Page last updated: 2024-08-21

4-hydroxybutyric acid and Chemical Dependence

4-hydroxybutyric acid has been researched along with Chemical Dependence in 60 studies

Research

Studies (60)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	3 (5.00)	18.2507
2000's	38 (63.33)	29.6817
2010's	17 (28.33)	24.3611
2020's	2 (3.33)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Dijkstra, B; van Mechelen, JC; Vergouwen, A	1
Beurmanjer, H; Buwalda, VJA; De Jong, CAJ; De Wilde, B; Dijkstra, BAG; Luykx, JJ; Schellekens, AFA; van Rompaey, K	1
Cattaneo, D; Formenti, T; Gervasoni, C; Minisci, D; Negri, C; Rizzardini, G	1
Dijkstra, BAG; Kuijpers, W; Mol, T; van Noorden, MS; Wisselink, J	1
Free, C; Hickson, F; Kohli, M; Reid, D; Weatherburn, P	1
Bicker, W; Hess, C; Krämer, M; Küting, T; Madea, B	1
de Vries, YDAT; McMaster, MTB; Polderman, N; Raposo Pereira, F; van den Brink, W; van Wingen, GA	1
Brunt, TM; van Amsterdam, JG; van den Brink, W	1
Lundahl, MK; Norbergh, KG; Olovsson, KJ; Rönngren, Y	1
de Jong, CA; Dijkstra, BA; Kamal, RM; van Iwaarden, S	1
Boettger, S; Claussen, MC; Hassanpour, K; Jenewein, J	1
Bearn, J; O'Brien, M	1
Baglio, G; Busardò, FP; Giarratana, N; Indorato, F; Kyriakou, C; Marinelli, E; Montana, A; Romano, G; Zaami, S	1
Addolorato, G; Bernardi, M; Caputo, F; Comaschi, C; Del Re, A; Francini, S; Leggio, L; Lorenzini, F; Stoppo, M; Vignoli, T; Zoli, G	1
Kröner, L; Lenz, D; Rothschild, MA	1
Benarroch, EE	1
Cottencin, O; Dally, S; Karila, L; Lowenstein, W; Megarbane, B; Novarin, J; Reynaud, M	1
Brzyski, P; Dziuban', A; Foryś, Z; Gomółka, E; Ogonowska, D; Ratecka, A	1
Chwaluk, A; Chwaluk, P; Parnicki, F	1
Smith, SW; Zvosec, DL	1
Andresen, H; Aydin, BE; Iwersen-Bergmann, S; Mueller, A	1
Brunt, TM; van Amsterdam, JG; van den Brink, W; van Laar, M	1
Dematteis, M; Mallaret, M; Pennel, L	1
Aromatario, M; Bottoni, E; Ciallella, C; Santoni, M	1
Gallimberti, L	1
Stillwell, ME	1
Muller, AA	1
Liechti, ME; Mathys, J	1
Bosman, IJ; Lusthof, KJ	1
Klein, M; Kramer, F	1
van Loenen, AC; van Rij, CM; Wilhelm, AJ	1
Capdevila, ME; Magrané, M; Royo-Isaach, J; Vilà, R	1
Abanades, S; Farré, M; Peiró, AM	1
Atzeri, S; Carai, MA; Colombo, G; Gessa, GL; Lobina, C; Maccioni, P; Maher, TJ; Orrù, A; Quang, LS	1
Gibson, KM; Snead, OC	1
Niesink, RJ; Uys, JD	1
Crunelli, V; Emri, Z; Leresche, N	1
Eichhorn, M; Hardmeier, M; Stoppe, G	1
Maher, TJ; Towiwat, P; Unchern, S; Werawattanachai, N	1
Frazee, CC; Garg, U; Kiscoan, M; Knoblauch, J; Scott, D; Wasserman, G	1
Caputo, F; Zoli, G	1
Bernardi, M; Caputo, F	1
Abanades, S; Barral, D; Closas, N; de la Torre, R; Farré, M; Langohr, K; Pastor, A; Torrens, M	1
Dueñas Laita, A	1
Viera, AJ; Yates, SW	1
Bernasconi, R; Bischoff, S; Marescaux, C; Mathivet, P	1
Addolorato, G; Capristo, E; Caputo, F; Gasbarrini, G; Stefanini, GF	1
Beghè, F; Carpanini, MT	1
Cossu, G; Fattore, L; Fratta, W; Martellotta, MC	1
Gallimberti, L; Gessa, GL; Soncini, CA; Spella, MR	1
Contini, SE; Frederick-Osborne, SL; Galloway, GP; Seymour, R; Smith, DE	1
Agabio, R; Carai, MA; Colombo, G; Gessa, GL; Lobina, C; Pani, M; Reali, R	1
Feldman, NT	1
Deveaux, M; Gaulier, JM; Gosset, D; Kintz, P; Renet, S; Renet, V; Verstraete, A	1
Baud, FJ; Fompeydie, D; Garnier, R; Mégarbane, B	1
Alston, WC; Ng, K	1

Reviews

18 review(s) available for 4-hydroxybutyric acid and Chemical Dependence

Article	Year
GHB, GBL and 1,4-BD addiction. Current pharmaceutical design, 2014, Volume: 20, Issue:25 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Substance-Related Disorders	2014
"Addicted to Euphoria": The History, Clinical Presentation, and Management of Party Drug Misuse. International review of neurobiology, 2015, Volume: 120 Topics: Euphoria; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Ketamine; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Substance-Related Disorders	2015
[Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB): more than a date rape drug, a potentially addictive drug]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2009, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Cognition; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Overdose; European Union; Female; France; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Psychoses, Alcoholic; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Rape; Sexual Behavior; Substance-Related Disorders	2009
An overview of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxic effects, addiction, analytical methods, and interpretation of results. Drug testing and analysis, 2011, Volume: 3, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders	2011
[Current knowledge on gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1 ,4-butanediol (1,4-BD)]. La Revue du praticien, 2012, Volume: 62, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Butylene Glycols; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Knowledge; Models, Biological; Substance-Related Disorders	2012
Rave drugs: pharmacological considerations. AANA journal, 2004, Volume: 72, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia; Dancing; Designer Drugs; Emergency Treatment; Flunitrazepam; Hallucinogens; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Ketamine; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Methamphetamine; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders	2004
["Liquid ecstasy" (GHB): a recreational drug? Bio-psycho-social clinical profile of the consumer and some therapeutic proposals]. Atencion primaria, 2004, May-31, Volume: 33, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; Substance-Related Disorders	2004
[Club drugs: old medicines as new party drugs]. Medicina clinica, 2004, Sep-11, Volume: 123, Issue:8 Topics: Designer Drugs; Dextromethorphan; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Ketamine; Nitrous Oxide; Substance-Related Disorders	2004
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Jun-30, Volume: 352, Issue:26 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, GABA; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	2005
Pharmacological aspects of the combined use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB): a review of the literature. Drug and alcohol review, 2005, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Anxiety; Body Temperature; Depression; Dopamine; Hallucinogens; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Norepinephrine; Psychomotor Disorders; Serotonin; Substance-Related Disorders	2005
Unravelling the brain targets of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Current opinion in pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Brain; Epilepsy, Absence; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Ligands; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Receptors, GABA-B; Sleep Stages; Substance-Related Disorders	2006
[Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid or "liquid ecstasy": a poisoning to come?]. Medicina clinica, 1998, Oct-17, Volume: 111, Issue:12 Topics: Blood-Brain Barrier; Dopamine Antagonists; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Substance-Related Disorders	1998
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid efficacy, potential abuse, and dependence in the treatment of alcohol addiction. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2000, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Outcome	2000
Safety and tolerability of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2000, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Substance-Related Disorders	2000
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: an evaluation of its rewarding properties in rats and mice. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2000, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Conditioning, Psychological; Hydroxybutyrates; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mice; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reinforcement, Psychology; Reward; Self Administration; Substance-Related Disorders	2000
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the treatment of alcohol and heroin dependence. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2000, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Alcoholism; Clinical Trials as Topic; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	2000
Abuse and therapeutic potential of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2000, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Brain; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	2000
Mechanism of the antialcohol effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2000, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Animals; Dopamine; Ethanol; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	2000

Trials

1 trial(s) available for 4-hydroxybutyric acid and Chemical Dependence

Article	Year
Relative abuse liability of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, flunitrazepam, and ethanol in club drug users. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Area Under Curve; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Central Nervous System Depressants; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Ethanol; Exotropia; Flunitrazepam; Half-Life; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Miosis; Mydriasis; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychomotor Performance; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sweating; Vomiting	2007

Article

Year

Relative abuse liability of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, flunitrazepam, and ethanol in club drug users.

Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:6

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Area Under Curve; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Central Nervous System Depressants; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Ethanol; Exotropia; Flunitrazepam; Half-Life; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Miosis; Mydriasis; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychomotor Performance; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sweating; Vomiting

2007

Other Studies

41 other study(ies) available for 4-hydroxybutyric acid and Chemical Dependence

Article	Year
Severe illicit gamma-hydroxybutyric acid withdrawal in a pregnant woman: what to do? BMJ case reports, 2019, Dec-02, Volume: 12, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	2019
Tapering with Pharmaceutical GHB or Benzodiazepines for Detoxification in GHB-Dependent Patients: A Matched-Subject Observational Study of Treatment-as-Usual in Belgium and The Netherlands. CNS drugs, 2020, Volume: 34, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Belgium; Benzodiazepines; Craving; Drug Tapering; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Netherlands; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult	2020
The prescribing cascade 3.0: a case for recreational drugs in HIV. AIDS (London, England), 2020, 07-01, Volume: 34, Issue:8 Topics: Alopecia; Anti-HIV Agents; Depression; Erectile Dysfunction; Fatigue; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Male; Substance-Related Disorders	2020
Treatment consumption and treatment re-enrollment in GHB-dependent patients in The Netherlands. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2017, 07-01, Volume: 176 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Netherlands; Patient Admission; Patient Readmission; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; Substance-Related Disorders	2017
Cross-sectional analysis of chemsex drug use and gonorrhoea diagnosis among men who have sex with men in the UK. Sexual health, 2019, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Gonorrhea; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Male; Methamphetamine; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; United Kingdom; Young Adult	2019
Case report: Another death associated to γ-hydroxybutyric acid intoxication. Forensic science international, 2019, Volume: 299 Topics: Adult; Beverages; Bile; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Liquid; Forensic Toxicology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gastrointestinal Contents; Hair; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Kidney; Liver; Male; Substance-Related Disorders	2019
Influence of Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid-Use and Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid-Induced Coma on Affect and the Affective Network. European addiction research, 2019, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Coma; Emotions; Hippocampus; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Netherlands; Self Report; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires	2019
Nurse's perspectives on care provided for patients with gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and gamma-butyrolactone abuse. Journal of clinical nursing, 2014, Volume: 23, Issue:17-18 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Female; Hospital Units; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Inpatients; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Practice Patterns, Nurses'; Psychiatric Nursing; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; Substance-Related Disorders	2014
Decision rules for GHB (γ-hydroxybutyric acid) detoxification: a vignette study. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014, Feb-01, Volume: 135 Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Cohort Studies; Decision Making; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Prospective Studies; Psychiatry; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult	2014
WHO expert committee on drug dependence. World Health Organization technical report series, 2012, Issue:973 Topics: Congresses as Topic; Drug and Narcotic Control; Drug Evaluation; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; International Cooperation; Ketamine; Psychotropic Drugs; Substance-Related Disorders; World Health Organization	2012
Catatonic stupor secondary to gamma-hydroxy-butyric acid (GHB)-dependence and -withdrawal syndrome. Psychiatria Danubina, 2014, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Catatonia; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Middle Aged; Stupor; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	2014
Assessment of the stability of exogenous gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in stored blood and urine specimens. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2015, Volume: 19, Issue:21 Topics: Adult; Autopsy; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Middle Aged; Specimen Handling; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders; Temperature; Time Factors	2015
Incidence of craving for and abuse of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in different populations of treated alcoholics: an open comparative study. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2009, Volume: 23, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Alcoholics; Alcoholism; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Middle Aged; Substance-Related Disorders	2009
Intoxications due to ingestion of gamma-butyrolactone: organ distribution of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and gamma-butyrolactone. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 2008, Volume: 30, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Brain; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Substance-Related Disorders; Tissue Distribution	2008
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and its relevance in neurology. Neurology, 2009, Jan-20, Volume: 72, Issue:3 Topics: Alcoholism; Brain; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Narcolepsy; Nervous System Diseases; Neurology; Neuroprotective Agents; Substance-Related Disorders; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase	2009
[The knowledge about "date rape drugs" among Polish students]. Przeglad lekarski, 2009, Volume: 66, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Crime Victims; Female; Flunitrazepam; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Incidence; Ketamine; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Poland; Rape; Risk-Taking; Sex Offenses; Students; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult	2009
[The knowledge about gamma-hydroxybutyric acid as by students of Physical Education Academy]. Przeglad lekarski, 2009, Volume: 66, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Doping in Sports; Female; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Physical Education and Training; Poland; Population Surveillance; Rape; Sex Distribution; Students; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult	2009
Commenting on"a review of tolerability and abuse liability of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for insomnia in patients with schizophrenia," by Kantrowitzet al. Clinical therapeutics, 2010, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Schizophrenia; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders	2010
Risk assessment of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in the Netherlands. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2012, Volume: 63, Issue:1 Topics: Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Legislation, Drug; Netherlands; Risk Assessment; Substance-Related Disorders	2012
New "lethal highs": a case of a deadly cocktail of GHB and Mephedrone. Forensic science international, 2012, Nov-30, Volume: 223, Issue:1-3 Topics: Adult; Cardiomegaly; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Designer Drugs; Forensic Toxicology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Methamphetamine; Pulmonary Edema; Substance-Related Disorders	2012
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: a medicine or a drug of abuse? Southern medical journal, 2002, Volume: 95, Issue:8 Topics: Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Substance-Related Disorders	2002
Drug-facilitated sexual assault involving gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Journal of forensic sciences, 2002, Volume: 47, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Middle Aged; Rape; Substance-Related Disorders; Unconsciousness; Urinalysis	2002
GHB poisoning: three recent cases reflect the continuing danger. Journal of emergency nursing, 2003, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Emergency Treatment; Female; Hospitals, Pediatric; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Male; Philadelphia; Substance-Related Disorders	2003
[Coma in a 21-year-old party attendant]. Der Internist, 2003, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Coma; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Overdose; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Substance-Related Disorders	2003
Forensic cases involving the use of GHB in The Netherlands. Forensic science international, 2003, Apr-23, Volume: 133, Issue:1-2 Topics: Automobile Driving; Cause of Death; Forensic Medicine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hallucinogens; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Netherlands; Substance-Related Disorders	2003
[Recognition and treatment of gamma hydroxybutyric acid poisoning]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2004, Apr-24, Volume: 148, Issue:17 Topics: Drug Overdose; Emergencies; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors	2004
Withdrawal syndrome from gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) in Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats. Brain research. Brain research protocols, 2005, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Butylene Glycols; Disease Models, Animal; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Morpholines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	2005
[Agitation and gamma-hydroxybutyrate]. Der Nervenarzt, 2006, Volume: 77, Issue:9 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Alcoholism; Commitment of Mentally Ill; Comorbidity; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Life Change Events; Male; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders; Video Recording	2006
Neuropharmacological profile of tetrahydrofuran in mice. Life sciences, 2007, Apr-10, Volume: 80, Issue:18 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Butylene Glycols; Furans; Hydroxybutyrates; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Motor Activity; Receptors, GABA; Substance-Related Disorders	2007
Use of urine organic acids method for the analysis of gamma-hydroxybutric acid (GHB): importance of urease in eliminating urea interference. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2007, Volume: 45, Issue:2 Topics: Drug Interactions; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders; Urea; Urease; Urine	2007
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. World Health Organization technical report series, 2006, Issue:942 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Advisory Committees; Azabicyclo Compounds; Buprenorphine; Butorphanol; Catha; Dronabinol; Drug and Narcotic Control; Drug Evaluation; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Ketamine; Piperazines; Psychotropic Drugs; Substance-Related Disorders; Thebaine; Tramadol; World Health Organization	2006
Treatment of narcolepsy with cataplexy. Lancet (London, England), 2007, Mar-31, Volume: 369, Issue:9567 Topics: Cataplexy; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Narcolepsy; Substance-Related Disorders	2007
Treatment of alcohol dependence with gamma hydroxybutyric acid. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2007, Volume: 115, Issue:5 Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Substance-Related Disorders	2007
Toxic ingestion of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Southern medical journal, 1999, Volume: 92, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Drug Overdose; Emergencies; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Substance-Related Disorders	1999
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: an endogenous neuromodulator with abuse potential? Trends in pharmacological sciences, 1999, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Opioid Peptides; Substance-Related Disorders; Synaptic Transmission	1999
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: a neurotransmitter, a medicine, a drug of abuse. Proceedings of the 8th Congress of the Italian Society on Biological Psychiatry. Naples, Italy, September 29-October 3, 1998. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2000, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Neurotransmitter Agents; Substance-Related Disorders	2000
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the right hands. Southern medical journal, 2000, Volume: 93, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Cataplexy; Drugs, Investigational; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Substance-Related Disorders	2000
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Thirty-second report. World Health Organization technical report series, 2001, Volume: 903 Topics: Amphetamines; Buprenorphine; Carisoprodol; Diazepam; Dibenzocycloheptenes; Diethylpropion; Dronabinol; Drug and Narcotic Control; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Narcotics; Papaver; Pentazocine; Psychotropic Drugs; Pyridines; Substance-Related Disorders; Tramadol; World Health Organization; Zolpidem	2001
[Use of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) at rave parties and in date rape in France: myth of reality?]. Acta clinica Belgica, 2002, Volume: 57 Suppl 1 Topics: Forensic Medicine; France; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Rape; Recreation; Retrospective Studies; Substance-Related Disorders	2002
Treatment of a 1,4-butanediol poisoning with fomepizole. Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 2002, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antidotes; Butylene Glycols; Coma; Fomepizole; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Pyrazoles; Seizures; Solvents; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Outcome	2002
Rapid colorimetric screening test for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (liquid X) in human urine. Forensic science international, 2002, Apr-18, Volume: 126, Issue:2 Topics: Colorimetry; Female; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Substance-Related Disorders	2002