5-hydroxymethylfurfural and Alzheimer-Disease

Although grape has been recently the topic of many investigations, Maviz (a kind of dried one) has remained neglected. The aim of this study was to assess anti-Alzheimer activity of Maviz.. To reach this goal, total phenolic content (TPC) of ethanolic (Eth) and aqueous (Aq) extracts were determined and radical scavenging activity was assayed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Chemical compositions of each extract were also determined via GC-Mass. Behavioral changes were studied via passive avoidance and Morris water maze in Aβ-induced model of Alzheimer's disease. Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) determination were also done on rats' hippocampus.. The results showed that seed Eth extract has a high level of TPC and radical scavenging activity. However, this extract had surprisingly no effect on memory and CAT and SOD activities. In contrast, fruit Aq and Eth extracts (containing furfurals as major compounds) inhibited memory impairment (P < 0.001) and elevated brain levels of CAT and SOD(P < 0.05).. It seems that Maviz non-phenolic compounds-most probably 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and other similar derivatives-are responsible for these actions.

Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Antioxidants; Avoidance Learning; Disease Models, Animal; Food, Preserved; Free Radical Scavengers; Fruit; Furaldehyde; Hippocampus; Iran; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seeds; Vitis

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a main effective compound of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. ethanol extract, which showed memory improvement activity against Alzheimer's disease in previous study. In order to identify a potential therapeutic agent, the neuroprotective effects of 5-HMF on impairment of cognition and memory function induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ 1-42 were investigated in vivo. The mice were treated with 5-HMF at dose of 15 μg/kg and 150 μg/kg (ICV) for five consecutive days after ICV-Aβ 1-42. The results showed that 5-HMF significantly ameliorated learning and memory impairment evaluated by the locomotor activity, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test. Furthermore, 5-HMF significantly inhibited the β-secretase activity, decreased the content of Aβ 1-42 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased the antioxidative enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Results of hippocampus slices showed that neuronal were integrated and regularly arranged in the groups which were administered along with 5-HMF, indicating that 5-HMF could mitigate the degree of neuronal damage. The present study indicated that 5-HMF may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Topics: Alpinia; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Antioxidants; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Furaldehyde; Male; Maze Learning; Mice, Inbred Strains; Motor Activity; Peptide Fragments; Plant Extracts