8-epi-prostaglandin-f2alpha and Acute-Disease

Nitric oxide plays a pivotal role in regulating vascular tone. Different studies show endothelial function is impaired during hyperglycemia. Dark chocolate increases flow-mediated dilation in healthy and hypertensive subjects with and without glucose intolerance; however, the effect of pretreatment with dark chocolate on endothelial function and other vascular responses to hyperglycemia has not been examined. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of flavanol-rich dark chocolate administration on (1) flow-mediated dilation and wave reflections; (2) blood pressure, endothelin-1 and oxidative stress, before and after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Twelve healthy volunteers (5 males, 28.2±2.7 years) randomly received either 100 g/d dark chocolate or flavanol-free white chocolate for 3 days. After 7 days washout period, volunteers were switched to the other treatment. Flow-mediated dilation, stiffness index, reflection index, peak-to-peak time, blood pressure, endothelin-1 and 8-iso-PGF(2α) were evaluated after each treatment phase and OGTT. Compared with white chocolate, dark chocolate ingestion improved flow-mediated dilation (P=0.03), wave reflections, endothelin-1 and 8-iso-PGF(2α) (P<0.05). After white chocolate ingestion, flow-mediated dilation was reduced after OGTT from 7.88±0.68 to 6.07±0.76 (P=0.027), 6.74±0.51 (P=0.046) at 1 and 2 h after the glucose load, respectively. Similarly, after white chocolate but not after dark chocolate, wave reflections, blood pressure, and endothelin-1 and 8-iso-PGF(2α) increased after OGTT. OGTT causes acute, transient impairment of endothelial function and oxidative stress, which is attenuated by flavanol-rich dark chocolate. These results suggest cocoa flavanols may contribute to vascular health by reducing the postprandial impairment of arterial function associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Blood Pressure; Cacao; Dinoprost; Endothelin-1; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Flavanones; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Pulse Wave Analysis

Oxidative stress (OS) contributes to the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD) in a manner that is as yet unknown. In the present study OS in the acute phase of KD was investigated by measuring urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PG) and evaluating its correlation to the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration.. The 62 patients with acute phase of KD were enrolled, as well as 20 healthy children (HC) and 20 with acute febrile illness (FI). Urinary samples were obtained before and after administration of IVIG. The HC and FI groups also had inflammatory markers evaluated at the same time. The 8-iso-PG was significantly elevated in the 62 KD patients (719 +/-335 pg/mg Cr) without IVIG administration compared with those with FI (583 +/-213 pg/mg Cr) as well as HC (443 +/-288 pg/mg Cr) (P<0.01). 40 patients were given 3 different regimens of IVIG: 16 received 2 g/kg for 1 day; 17 received 1 g/kg for 1 day; 7 received 400 mg . kg(-1) . day(-1) for 5 days. All regimens of IVIG reduced the 8-iso-PG level at 7 days after initiation.. OS provokes vasculitis in KD, the activation of which was reduced by IVIG. The urinary level of 8-iso-PG is a useful marker of the effectiveness of IVIG in the acute phase of KD.

Topics: Acute Disease; Acute-Phase Reaction; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Dinoprost; Female; Fever; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immunologic Factors; Infant; Male; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome; Oxidative Stress; Treatment Outcome

Higher plasma 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentrations have been associated with poor outcome of severe traumatic brain injury. We further investigated the relationships between plasma 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentrations and clinical outcomes in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.. Plasma 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentrations of 128 consecutive patients and 128 sex- and gender-matched healthy subjects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We assessed their relationships with disease severity and clinical outcomes including 1-week mortality, 6-month mortality and unfavorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score>2).. Plasma 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentrations were substantially higher in patients than in healthy controls. Plasma 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentrations were positively associated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and hematoma volume using a multivariate linear regression. It emerged as an independent predictor for clinical outcomes of patients using a forward stepwise logistic regression. ROC curves identified the predictive values of plasma 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentrations, and found its predictive value was similar to NIHSS scores and hematoma volumes. However, it just numerically added the predictive values of NIHSS score and hematoma volume.. Increased plasma 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentrations are associated with disease severity and clinical outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Biomarkers; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Dinoprost; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Stroke; Treatment Outcome

Chronic psychological stress appears to accelerate biological aging, and oxidative damage is an important potential mediator of this process. However, the mechanisms by which psychological stress promotes oxidative damage are poorly understood. This study investigates the theory that cortisol increases in response to an acutely stressful event have the potential to either enhance or undermine psychobiological resilience to oxidative damage, depending on the body's prior exposure to chronic psychological stress. In order to achieve a range of chronic stress exposure, forty-eight post-menopausal women were recruited in a case-control design that matched women caring for spouses with dementia (a chronic stress model) with similarly aged control women whose spouses were healthy. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing perceived stress over the previous month and provided fasting blood. Three markers of oxidative damage were assessed: 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2α) (IsoP), lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-oxoG) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), reflecting oxidative damage to RNA/DNA respectively. Within approximately one week, participants completed a standardized acute laboratory stress task while salivary cortisol responses were measured. The increase from 0 to 30 min was defined as "peak" cortisol reactivity, while the increase from 0 to 15 min was defined as "anticipatory" cortisol reactivity, representing a cortisol response that began while preparing for the stress task. Women under chronic stress had higher 8-oxoG, oxidative damage to RNA (p<.01). A moderated mediation model was tested, in which it was hypothesized that heightened anticipatory cortisol reactivity would mediate the relationship between perceived stress and elevated oxidative stress damage, but only among women under chronic stress. Consistent with this model, bootstrapped path analysis found significant indirect paths from perceived stress to 8-oxoG and IsoP (but not 8-OHdG) via anticipatory cortisol reactivity, showing the expected relations among chronically stressed participants (p≤.01) Intriguingly, among those with low chronic stress exposure, moderate (compared to low) levels of perceived stress were associated with reduced levels of oxidative damage. Hence, this study supports the emerging model that chronic stress exposure promotes oxidative damage through frequent and sustained activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. It also supports the less

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Acute Disease; Affect; Aged; Anticipation, Psychological; Caregivers; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Deoxyguanosine; Dinoprost; DNA Damage; Female; Guanosine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Resilience, Psychological; Saliva; Secretory Rate; Spouses; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires

The aims of this study were to evaluate myocardial mechanics using pulsed tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and to determine the relationship between abnormal myocardial performance and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and oxidative stress in acute Kawasaki disease (KD).. Consecutive TDI parameters, including peak systolic velocity (Sw) and early (Ew) and late diastolic excursion of the mitral annuli were obtained in 42 patients with KD (mean age: 2.4+/-0.4 years) in weeks 1, 2, and 3, and during convalescence. Plasma BNP level and urinary 8-isoprostane were also examined during the acute phase. These data were then compared with TDI profiles from 62 healthy children, plasma BNP levels in 38 controls with other febrile illnesses, and urinary 8-isoprostane levels in 13 healthy children. Ew in week 1 was significantly lower than in controls, subsequently normalizing in the convalescent stage. Plasma BNP level in acute KD patients was significantly higher (65+/-9 pg/ml) than in controls (13+/-2 pg/ml). Urinary 8-isoprostane level in acute KD patients was significantly higher as compared with control (596 +/-37 vs 379+/-26 pg/ml Cr, p<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between week 1 Sw and plasma BNP level (r=-0.55, p=0.0001). Change in Sw velocity in the BNP >/=51 group was significantly greater than in the BNP <51 group. There was a significant negative correlation between week 1 Sw and urinary 8-isoprostane level (r=-0.48, p=0.001).. Latent abnormal tissue Doppler profiles, possibly reflecting long-axis systolic and diastolic dysfunction have been noted in KD patients. Abnormal myocardial mechanics may contribute to the increased plasma BNP level and enhanced oxidative stress may contribute to cardiac dysfunction in KD.

Topics: Acute Disease; Blood Flow Velocity; Case-Control Studies; Child, Preschool; Dinoprost; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Infant; Male; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Oxidative Stress; Systole

The present study was performed to evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) and its interaction with superoxide anion (O2-) in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and renal function during the developmental phase of hypertension in Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR). The first aim was to compare BP and renal functional responses to acute NO synthase (NOS) inhibition achieved by intravenous (i.v.) infusion of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) in prehypertensive heterozygous TGR and in transgene-negative Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) rats. The second aim was to evaluate whether scavenging of O2- by infusion of the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol increases NO bioavailability which therefore should augment BP and renal functional responses to L-NAME.. Rats were anesthetized, prepared for clearance experiments and BP and renal functional responses were evaluated in response to i.v. L-NAME administration (20 microg.100 g(-1).min(-1)) without or with tempol pretreatment (i.v., 300 microg.100 g(-1).min(-1)). In renal cortical tissue, nitrotyrosine protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting as marker of O2- production and urinary 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) excretion as marker of intrarenal oxidative stress was assessed by enzyme immunoassay.. BP, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and sodium excretion were similar in TGR and HanSD. L-NAME infusion induced greater increases in BP in TGR than in HanSD (+42 +/- 4 vs. +25 +/- 3 mmHg, p < 0.05). In the absence of a significant change in GFR, L-NAME caused similar decreases in RPF (-32 +/- 6 and -25 +/- 4%, p < 0.05) in TGR and HanSD. Despite significantly higher renocortical expression of nitrotyrosine and urinary 8-epi-PGF2alpha excretion in TGR than in HanSD, pretreatment with tempol did not augment the rise in BP and the decrease in RPF induced by L-NAME.. The greater BP response to L-NAME in TGR suggests that prehypertensive TGR exhibit an enhanced NO activity in the systemic vasculature as compared with HanSD. Despite increased intrarenal oxidative stress in TGR, the dependency of the intrarenal vascular tone on NO appears to be similar in TGR and HanSD. The lack of a compensatory increase in renal NO activity may partially account for the enhanced renal vascular response to ANG II present in TGR.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Antioxidants; Blood Pressure; Cyclic N-Oxides; Dinoprost; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Male; Mice; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Renal Circulation; Renin; Sodium; Spin Labels; Tyrosine

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in iron and iron protein (ferritin and transferrin) levels in chronic venous ulcers and acute wounds. The deleterious effect of iron in free-radical-induced tissue damage was indirectly examined by assessing 8-isoprostane levels and antioxidant status in wound fluid samples. Wound fluid samples from chronic leg ulcers in nonhealing and healing phases and wound fluid from mastectomy wounds were assayed for ferritin, transferrin, total iron, 8-isoprostane, and total antioxidant status. Immunohistochemistry and Perls' staining were performed on paired biopsies from chronic leg ulcers and on normal skin biopsies. Chronic wound fluid had significantly greater levels of ferritin (p < 0.05) and lower levels of transferrin (p < 0.001) than acute wound fluid and there was a significant reduction in the level of ferritin in healing compared to nonhealing chronic leg ulcers (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the levels of total iron present in the wound fluids. Histologic staining showed consistently more ferritin and ferric iron in chronic wound tissue than in normal skin. Elevated levels of 8-isoprostane and antioxidants were observed for chronic wound fluid compared to acute wound fluid (p < 0.001). These results suggest the existence of an environment of oxidative stress in chronic wounds and the likely contribution of iron to exacerbating tissue damage and delaying healing in these wounds.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antioxidants; Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Extracellular Fluid; F2-Isoprostanes; Female; Ferritins; Ferrozine; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Iron; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Transferrin; Varicose Ulcer