6-ketoprostaglandin-f1-alpha and Dermatitis--Atopic

In a double-blind trial patients with atopic eczema received either oral evening primrose oil (EPO) (n = 14) or placebo (n = 11) for 12 weeks. In the EPO group a statistically significant improvement was observed in the overall severity and grade of inflammation and in the percentage of the body surface involved by eczema as well as in dryness and itch. Patients in the placebo group showed a significant reduction in inflammation. The patients receiving EPO showed a significantly greater reduction in inflammation than those receiving placebo. Evening primrose oil caused a significant rise in the amount of dihomogammalinolenic acid in the plasma phospholipid fatty acids. Plasma levels of TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE1, and the amount of TXB2 released into serum during clotting were not altered by evening primrose oil.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; Alprostadil; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatologic Agents; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Essential; Female; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Humans; Linoleic Acids; Male; Oenothera biennis; Phospholipids; Plant Oils; Random Allocation; Skin; Thromboxane B2

NC/Nga mice have similar pathological and behavioral features of human atopic dermatitis and are used as a model of the disease. Under conventional circumstances, spontaneous and persistent scratching is frequent and can lead to the onset of skin inflammation. We examined the effects of several prostanoids and their related compounds on the scratching behavior of NC/Nga mice. Among them, topically applied prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin I2 significantly suppressed the scratching, the order of inhibitory activities being prostaglandin D2>>prostaglandin I2>prostaglandin E1=prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin D2 metabolite, prostaglandin J2 also significantly suppressed the scratching but not so 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin D2, and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. The order of the inhibitory activities of these prostaglandin D2 metabolites depended on affinity of the prostanoid DP1 receptor but not on the DP2 receptor (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper2 cells, CRTH2) and PPAR-gamma receptors. Likewise, topically applied arachidonic acid significantly suppressed the scratching while indomethacin enhanced it. Pretreatment of arachidonic acid increased the skin prostaglandins (prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2alpha and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha) contents, but indomethacin decreased the prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin E2 contents. On the other hand, prostaglandin D2 and indomethacin had no apparent effects on histamine-induced scratching of ICR mice. These results suggested that prostaglandin D2 plays a physiological role in inhibiting pruritus of NC/Nga mice via their specific prostanoid DP1 receptors, and that prostaglandin D2 and/or a prostanoid DP1 receptor agonist may have therapeutic effects for cases of consecutive skin inflammation.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Alprostadil; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arachidonic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epoprostenol; Histamine; Indomethacin; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice, Inbred Strains; Prostaglandin D2; Prostaglandins; Pruritus; Receptors, Prostaglandin; Skin; Time Factors

Column chromatography followed by RIA was used to measure the blood plasma content of arachidonic acid metabolites (leukotrienes C4, B4, C4/D4/E4, prostaglandins F2 alpha, E2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2) in 146 children aged 6 months to 14 years with atopic dermatitis. The data obtained were compared to the healthy children's parameters. The majority of the patients manifested activation of the system of arachidonic acid metabolism. The intensity of changes in the content of eicosanoids was found to depend on the clinical pattern and spreading of skin lesions.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adolescent; Arachidonic Acids; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Humans; Infant; Leukotriene B4; SRS-A; Thromboxane B2

A study was carried out on 29 patients to investigate the amount of histamine liberation and release of platelet-activating factor and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha from gastric mucosa and whole blood or mononuclear cells by sodium benzoate. The patients suffered from asthma (10), atopic dermatitis (7) and chronic urticaria (4). 8 patients with unrelated, non-immunologic diseases served as controls. In the oral provocation test (OPT) 3 patients experienced a recurrence of their original disease, whilst 1 asthmatic patient reacted with abdominal disorder. The release of histamine and prostaglandin from mucosa was significantly increased by sodium benzoate in comparison to the spontaneous release observed in patients. The mucosa of the control persons did not react to sodium benzoate. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in prostaglandin release between patients with positive OPT and the control persons. No difference could be found between patients with negative OPT and those with positive OPT. Additionally, in the mediator release from whole blood or mononuclear cells there was no obvious difference apparent. These results suggest a possible involvement of prostacyclin and histamine in adverse reactions to benzoate. Due to the sensitivity of the method, a mediator release from mucosa can already be demonstrated in a preclinical state of the pseudoallergic reaction in the absence of clinical symptoms.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asthma; Benzoates; Benzoic Acid; Dermatitis, Atopic; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Food Additives; Gastric Mucosa; Histamine; Histamine Release; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Platelet Activating Factor; Urticaria

The blood plasma levels of a number of endogenous prostaglandins have been measured by column chromatography followed by radioimmunoassay in 33 patients with psoriasis and in 22 children with allergic dermatoses. The findings evidence an increase of these prostanoids at the peak of the skin process exacerbation, thus indicating their role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and allergic dermatoses in children.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Infant; Middle Aged; Neurodermatitis; Psoriasis; Thromboxane B2