen with gingivitis, and thirty-seven with periodontal healthy as control. Oxidative stress biomarkers (8-OHdG and MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and the activity of two antioxidant enzymes (GPx and SOD) were determined in saliva. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from the deepest periodontal pocket and PCR was used to determine the presence of the 6 fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola.. Periodontal disease was found to be associated with increased oxidative stress parameter levels. These levels rose according to the number and type of different periodontal bacteria found in the periodontal pockets. The presence of different types of periodontal bacteria is predictive independent variables in linear regresion models of oxidative stress parameters as dependent variable, above all 8-OHdG.. Oxidative stress parameter levels are correlated with the presence of different types of bacteria. Determination of these levels and periodontal bacteria could be a potent tool for controlling periodontal disease development.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Deoxyguanosine; Female; Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; Male; Malondialdehyde; Microbiota; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Saliva; Superoxide Dismutase

Oxidative stress is a key factor regulating the systemic pathophysiological effects associated with periodontitis. Resveratrol is a phytochemical with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. We hypothesized that resveratrol may prevent the progression of periodontitis and reduce systemic oxidative stress through the activation of the sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant defense pathways. Three groups of male Wistar rats (periodontitis treated with melinjo resveratrol, periodontitis without resveratrol, and control rats with no periodontitis or resveratrol treatment) were examined. A ligature was placed around the maxillary molars for 3 weeks to induce periodontitis, and the rats were then given drinking water with or without melinjo resveratrol. In rats with periodontitis, ligature placement induced alveolar bone resorption, quantified using three-dimensional images taken by micro-CT, and increased proinflammatory cytokine levels in gingival tissue. Melinjo resveratrol intake relieved alveolar bone resorption and activated the Sirt1/AMPK and the Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathways in inflamed gingival tissues. Further, melinjo resveratrol improved the systemic levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, dityrosine, nitric oxide metabolism, nitrotyrosine, and proinflammatory cytokines. We conclude that oral administration of melinjo resveratrol may prevent the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis and improve systemic oxidative and nitrosative stress.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Bone Resorption; Cytokines; Deoxyguanosine; Disease Models, Animal; Gingiva; Inflammation; Male; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Resveratrol; Sirtuin 1; Stilbenes; Tyrosine

Topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases to the gingival sulcus induced not only periodontal inflammation but also detectable liver changes in rats fed a normal diet. However, these changes in the liver were not sufficient to induce pathological consequences. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether gingival inflammation-induced liver change would have more dramatic pathological consequences in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the effect of the high-cholesterol diet alone.. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. During an 8 week experimental period, two groups were fed a normal diet and the other two were fed a high-cholesterol diet containing 1% cholesterol (w/w) and 0.5% cholic acid (w/w). Four weeks prior to the end of the experimental period, one of each of the dietary groups received daily topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases to the gingival sulcus, while the other was treated with pyrogen-free water.. In the rats without application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases, the serum level of hexanoyl-lysine, scores of steatosis and inflammation, and concentration of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet were higher than in those fed a normal diet. In rats fed a high-cholesterol diet, the scores of steatosis and inflammation and the concentration of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the liver of rats with application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases were higher than in those without.. In a rat model, application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases to the gingival sulcus augmented the effect of a high-cholesterol diet on steatosis, inflammation and oxidative damage in the liver.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Administration, Topical; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bacterial Proteins; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, Dietary; Cholic Acid; Deoxyguanosine; Escherichia coli; Fatty Liver; Gingiva; Hepatitis; Lipid Peroxides; Lipopolysaccharides; Liver; Liver Diseases; Lysine; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Peptide Hydrolases; Periodontitis; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Streptomyces griseus

Epidemiologic studies suggest a relationship between periodontitis and salivary gland dysfunction. A rat periodontitis model was used to investigate whether a causal relationship exists between periodontitis and pathological changes of submandibular glands.. Fourteen male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided into two groups (n=7/group): a control group and periodontitis group. Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement around the mandibular first molars. Serum levels for reactive oxygen metabolites, anti-oxidant and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were measured at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, the levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were determined to evaluate oxidative damage of submandibular glands. Expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) as well as histological findings were also evaluated in the submandibular glands.. The rats with experimental periodontitis showed increase in the levels of serum reactive oxygen metabolites and TNF-alpha, and a decrease of anti-oxidant power in a time-dependent manner. At 4 weeks, these rats also had significantly increased levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and TNF-alpha, and increased number of TUNEL-positive cells and vacuolisation in the submandibular glands compared to the control rats.. Imbalance of circulating oxidative/anti-oxidative status may be involved in vacuolisation and apoptosis of submandibular glands in the rat periodontitis model.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Deoxyguanosine; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Ligation; Male; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Statistics, Nonparametric; Submandibular Gland; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Increased levels of oxidative stress due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Studies suggest a negative association between plasma vitamin C level and the severity of periodontitis. We hypothesized that increases in plasma vitamin C levels after vitamin C intake might clinically reduce gingival oxidative stress in a rat periodontitis model. A ligature was placed around rat mandibular molars for 4 weeks to induce periodontitis, and the rats were then given drinking water with or without 1 g/L vitamin C for 2 weeks after the ligature was removed. The periodontitis-induced rats showed a 149% increase in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level and a 40% decrease in reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio in gingival tissue. Vitamin C intake induced a 175% increase in plasma vitamin C level, resulting in an improvement in the gingival 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level (decreased) and in the reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio (increased). Furthermore, in ligature-induced periodontitis lesions, gene expression encoding inflammation, including interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta, was more than twofold down-regulated by vitamin C intake. The results suggest that systemic administration of vitamin C could be clinically beneficial in improving periodontitis-induced oxidative stress by down-regulating inflammatory gene expression.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Deoxyguanosine; DNA, Mitochondrial; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutathione; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Osteoclasts; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA

Periodontitis has been causally linked to cardiovascular disease, which is mediated through the oxidative stress induced by periodontitis. Since vitamin C has been suggested to limit oxidative damage, we hypothesized that vitamin C intake may reduce endothelial oxidative stress induced by periodontitis in the aorta. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C intake on the initiation of atherosclerosis in a ligature-induced rat periodontitis model.. Eighteen 8-week-old-male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of six rats and all rats received daily fresh water and powdered food through out the 6-week study. In the vitamin C and periodontitis groups, periodontitis was ligature-induced for the first 4 weeks. In the vitamin C group, rats were given distilled water containing 1 g/L vitamin C for the 2 weeks after removing the ligature.. In the periodontitis group, there was lipid deposition in the descending aorta and significant increases of serum level of hexanoyl-lysine (HEL), and aortic levels of nitrotyrosine expression, HEL expression and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) compared to the control group. Vitamin C intake significantly increased plasma vitamin C level and GSH:GSSG ratio (178% and 123%, respectively), and decreased level of serum HEL and aortic levels of nitrotyrosine, HEL and 8-OHdG (23%, 87%, 84%, and 38%, respectively).. These results suggest that vitamin C intake attenuates the degree of experimental atherosclerosis induced by periodontitis in the rat by decreasing oxidative stress.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Antioxidants; Aorta, Thoracic; Aortic Diseases; Ascorbic Acid; Atherosclerosis; Deoxyguanosine; Endothelium, Vascular; Glutathione; Lysine; Male; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tyrosine; Vitamins

Periodontitis increases the serum lipopolysaccharide level, contributing to liver injury. Toothbrushing improves periodontitis and may also affect serum lipopolysaccharide concentration and periodontitis-induced liver injury. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the improvement in periodontal inflammation by toothbrushing clinically affects the serum lipopolysaccharide level and hepatic pathological changes in rat periodontitis.. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, 2 groups receiving topical application of pyrogen-free water to the gingival sulcus for 4 or 8 weeks. The next 2 groups received topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases for 4 or 8 weeks. The last group received topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases for 8 weeks, and the palatal gingiva was brushed with a powered toothbrush once a day for 4 weeks prior to the end of the experimental period.. Topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases induced not only periodontal inflammation but also an elevation in the serum lipopolysaccharide concentration, with increasing hepatic inflammation, steatosis and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in a time-dependent manner. The rats that received gingival stimulation showed decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and collagen loss levels in the periodontal lesions. Furthermore, this group also showed a decrease in serum lipopolysaccharide concentration and hepatic inflammation, steatosis and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels, compared with the group receiving no treatment.. Toothbrushing promoted healing of periodontal lesions, decreased serum lipopolysaccharide concentration and suppressed liver injury in a rat periodontitis model.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Collagen; Connective Tissue; Deoxyguanosine; DNA, Mitochondrial; Epithelial Attachment; Escherichia coli; Fatty Liver; Gingiva; Leukocyte Count; Lipopolysaccharides; Liver Diseases; Male; Neutrophil Infiltration; Neutrophils; Peptide Hydrolases; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontitis; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Streptomyces griseus; Toothbrushing; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Studies indicate a correlation between obesity and periodontitis. Oxidative stress is involved in the progression of periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on gingival oxidative stress in a rat periodontitis model.. The obese Zucker rats (n = 14) and their lean littermates (n = 14) were each divided into two groups of seven rats. In one of each group, periodontitis was induced by ligature for 4 weeks, whereas the other group was left unligated. The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione were determined to examine gingival oxidative stress. The serum level of reactive oxygen metabolites and the gingival gene-expression pattern related to oxidative/metabolic stress, inflammation, and cell behavior were also evaluated.. The obese rats weighed more than the lean rats at 4 weeks. Compared to lean rats, obese rats had enhanced gingival 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels and a decreased ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione in the gingival tissue, with increasing serum reactive oxygen metabolites. However, there were no significant differences in the degree of alveolar bone loss between lean and obese rats, except for teeth with and without ligatures in both rats. In addition, the periodontal lesion in obese rats showed higher 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration than the inflamed ones in lean rats, with downregulation of multiple cytochrome P450 gene expression.. Obesity induced gingival oxidative stress with increasing serum reactive oxygen metabolites in rats. In the periodontal lesion, gene expressions related to a capacity for xenobiotic detoxification were downregulated in the obese model.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Body Weight; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Deoxyguanosine; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Glutathione; Leukocyte Count; Male; Neutrophils; Obesity; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Rats; Rats, Zucker; Reactive Oxygen Species

Oxidative stress affects the progression of periodontitis. Cocoa is a rich source of flavonoids with antioxidant properties, which could suppress gingival oxidative stress in periodontal lesions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a cocoa-enriched diet on gingival oxidative stress in a rat-periodontitis model.. In this 4-week study, rats were divided into three groups (n = 8/group): a control group (fed a regular diet) and two periodontitis groups (fed a regular diet or cocoa-enriched diet [10% of food intake]). Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement around the mandibular first molars. Serum levels for reactive oxygen metabolites were measured at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, the levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio were determined to evaluate gingival oxidative damage and antioxidant status, respectively.. Rats with experimental periodontitis that were fed a regular diet showed an increase in the level of serum reactive oxygen metabolites in a time-dependent manner. These rats also had an increased 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level and decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio in the gingival tissue, inducing alveolar bone loss and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. Although experimental periodontitis was induced in the rats fed a cocoa-enriched diet, they did not show impairments in serum reactive oxygen metabolite level and gingival levels for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio. Alveolar bone loss and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration after ligature placement were also inhibited by cocoa intake.. Consuming a cocoa-enriched diet could diminish periodontitis-induced oxidative stress, which, in turn, might suppress the progression of periodontitis.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Antioxidants; Cacao; Deoxyguanosine; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Fibroblasts; Flavonoids; Free Radicals; Functional Food; Gingiva; Glutathione; Leukocyte Count; Male; Neutrophil Infiltration; Neutrophils; Osteoclasts; Oxidative Stress; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontitis; Phenols; Polyphenols; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Gingival cells respond to periodontal pathogens by generating reactive oxygen species, and such a condition would increase circulating oxidative stress. Improvement of gingival inflammation by toothbrushing may offer clinical benefits on not only periodontal health but also the circulatory conditions. We examined the effects of mechanical stimulation on the plasma 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level in a rat periodontitis model.. In this experiment, male Wistar rats (n=18) were divided into three groups. The control group received topical application of pyrogen-free water to the gingival sulcus for 8 weeks, while the other two groups received topical application of bacterial pathogens (lipopolysaccharide and proteases). After 4 weeks, half of the rats in the experimental groups received daily mechanical stimulation with an electric toothbrush for 4 weeks.. Rats treated with bacterial pathogens presented periodontal tissue damage and increased plasma levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Mechanical stimulation by toothbrushing decreased gingival inflammation and oxidative DNA damage indicated by a decrease in plasma 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine.. Mechanical stimulation of periodontally involved gingiva reduced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in plasma and may contribute to a reduction in circulating oxidative stress associated molecules.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Deoxyguanosine; Disease Models, Animal; Gingiva; Male; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Toothbrushing

Studies suggest a correlation between ethanol consumption and periodontal disease. We hypothesized that elevated levels of blood reactive oxygen species following ethanol consumption may increase inflammation in periodontal tissue. Rats were divided into 4 groups (6-7 rats/group). Two groups were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet, and 2 groups were fed a pair-fed control diet. In one of each dietary group, periodontitis was ligature-induced, while the other group was left unligated. Chronic ethanol feeding alone decreased the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione and increased 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels in the gingiva. Blood hydroperoxides were also increased. In ligature-induced periodontitis lesions, ethanol feeding enhanced polymorpho-nuclear leukocyte infiltration and TNF-alpha expression. The results suggest that chronic alcohol consumption increased periodontal inflammation, oxidative damage, and TNF-alpha production and had an additive effect on polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and gingival oxidative damage, increasing the severity of periodontal inflammation in the ligature model.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Deoxyguanosine; Disease Models, Animal; Ethanol; Gingiva; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Neutrophil Infiltration; Periodontitis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tooth Cervix; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Epidemiologic studies suggest a relationship between periodontitis and liver diseases. A rat periodontitis model was used to investigate whether a causal relationship exists between periodontitis and liver diseases.. Fourteen male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided into two groups: a periodontitis group in which Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Streptomyces griseus proteases were applied into the gingival sulcus for 8 weeks, and a control group using pyrogen-free water instead. After blood samples were collected, periodontal tissues and liver specimens were analyzed.. Chronic administration of LPS and proteases to the gingival sulcus induced periodontitis and liver injury, including steatosis with inflammation and sinusoidal fibrosis. Apoptosis, enhanced concentration of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and activated production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in liver were observed in the periodontitis group, with increased gingival inflammation, serum LPS, and reactive oxygen species.. Periodontal inflammation in a rat model induced fatty liver disease through increased serum LPS.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Fragmentation; DNA, Mitochondrial; Fatty Liver; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Peptide Hydrolases; Periodontitis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Studies suggest an association between consumption of a high-cholesterol diet and periodontitis. We addressed the mechanism by which high dietary cholesterol could be detrimental to periodontal health in a rat model. Feeding a high-cholesterol diet augmented the effects of bacterial pathogens and their products (e.g., lipopolysaccharide and proteases) on production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in fibroblasts. High dietary cholesterol also increased mitochondrial 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the periodontal tissues. These results suggest that excessive tissue oxidative damage induced by high dietary cholesterol could potentiate pro-inflammatory cytokine production by fibroblasts stimulated with bacterial pathogens.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animal Feed; Animals; Cholesterol; Deoxyguanosine; Disease Models, Animal; Fibroblasts; Interleukin-1; Male; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Periodontitis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Triglycerides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of tobacco smoking and the clinical type of periodontitis on the chosen parameters of oxidative stress (superoxide anion generation on the ground of cytochrome c reduction in the whole blood, the concentration of autoantibodies for oxidized low-density lipoprotein in venous and gingival blood, the level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a marker of oxidative DNA damage in venous and gingival blood and the total antioxidant capacity in venous and gingival blood).. The study included 50 periodontitis patients (20 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis - GAP and 30 patients with chronic periodontitis--CP), aged 28-55 (the mean value 40.3). There were 28 females and 22 males. The control group consisted of 25 volunteers in good general health, aged 2-50 (the mean value 37.8). There were 15 women in this group. In clinical examination ofperiodontium following indexes were included: plaque index (Silness and Löe), aproximal plaque index (Lange et al.), bleeding upon probing (Saxer and Mühlemann), pockets depth, the number of teeth.. Significant influence of periodontal diagnosis on the level of 8-OHdG in gingival blood and total antioxidant capacity and also all analyzed clinical parameters was revealed. Significant total influence ofperiodontal diagnosis with tobacco smoking on total antioxidant capacity was also seen in venous blood (p = 0.004).. 1) periodontal status impacted in significant way on the level of 8-OHdG in gingival blood and total antioxidant capacity in venous blood, 2) tobacco smoking and chronic periodontitis presence were connected with significantly decreasing levels of total antioxidant capacity in venous blood; this fact may be under importance in connection between periodontitis and atherosclerosis, 3) tobacco smoking was a significant factor in the progression ofperiodontitis (higher levels of plaque indexes, deeper periodontal pockets in nicotine addicted patients).

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Cytochromes c; Deoxyguanosine; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder

The aim of this study was to determine the association between levels of a marker of oxidative stress, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in saliva and the presence of teeth with a hopeless prognosis as a result of advanced periodontitis. Thirty-four periodontitis patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of periodontally-involved teeth of hopeless prognosis. Salivary levels of 8-OHdG in those with were significantly higher than in subjects without periodontally-involved teeth of hopeless prognosis (4.78 +/- 0.14 ng/ml and 2.35 +/- 0.18 ng/ml, respectively). We also evaluated 8-OHdG levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of teeth with advanced periodontal destruction (mean probing depth = 7.2). In this case, 8-OHdG was detected only from those periodontally-involved teeth of hopeless prognosis, and only in some cases (8 out of 18 samples). These data suggest that periodontally-involved teeth of hopeless prognosis are a major source of salivary 8-OHdG. Measurement of salivary 8-OHdG levels may prove to be useful in identifying patients with teeth of hopeless prognosis.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Aged; Alveolar Bone Loss; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Deoxyguanosine; Disease Progression; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Prognosis; Saliva; Statistics, Nonparametric

We assessed the salivary levels of periodontopathic bacteria and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in patients with periodontitis. The salivary levels of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia (formerly Bacteroides forsythus) were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The 8-OHdG levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The salivary levels of 8-OHdG, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia in the periodontitis patients were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects. By contrast, the A. actinomycetemcomitans level in healthy subjects was higher than that in periodontitis patients. 8-OHdG was significantly correlated with P. gingivalis. Statistically significant decreases in the levels of P. gingivalis, probing depth, bleeding on probing, and 8-OHdG were observed after initial periodontal treatment. These results suggest that the 8-OHdG levels in saliva reflect the load of periodontal pathogens. 8-OHdG could be a useful biomarker for assessing periodontal status accurately, and for evaluating the efficacy of periodontal treatment.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Aged; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Bacteroides; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Deoxyguanosine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Saliva

Several studies have demonstrated a close association between Streptococcus (S.) anginosus infection and head and neck cancer. Accumulation of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which may result from the continuous generation of reactive oxygen species associated with chronic inflammation, has been reported in human preneoplastic lesions and in cancerous tissues. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the salivary levels of S. anginosus and 8-OHdG in patients with periodontitis. Salivary levels of S. anginosus were measured by real-time PCR. S. anginosus was detected in 28 out of 38 (73.7%) of subjects. The 8-OHdG level was significantly higher in patients positive for S. anginosus than in patients negative for the bacterium. A significant decrease in S. anginosus and 8-OHdG levels was observed after initial periodontal treatment. Our findings indicate that, although the levels of S. anginosus are relatively low, there is a correlation between the salivary level of S. anginosus and 8-OHdG, and that periodontal treatment can decrease the levels of these hazard factors.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Aged; Dental Scaling; Deoxyguanosine; DNA, Bacterial; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Saliva; Statistics, Nonparametric; Streptococcus anginosus

There is an increasing body of evidence implicating reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of periodontal tissue destruction. 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is one of the most commonly used markers to evaluate oxidative damage in a number of disorders including chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate 8-OHdG levels in whole saliva of patients with periodontitis and to assess the changes after initial treatment.. Saliva samples were collected from 78 patients with untreated periodontitis and 17 healthy control subjects. Clinical parameters and levels of 8-OHdG were assessed first to establish a baseline and again after initial periodontal treatment from 15 patients. 8-OHdG levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.. The mean value of 8-OHdG in the saliva of periodontally diseased subjects, 4.28 +/- 0.10 ng/ml, was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of clinically healthy subjects (1.56 +/- 0.10 ng/ml). A significant decrease in salivary 8-OHdG was observed after therapy (P<0.01).. In the present study, we evaluated for the first time 8-OHdG levels in whole saliva of patients with periodontitis and assessed changes after initial periodontal treatment. Our study indicated that 8-OHdG levels in saliva appear to reflect the status of periodontal health.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Chronic Disease; Dental Scaling; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Damage; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oral Hygiene; Oxidative Stress; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Root Planing; Saliva; Smoking; Statistics as Topic; Statistics, Nonparametric