6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one and Lung-Neoplasms

Calcium independent group VIA phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are upregulated in many disease states; their involvement with cancer cell migration has been a recent subject for study. Further, the molecular mechanisms mediating nicotine-induced breast cancer cell progression have not been fully investigated. This study aims to investigate whether iPLA2β mediates nicotine-induced breast cancer cell proliferation and migration through both in-vitro and in-vivo techniques. Subsequently, the ability of Bromoenol Lactone (BEL) to attenuate the severity of nicotine-induced breast cancer was examined.. We found that BEL significantly attenuated both basal and nicotine-induced 4T1 breast cancer cell proliferation, via an MTT proliferation assay. Breast cancer cell migration was examined by both a scratch and transwell assay, in which, BEL was found to significantly decrease both basal and nicotine-induced migration. Additionally, nicotine-induced MMP-9 expression was found to be mediated in an iPLA2β dependent manner. These results suggest that iPLA2β plays a critical role in mediating both basal and nicotine-induced breast cancer cell proliferation and migration in-vitro. In an in-vivo mouse breast cancer model, BEL treatment was found to significantly reduce both basal (p<0.05) and nicotine-induced tumor growth (p<0.01). Immunohistochemical analysis showed BEL decreased nicotine-induced MMP-9, HIF-1alpha, and CD31 tumor tissue expression. Subsequently, BEL was observed to reduce nicotine-induced lung metastasis.. The present study indicates that nicotine-induced migration is mediated by MMP-9 production in an iPLA2β dependent manner. Our data suggests that BEL is a possible chemotherapeutic agent as it was found to reduce both nicotine-induced breast cancer tumor growth and lung metastasis.

Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Carcinogens; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Epithelial Cells; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Group VI Phospholipases A2; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Lung Neoplasms; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Naphthalenes; Nicotine; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Pyrones; Signal Transduction; Transcriptional Activation; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays