8-11-14-eicosatrienoic-acid and Inflammatory-Bowel-Diseases

This review summarizes recent developments in the role of soluble mediators of inflammation, particularly arachidonic acid metabolites, in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).. The role of prostaglandin E2 in immune regulation has been better defined. Prostaglandin E2 promotes not only immune tolerance and epithelial homeostasis but also the proinflammatory Th17 pathway. Prostaglandin D2 has been established as promoting the resolution of inflammation in the gastrointestinal mucosa. The 12-lipoxygenase product hepoxilin A3 mediates the migration of neutrophils from the mucosa into the lumen.. Recent studies of soluble mediators, especially arachidonic acid metabolites, have defined their proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles in IBD.

Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arachidonic Acid; Cell Movement; Dinoprostone; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Neutrophils; Prostaglandin D2; Signal Transduction; Th17 Cells

Dietary fortification of n-9 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA) as well as n-3 PUFA might contribute to the suppression of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis and thereby reduce inflammatory bowel lesions. As a result, the effect of an ETrA-enriched diet on experimental bowel lesions was examined in this study.. In Expt. 1, rats were freely fed either an ETrA-enriched or a standard diet. After 7 days of feeding, acute bowel lesions were induced by the subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg indomethacin. In Expt. 2, chronic bowel lesions were made by performing subcutaneous injections of 7.5 mg/kg indomethacin twice. After the first injection, the rats were freely fed either an ETrA-enriched or a standard diet for 7 days.. In both experiments, the rats fed an ETrA-enriched diet showed increased levels of ETrA in the plasma and intestinal mucosa, and a decreased inflammation score. However, there was no significant decrease in plasma and intestinal mucosal LTB4 in the ETrA-enriched diet-fed rats.. These results suggest that the dietary supplementation of ETrA may have both prophylactic and therapeutic effects on experimentally produced bowel lesions. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the effects of ETrA on bowel lesions and its mechanisms.

Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Animals; Diet; Indomethacin; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestines; Leukotriene B4; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley