Page last updated: 2024-10-25

4-cresol and Uremia

4-cresol has been researched along with Uremia in 50 studies

4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd
p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.

Uremia: A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"To understand the impact of PC on bladder cancer progression, human bladder cancer TSGH8301 cells were treated PC with various concentration (25-100 μM)."1.51The uremic toxin p-cresol promotes the invasion and migration on carcinoma cells via Ras and mTOR signaling. ( Chang, HR; Hsu, YH; Huang, HP, 2019)
"Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) exhibit endothelial dysfunction, which may involve uremic retention solutes that accumulate in blood and tissues."1.32P-cresol, a uremic retention solute, alters the endothelial barrier function in vitro. ( Anfosso, F; Berland, Y; Brunet, P; Cerini, C; De Smet, R; Dignat-George, F; Dou, L; Glorieux, G; Moal, V; Sabatier, F; Sampol, J; Vanholder, R, 2004)
"Hippuric acid removal was more pronounced than that of the remaining protein-bound compounds (P<0."1.31Intradialytic removal of protein-bound uraemic toxins: role of solute characteristics and of dialyser membrane. ( De Smet, R; Dhondt, A; Duym, P; Lameire, N; Lesaffer, G; Vanholder, R, 2000)
" Dose-response curves confirmed that Al uptake and cell toxicity were proportional to p-cresol from 1."1.30P-Cresol, a uremic compound, enhances the uptake of aluminum in hepatocytes. ( Abreo, K; De Smet, R; Gautreaux, S; Ringoir, S; Sella, M; Vanholder, R; Vogeleere, P, 1997)

Research

Studies (50)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19901 (2.00)18.7374
1990's8 (16.00)18.2507
2000's21 (42.00)29.6817
2010's17 (34.00)24.3611
2020's3 (6.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Heaney, LM1
Yen, SC1
Liu, ZW1
Juang, RS1
Sahoo, S1
Huang, CH1
Chen, P1
Hsiao, YS1
Fang, JT1
Guerrero, F1
Carmona, A1
Obrero, T1
Jiménez, MJ1
Soriano, S1
Moreno, JA1
Martín-Malo, A1
Aljama, P1
Kamprom, W1
Tawonsawatruk, T1
Mas-Oodi, S1
Anansilp, K1
Rattanasompattikul, M1
Supokawej, A1
Vila Cuenca, M1
van Bezu, J1
Beelen, RHJ1
Vervloet, MG1
Hordijk, PL1
Hsu, YH1
Huang, HP1
Chang, HR1
Idziak, M1
Pędzisz, P1
Burdzińska, A1
Gala, K1
Pączek, L1
Noh, H1
Yu, MR1
Kim, HJ1
Jang, EJ1
Hwang, ES1
Jeon, JS1
Kwon, SH1
Han, DC1
Barnes, KJ1
Rowland, A1
Polasek, TM1
Miners, JO1
Salmean, YA1
Segal, MS1
Palii, SP1
Dahl, WJ1
Bosco, AM1
Pereira, PP1
Almeida, BF1
Narciso, LG1
Dos Santos, DB1
Santos-Neto, ÁJ1
Ferreira, WL1
Ciarlini, PC1
Kieffer, DA1
Piccolo, BD1
Vaziri, ND1
Liu, S1
Lau, WL1
Khazaeli, M1
Nazertehrani, S1
Moore, ME1
Marco, ML1
Martin, RJ1
Adams, SH1
Lee, CH1
Hung, YJ1
Shieh, YS1
Chien, CY1
Hsu, YJ1
Lin, CY1
Chiang, CF1
Huang, CL1
Hsieh, CH1
Pan, L1
Ye, X1
Ding, J1
Zhou, Y1
Tsujimoto, M2
Kinoshita, Y1
Hirata, S2
Otagiri, M2
Ohtani, H1
Sawada, Y1
Meijers, BK2
Van Kerckhoven, S1
Verbeke, K6
Dehaen, W2
Vanrenterghem, Y4
Hoylaerts, MF1
Evenepoel, P7
Higuchi, K1
Shima, D1
Yokota, H1
Furukubo, T1
Izumi, S1
Yamakawa, T1
Takara, K1
Nishiguchi, K1
Vanholder, R18
Bammens, B6
de Loor, H2
Glorieux, G7
Meijers, B1
Schepers, E4
Massy, Z2
Chang, MC1
Wang, TM1
Yeung, SY1
Jeng, PY1
Liao, CH1
Lin, TY1
Lin, CC1
Lin, BR1
Jeng, JH1
Neirynck, N1
Eloot, S1
Pletinck, A1
Mutsaers, HA1
Wilmer, MJ1
Reijnders, D1
Jansen, J1
van den Broek, PH1
Forkink, M1
van den Heuvel, LP1
Hoenderop, JG1
Masereeuw, R1
Koppe, L1
Pillon, NJ1
Vella, RE1
Croze, ML1
Pelletier, CC1
Chambert, S1
Dugenet, Y1
Soula, HA1
Fouque, D1
Soulage, CO1
Dou, L6
Cerini, C6
Brunet, P7
Guilianelli, C1
Moal, V2
Grau, G1
De Smet, R11
Sampol, J4
Berland, Y7
Dhondt, AW1
Vanholder, RC1
De Smet, RV1
Claus, SA1
Waterloos, MA2
Glorieux, GL1
Delanghe, JR1
Lameire, NH1
Lesaffer, G4
Belpaire, FM2
Van Vlem, B1
Van Hulle, M1
Cornelis, R2
Lameire, N5
D'Heuvaert, T1
Bertrand, E1
Faure, V4
Anfosso, F1
Sabatier, F2
Dignat-George, F3
De Preter, V1
Wernert, V1
Schäf, O1
Boulet, P1
Kuchta, B1
Denoyel, R1
Paul, P1
Meert, N1
Goeman, J1
Van der Eycken, J1
Weber, V1
Falkenhagen, D1
Van Landschoot, N1
Vogeleere, P2
Hoste, E1
Ringoir, S2
Niwa, T2
Ise, M1
Miyazaki, T1
Meada, K1
Hida, M1
Aiba, Y1
Sawamura, S1
Suzuki, N1
Satoh, T1
Koga, Y1
Abreo, K1
Sella, M1
Gautreaux, S1
Hsu, C1
De Kimpe, J1
Dhondt, A1
Duym, P1
Hohenegger, M1
Vermes, M1
Esposito, R1
Giordano, C1

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Effect of a Nutritional Supplement of Probiotics and/or Prebiotics vs Placebo on Serum Concentrations of Uremic Toxins and Inflammatory Cytokines in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.[NCT03770611]112 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-01-07Not yet recruiting
Effect of Probiotics on Modulating the Bacterial Translocation and Improving Micro-inflammation in Hemodialysis Patients[NCT02929225]Early Phase 150 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-31Completed
Effects of Synbiotics Supplementation on the Concentration of the Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate, Symptoms of Constipation, and Constipation-related Quality of Life in End-stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis[NCT04527640]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-09-15Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Reviews

6 reviews available for 4-cresol and Uremia

ArticleYear
Applying mass spectrometry-based assays to explore gut microbial metabolism and associations with disease.
    Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, 2020, 04-28, Volume: 58, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cresols; Fatty Acids, Volatile;

2020
An update on uremic toxins.
    International urology and nephrology, 2013, Volume: 45, Issue:1

    Topics: beta 2-Microglobulin; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cresols; Dialysis Solutions; Fibroblast G

2013
Protein-bound uremic retention solutes.
    Advances in renal replacement therapy, 2003, Volume: 10, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Cresols; Furans; Hippurates; Homocysteine; Humans; Indican; Propionates; Re

2003
p-cresol and uric acid: two old uremic toxins revisited.
    Kidney international. Supplement, 1997, Volume: 62

    Topics: Cresols; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Renal Insufficiency; Toxins, Biological; Uremia; Uric

1997
Protein-bound uremic solutes: the forgotten toxins.
    Kidney international. Supplement, 2001, Volume: 78

    Topics: Animals; Cresols; Furans; Hippurates; Homocysteine; Humans; Indican; Intestinal Mucosa; Kinetics; Pr

2001
Uremic toxins and peritoneal dialysis.
    Kidney international. Supplement, 2001, Volume: 78

    Topics: Animals; beta 2-Microglobulin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cresols; Cytokines; Glycation End Products,

2001

Trials

4 trials available for 4-cresol and Uremia

ArticleYear
Studies on dialysate mixing in the Genius single-pass batch system for hemodialysis therapy.
    Kidney international, 2003, Volume: 63, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Creatinine; Cresols; Female; Hemodialysis Solutions; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Mi

2003
Removal of the protein-bound solute p-cresol by convective transport: a randomized crossover study.
    American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2004, Volume: 44, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; beta 2-Microglobulin; Blood Proteins; Convection; Creatinine; Cresols; Cross-Over Studies; Equ

2004
Elevation of circulating endothelial microparticles in patients with chronic renal failure.
    Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, 2006, Volume: 4, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Annexin A5; Antigens, CD; Cadherins; CD146 Antigen; Cells, Cultured;

2006
Removal of the uremic retention solute p-cresol using fractionated plasma separation and adsorption.
    Artificial organs, 2008, Volume: 32, Issue:3

    Topics: Adsorption; Anion Exchange Resins; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; Cresols; Cross-Over Studies; Human

2008

Other Studies

40 other studies available for 4-cresol and Uremia

ArticleYear
Carbon Nanotube/Conducting Polymer Hybrid Nanofibers as Novel Organic Bioelectronic Interfaces for Efficient Removal of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins.
    ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2019, Nov-27, Volume: 11, Issue:47

    Topics: Adsorption; Cresols; Electronics; Hippurates; Humans; Indican; Nanotubes, Carbon; Polymers; Proteins

2019
Role of endothelial microvesicles released by p-cresol on endothelial dysfunction.
    Scientific reports, 2020, 06-30, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Cell Movement; Cell-Derived Microparticles; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Senescence; Cresols; Endotheli

2020
P
    International journal of medical sciences, 2021, Volume: 18, Issue:3

    Topics: Cells, Cultured; Cellular Senescence; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Cresols; Hea

2021
Stabilization of cell-cell junctions by active vitamin D ameliorates uraemia-induced loss of human endothelial barrier function.
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2019, 02-01, Volume: 34, Issue:2

    Topics: Actins; Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD; Cadherins; Cell Adhesion; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Cresols

2019
The uremic toxin p-cresol promotes the invasion and migration on carcinoma cells via Ras and mTOR signaling.
    Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 2019, Volume: 58

    Topics: Amides; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cresols; Everolimus; Humans; NF-kappa B

2019
Uremic toxins impair human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells functionality in vitro.
    Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie, 2014, Volume: 66, Issue:4

    Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Adhesion; Cell Membrane; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cresols

2014
Uremic toxin p-cresol induces Akt-pathway-selective insulin resistance in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
    Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio), 2014, Volume: 32, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Cresols; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Insulin

2014
Inhibition of human drug-metabolising cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzyme activities in vitro by uremic toxins.
    European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2014, Volume: 70, Issue:9

    Topics: Benzyl Alcohol; Cresols; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Glucuro

2014
Fiber supplementation lowers plasma p-cresol in chronic kidney disease patients.
    Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Cresols; Defecation; Dietary Fiber; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Renal

2015
Free p-Cresol Alters Neutrophil Function in Dogs.
    Artificial organs, 2016, Volume: 40, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cresols; Dogs; Female; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Neutrophils; Oxida

2016
Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats.
    American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 2016, 05-01, Volume: 310, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Cecum; Cresols; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hydrogen-Ion Concentratio

2016
Cilostazol inhibits uremic toxin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction: role of Axl signaling.
    American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 2017, 03-01, Volume: 312, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase; Cell Line; Cell Movement; Cell Survival; Cilostazol; Cresols;

2017
Antiproliferation effect of the uremic toxin para‑cresol on endothelial progenitor cells is related to its antioxidant activity.
    Molecular medicine reports, 2017, Volume: 15, Issue:4

    Topics: Catalase; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cresols; Endothelial Progenitor Cells; Gene Expression Regu

2017
Effects of uremic serum and uremic toxins on hepatic uptake of digoxin.
    Therapeutic drug monitoring, 2008, Volume: 30, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cresols; Digoxin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Furans; H

2008
The uremic retention solute p-cresyl sulfate and markers of endothelial damage.
    American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2009, Volume: 54, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cells, Cultured; Chronic Disease; Cresols; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans;

2009
Inhibitory effects of uraemic toxins 3-indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol on losartan metabolism in vitro.
    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 62, Issue:1

    Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cresols; Cytochrome P-450 CY

2010
Warning: the unfortunate end of p-cresol as a uraemic toxin.
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:5

    Topics: Cresols; Humans; Prognosis; Toxins, Biological; Uremia

2011
Antiplatelet effect by p-cresol, a uremic and environmental toxicant, is related to inhibition of reactive oxygen species, ERK/p38 signaling and thromboxane A2 production.
    Atherosclerosis, 2011, Volume: 219, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Cresols; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Environmental

2011
Uremic toxins inhibit renal metabolic capacity through interference with glucuronidation and mitochondrial respiration.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2013, Volume: 1832, Issue:1

    Topics: Cell Line; Cresols; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Electron Transport; Glucuronosy

2013
p-Cresyl sulfate promotes insulin resistance associated with CKD.
    Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2013, Volume: 24, Issue:1

    Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Cresols; Disease Models, Animal; Extracellular Signal-Re

2013
P-cresol, a uremic toxin, decreases endothelial cell response to inflammatory cytokines.
    Kidney international, 2002, Volume: 62, Issue:6

    Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Adhesion; Cells, Cultured; Cresols; Down-Regulation; Endothelium, Vascul

2002
Urinary excretion of the uraemic toxin p-cresol in the rat: contribution of glucuronidation to its metabolization.
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2003, Volume: 18, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cresols; Disease Models, Animal; G

2003
Comparative kinetics of the uremic toxin p-cresol versus creatinine in rats with and without renal failure.
    Kidney international, 2003, Volume: 64, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Creatinine; Cresols; Glucuronides; Hydrolysis; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Inb

2003
Removal of middle molecules and protein-bound solutes by peritoneal dialysis and relation with uremic symptoms.
    Kidney international, 2003, Volume: 64, Issue:6

    Topics: beta 2-Microglobulin; Cresols; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peritonea

2003
The uremic solutes p-cresol and indoxyl sulfate inhibit endothelial proliferation and wound repair.
    Kidney international, 2004, Volume: 65, Issue:2

    Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Division; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cresols; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; In

2004
P-cresol, a uremic retention solute, alters the endothelial barrier function in vitro.
    Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2004, Volume: 92, Issue:1

    Topics: Actins; Amides; Antigens, CD; Cadherins; Capillary Permeability; Cells, Cultured; Cresols; Cytoskele

2004
Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis for measurement of p-cresol and its conjugated metabolites in uremic and normal serum.
    Clinical chemistry, 2005, Volume: 51, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cresols; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucuronates; Glucuronides; Heating; Hum

2005
Time profiles of peritoneal and renal clearances of different uremic solutes in incident peritoneal dialysis patients.
    American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2005, Volume: 46, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascitic Fluid; beta 2-Microglobulin; Comorbidity; Creatinine; Cresols; Female; Follow-U

2005
Adsorption of the uremic toxin p-cresol onto hemodialysis membranes and microporous adsorbent zeolite silicalite.
    Journal of biotechnology, 2006, May-17, Volume: 123, Issue:2

    Topics: Adsorption; Cresols; Humans; Membranes, Artificial; Porosity; Renal Dialysis; Silicon Dioxide; Uremi

2006
The uremic solute p-cresol decreases leukocyte transendothelial migration in vitro.
    International immunology, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:10

    Topics: Cells, Cultured; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Cresols; Cytokines; Endothelial Cells; Gene Expression Regul

2006
P-cresylsulphate, the main in vivo metabolite of p-cresol, activates leucocyte free radical production.
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2007, Volume: 22, Issue:2

    Topics: Biomarkers; Cresols; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli; Free Radicals; Humans; Leukocytes; Respiratory Bu

2007
Mechanisms of uremic inhibition of phagocyte reactive species production: characterization of the role of p-cresol.
    Kidney international, 1995, Volume: 47, Issue:2

    Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cresols; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Phagocytes;

1995
Suppressive effect of an oral sorbent on the accumulation of p-cresol in the serum of experimental uremic rats.
    Nephron, 1993, Volume: 65, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adsorption; Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Carbon; Creatinine; Cresols; Female;

1993
Phenol and p-cresol accumulated in uremic serum measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection.
    Clinical chemistry, 1993, Volume: 39, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Creatinine; Cresols; Female; Humans; Male; Middle

1993
Inhibition of the accumulation of uremic toxins in the blood and their precursors in the feces after oral administration of Lebenin, a lactic acid bacteria preparation, to uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis.
    Nephron, 1996, Volume: 74, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bifidobacterium; Capsules; Cres

1996
Inhibition of the accumulation of uremic toxins in the blood and their precursors in the feces after oral administration of Lebenin, a lactic acid bacteria preparation, to uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis.
    Nephron, 1996, Volume: 74, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bifidobacterium; Capsules; Cres

1996
Inhibition of the accumulation of uremic toxins in the blood and their precursors in the feces after oral administration of Lebenin, a lactic acid bacteria preparation, to uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis.
    Nephron, 1996, Volume: 74, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bifidobacterium; Capsules; Cres

1996
Inhibition of the accumulation of uremic toxins in the blood and their precursors in the feces after oral administration of Lebenin, a lactic acid bacteria preparation, to uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis.
    Nephron, 1996, Volume: 74, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bifidobacterium; Capsules; Cres

1996
P-Cresol, a uremic compound, enhances the uptake of aluminum in hepatocytes.
    Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 1997, Volume: 8, Issue:6

    Topics: Aluminum; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cresols; Drug Synergism; L

1997
In vitro methylation of arsenite by rabbit liver cytosol: effect of metal ions, metal chelating agents, methyltransferase inhibitors and uremic toxins.
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Arsenites; Cresols; Cytosol; Edetic Acid; Enzyme Inhibitors; Homocysteine; Hypoxanthine; In

1999
p-cresol: a toxin revealing many neglected but relevant aspects of uraemic toxicity.
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 1999, Volume: 14, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Cresols; Humans; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Renal Dialysis; Uremia

1999
Intradialytic removal of protein-bound uraemic toxins: role of solute characteristics and of dialyser membrane.
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2000, Volume: 15, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Creatinine; Cresols; Female; Furans; Hippurates; Humans; Indican; Kidneys,

2000
Effect of some uremic toxins on oxygen consumption of rats in vivo and in vitro.
    Nephron, 1988, Volume: 48, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetoin; Animals; Cresols; Drug Combinations; Indoles; Male; Methylguanidine; Oxygen Consumption; Pu

1988