4-cresol-sulfate and Constipation

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between bowel habits and microbial-derived uremic toxins p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD).. The frequency of constipation assessed by BSS and Rome III criteria was 33% (n = 14/43) and 35% (n = 15/43), respectively. The BSS <3 exhibited higher PCS, independent of renal function and dietary protein-fiber ratio (β [95% confidence interval {CI}]: serum, total PCS = 1.54 [1.06-2.23], P = .02; serum free PCS = 1.40 [1.00-1.97], P = .05; urinary PCS = 1.78 [1.10-2.90], P < .02). According to the Rome III criteria, a tendency for a higher serum total PCS (β [95% CI]: 1.39 [0.95-2.03 μmol/L], P = .09) and a significantly higher urinary PCS (β [95% CI]: 1.80 [1.11-2.94 μmol/24 h], P = .02) was found in constipated participants. No effect of a compromised bowel habit (Rome III criteria or BSS) was found on IS.. Constipation may lead to production of PCS in nondiabetic NDD-CKD patients.

Topics: Constipation; Cresols; Cross-Sectional Studies; Defecation; Female; Humans; Indican; Male; Middle Aged; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Sulfuric Acid Esters