4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and Pneumonia

Cooking-oil-fumes containing toxic components may induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to oxidize macromolecules and lead to acute lung injury. Our previous study showed that a decaffineated green tea extract containing (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-gallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate can inhibit oxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis. We determined whether the catechins supplement may reduce cooking-oil-fumes-induced acute lung injury in rat. In the urethane-anesthetized Wistar rat subjected to 30-120 min of cooking-oil-fumes exposure, blood ROS significantly increased in the recovery stage. After 30-min cooking-oil-fumes exposure, the enhanced blood ROS level further increased in a time-dependent manner during the recovery stage (321 +/- 69 counts/10 s after 1 h, 540 +/- 89 counts/10 s after 2 h, and 873 +/- 112 counts/10 s after 4 h). Four hours after 30-min cooking-oil-fumes exposure, lung lavage neutrophils and ROS as well as lung tissue dityrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal increased significantly. Two weeks of catechins supplememnt significantly reduced the enhanced lavage ROS, lung dityrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal level. Cooking-oil-fumes-induced oxidative stress decreased lung Bcl-2/Bax ratio and HSP70 expression, but catechins treatment preserved the downregulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio and HSP70 expression. We conclude that catechins supplement attenuates cooking-oil-fumes-induced acute lung injury via the preservation of oil-smoke induced downregulation of antioxidant, antiapoptosis, and chaperone protein expression.

Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Aldehydes; Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Catechin; Cooking; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Female; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Oils; Oxidative Stress; Pneumonia; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Time Factors; Tyrosine

A variety of mouse models have been used to study the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect of cigarette smoke (CS) is believed to be strain dependent, because certain mouse strains are more susceptible or resistant to development of emphysema. However, the molecular basis of susceptibility of mouse strains to effects of CS is not known. We investigated the effect of CS on lungs of most of the commonly used mouse strains to study the molecular mechanism of susceptibility to effects of CS. C57BL/6J, A/J, AKR/J, CD-1, and 129SvJ mice were exposed to CS for 3 consecutive days, and various parameters of inflammatory and oxidative responses were assessed in lungs of these mice. We found that the C57BL/6J strain was highly susceptible, the A/J, AKR/J, and CD-1 strains were moderately susceptible, and the 129SvJ strain was resistant to lung inflammatory and oxidant responses to CS exposure. The mouse strain that was more susceptible to effects of CS showed augmented lung inflammatory cell influx, activation of NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK, and increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and NF-kappaB-dependent proinflammatory cytokines compared with resistant mouse strains. Similarly, decreased levels of glutathione were associated with increased levels of lipid peroxidation products in susceptible mouse strains compared with resistant strains. Hence, we identified the susceptible and resistant mouse strains on the basis of the pattern of inflammatory and oxidant responses. Identification of sensitive and resistant mouse strains could be useful for studying the molecular mechanisms of effects of CS on inflammation and pharmacological interventional studies in CS-exposure mouse models.

Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Chemokines; Cytokines; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutathione; Histone Deacetylase 2; Histone Deacetylases; Lipid Peroxidation; Lung; Male; Malondialdehyde; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Mice; Mice, Inbred AKR; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NF-kappa B; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pneumonia; Repressor Proteins; Smoking; Species Specificity