4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and Hyperlipoproteinemia-Type-II

Oxidative stress contributes to lipid peroxidation and decreases nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in atherosclerosis. While long-chain (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are easily oxidized in vitro, they improve endothelial function. Hence, this study postulates that long-chain (n-3) PUFA decrease atherogenic oxidative stress in vivo. To test this, apoE(-/-) mice were fed a corn oil- or a fish oil (FO)-rich diet for 8, 14 or 20 weeks and parameters related to NO and superoxide (O(2)(.-)) plus markers of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative damage in the aortic root were evaluated. The FO-rich diet increased NO production and endothelial NO synthase (NOS) expression and lowered inducible NOS, p22(phox) expression and O(2)(.-)production after 14 and 20 weeks of diet. Protein lipoxidative damage (including 4-hydroxynonenal) was decreased after a long-term FO-diet. This supports the hypothesis that a FO-rich diet could counteract atherogenic oxidative stress, showing beneficial effects of long-chain (n-3) PUFA.

Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Aorta; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Corn Oil; Cytochrome b Group; Endothelium, Vascular; Fish Oils; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; NADPH Oxidases; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Oxidative Stress