4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and Coronary-Disease

Oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) may exert several pro-inflammatory effects that can contribute to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Evaluating a possible correlation between oxLDLs and clinical expression of CAD, we measured specific lipid peroxidation indices in healthy subjects and in patients at different clinical stages of CAD. We observed a slight, but not significant, increase in plasma content of cholesterol oxidation products, i.e. oxysterols, in all CAD patients, and a slight, but not significant, increase of 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts only in subjects with acute CAD. Moreover, CAD patients showed a plasma rise of specific inflammatory proteins, i.e. C-reactive protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and interleukin-8, but not of monocyte chemotactic protein-1. These preliminary data, without excluding an involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in CAD, do not show a strict correlation between relevant plasma markers, other than C-reactive protein, and acute phase of the disease.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aldehydes; Antigens, CD; Biomarkers; Blood Proteins; C-Reactive Protein; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Chemokine CCL2; Coronary Disease; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values

When lipid peroxidation takes place in plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL), a lot of aldehydes-derived epitopes are generated. To explore the relationship between these aldehydes-derived epitopes on apolipoprotein B (apo B) and coronary heart disease (CHD), we used both antibody against 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE)-derived epitopes and antibody against apo B to establish a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The sera from 160 normal controls as well as from 103 patients with CHD were tested by ELISA for the expression of HNE-derived epitopes on apo B. The measurements showed that the mean expression of HNE-epitopes in the patients with CHD (183.5 +/- 63.6 mg/L, n = 103) was higher than that of normal controls (133.3 +/- 47.5 mg/L, n = 160). The difference of the expression of HNE-epitopes on serum apo B between the patients and normal controls was statistically significant. The results analysed by a multiple regression demonstrated that the expression of HNE-epitopes, levels of LDL-cholesterol and age were positively related to CHD, while the levels of HDL-cholesterol and female were negatively related to CHD. Thus, it was proven for the first time that the enhanced expression of HNE-epitopes on apo B might be an independent risk factor of CHD.

Topics: Aldehydes; Apolipoproteins B; Cholesterol, LDL; Coronary Disease; Female; Humans; Immunodominant Epitopes; Male; Middle Aged