4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and Dermatitis--Atopic

The effects of environmental insults on human health are a major global concern. Some of the most noxious pollutants that humans are exposed to include ozone (O

Topics: Air Pollutants; Aldehydes; Dermatitis, Atopic; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Psoriasis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Skin; Skin Aging; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Transcription Factors

Airway inflammation may be present in subjects affected by atopic dermatitis (AD) but still without asthma symptoms. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) reflects the composition of bronchoalveolar extracellular lining fluid that contains a large number of mediators of airway inflammation and oxidative damage..   We assessed inflammatory markers in the EBC of patients with AD. Fifty-six children (34 girls and 22 boys) were enrolled: 33 affected by AD and 23 healthy controls..   EBC was collected using a condenser device. We measured EBC pH and concentrations of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 8-isoprostane, H(2) O(2) , malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynoneal. Respiratory resistance was also evaluated..   EBC pH in patients with AD was significantly lower than in healthy children, median (range) being 8·02 (7·94-8·12) in AD vs. 8·11 (8·05-8·16) (P = 0·02). The values of exhaled 8-isoprostane and LTB4 were significantly increased in subjects with AD compared with normal controls (P < 0·01 and P < 0·001, respectively). There was increased 4-hydroxynoneal in patients with AD but this did not reach statistical significance. Evaluating respiratory resistance, no bronchoreversibility was demonstrated in the children with AD.. pH, LTB4 and 8-isoprostane in EBC could be sensitive markers of airway inflammation in children with AD. Prospective studies would be of interest to evaluate if airway inflammation, not yet clinically evident, could predict the development of asthma later in life in children with AD.

Topics: Airway Resistance; Aldehydes; Biomarkers; Breath Tests; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukotriene B4; Male; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress

The incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased in Japan, along with the number of patients with severe and treatment-resistant AD in urban and industrial areas. We hypothesize that these changes could be due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from environmental pollution and solar radiation.. To demonstrate whether direct oxidative protein damage of the stratum corneum of the biopsied skin from AD patients is increased when compared with controls.. Carbonyl moieties in skin biopsies from 75 patients with AD were assessed using both spectrophotometric and immunohistochemical detection of the formation of dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNP) from dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). These were compared with diseased and normal controls. Lipid peroxidation was also assessed by staining with antibody to 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), an aldehyde product of oxidized omega-6-fatty acids. In addition, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), an effective scavenger of ROS, was assessed and compared with controls.. The level of protein carbonyl moieties in patients' skin was elevated and correlated directly with the severity of the disease. In contrast, DNP formation was not significantly increased in diseased controls, when compared with healthy volunteers, and no statistical significance was found between the two control groups. SOD activity was increased except for those with extra-severe disease. Positive staining with anti-DNP antibody and anti-4-HNE antibody were found in the most superficial layers of the stratum corneum.. This study has found an association between AD severity and markers of ROS-associated damage, adding weight to the hypothesis that environmentally generated ROS may induce oxidative protein damage in the stratum corneum, leading to the disruption of barrier function and exacerbation of AD.

Topics: Adult; Aldehydes; Dermatitis, Atopic; Environmental Pollutants; Epidermis; Female; Humans; Hydrazines; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Severity of Illness Index; Superoxide Dismutase