4-butyrolactone has been researched along with Drug Withdrawal Symptoms in 31 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 1 (3.23) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (3.23) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 12 (38.71) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 14 (45.16) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (9.68) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Lu, HQ; Wang, WJ | 1 |
| Brett, J; Ezard, N; Freeman, G; Lindsey, R; Roberts, DM; Rodgers, C; Siefried, KJ | 1 |
| Bargel, S; Bonnet, A; Boukerma, AK; Chevallier, C; Dufayet, L; Evrard, M; Guillotin, S; Loeuillet, E; Paradis, C; Pouget, AM; Reynoard, J; Vaucel, JA | 1 |
| Delic, M | 1 |
| Choudhuri, D; Cross, S; Dargan, PI; Ranjith, G; Wood, DM | 1 |
| Amore, M; Belvederi Murri, M; Cervetti, A; Ghio, L; Respino, M | 1 |
| Bosch, OG; Seifritz, E | 1 |
| Beurmanjer, H; Dijkstra, BA; Kamal, RM; Schellekens, A; van Noorden, MS; Wannet, W | 1 |
| Hohl-Radke, F; Staedt, J; Voss, M | 1 |
| Busch, HJ; Schwab, T; Supady, A | 1 |
| Duketis, E; Holtmann, M; Maier, J; Poustka, F; Radeloff, D; Wagner, A; Wöckel, L; Zepf, FD | 1 |
| Duketis, E; Holtmann, M; Maier, J; Poustka, F; Radeloff, D; Schirman, S; Wagner, A; Wöckel, L; Zepf, FD | 1 |
| Kravos, M | 1 |
| Bell, J; Collins, R | 1 |
| Bhattacharya, IS; Bruce, M; Watson, F | 1 |
| Blayac, JP; Boulenger, JP; Capdevielle, D; Deddouche, C; Eiden, C; Peyrière, H | 1 |
| Kashyap, GL; Patel, AG | 1 |
| Chwaluk, P; Rejmak, G | 1 |
| Bramness, JG; Haugland, S | 1 |
| Batalla, A; González, J; Ilzarbe, D; Soler, V | 1 |
| Knudsen, K; Mégarbane, B; Schep, LJ; Slaughter, RJ; Vale, JA | 1 |
| Palmer, RB | 1 |
| Nelson, LS; Tarabar, AF | 1 |
| Gibson, KM; Snead, OC | 1 |
| Brown, PR; Froestl, W; Gibson, KM; Goodwin, AK; Griffiths, RR; Jakobs, C; Weerts, EM | 1 |
| Carai, MA; Colombo, G; Gessa, GL; Lobina, C; Maccioni, P; Maher, TJ; Orru, A; Quang, LS | 1 |
| Wax, PM; Wojtowicz, JM; Yarema, MC | 1 |
| Castagna, F; Ferrara, SD; Frison, G; Gallimberti, L; Gessa, GL; Giorgetti, R; Palatini, P; Tedeschi, L | 1 |
| Clark, RF; Ly, BT; Schneir, AB | 1 |
| Aaron, CK; Burns, MJ; Greenberg, MJ; Sivilotti, ML | 1 |
| Engel, J; Liljequist, S | 1 |
12 review(s) available for 4-butyrolactone and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), 1,4-butanediol (1,4BD), and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) intoxication: A state-of-the-art review.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2023 |
Management and treatment of gamma butyrolactone withdrawal syndrome: a case report and review.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Barbiturates; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Solvents; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Treatment Outcome | 2014 |
The behavioural profile of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol in humans.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Central Nervous System Depressants; Circadian Rhythm; Eating; Humans; Sexual Behavior; Social Behavior; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2016 |
Pharmacological Treatment in γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) Dependence: Detoxification and Relapse Prevention.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Secondary Prevention; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders | 2017 |
[Withdrawal syndrome after abuse of GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate) and its physiological precursors - its relevance for child and adolescent psychiatrists].
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Butylene Glycols; Child; Critical Care; Delusions; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Interactions; Humans; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders | 2009 |
[Abuse of γ-hydroxybutyrate].
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Citric Acid Cycle; Drug Overdose; Europe; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Norway; Sodium Oxybate; Solvents; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders | 2011 |
The clinical toxicology of γ-hydroxybutyrate, γ-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Antidotes; Butylene Glycols; Charcoal; Humans; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Therapeutic Irrigation; Tissue Distribution | 2012 |
Gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol: abused analogues of gamma-hydroxybutyrate.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Body Temperature Regulation; Butylene Glycols; GABA Modulators; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders | 2004 |
The gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Humans; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders | 2004 |
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, GABA; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders | 2005 |
Withdrawal from gamma-hydroxybutyrate, 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone: a case report and systematic review.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Butylene Glycols; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Rhabdomyolysis; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2008 |
The effect of chronic ethanol administration on central neurotransmitter mechanisms.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Catecholamines; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Mice; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Propranolol; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Dopamine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 1979 |
19 other study(ies) available for 4-butyrolactone and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[A case of severe rhabdomyolysis after γ-butyrolactone withdrawal].
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Humans; Rhabdomyolysis; Solvents; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2022 |
Inpatient GHB withdrawal management in an inner-city hospital in Sydney, Australia: a retrospective medical record review.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Baclofen; Delirium; Diazepam; Female; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Medical Records; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2023 |
Inpatient management of GHB/GBL withdrawal.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Humans; Inpatients; Retrospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2019 |
Psychiatric aspects of acute withdrawal from gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its analogue gamma-butyrolactone (GBL): implications for psychiatry services in the general hospital.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Anxiety; Disease Management; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Hospitals, General; Humans; Male; Mental Health Services; Psychomotor Agitation; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Symptom Assessment | 2013 |
Severe delirium of uncertain origin in a german psychiatric unit - caused by gamma-butyrolactone withdrawal.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Delirium; Germany; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Psychiatric Department, Hospital; Solvents; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2008 |
["Liquid ecstasy": gamma-butyrolactone withdrawal delirium with rhabdomyolysis and dialysis dependent renal failure].
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Acute Kidney Injury; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Benzodiazepines; Clonidine; GABA Modulators; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Midazolam; Myoclonus; Renal Dialysis; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Insufficiency; Rhabdomyolysis; Solvents; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Young Adult | 2009 |
A 16-year-old boy with severe gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) withdrawal delirium.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adolescent; Central Nervous System Agents; Delirium; Humans; Male; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
Bupropion-associated premature ejaculation.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adolescent; Bupropion; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Ejaculation; Humans; Male; Solvents; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2010 |
Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) dependence and withdrawal.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Baclofen; Delirium; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Recurrence; Solvents; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2011 |
A case of γ-butyrolactone associated with severe withdrawal delirium and acute renal failure.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Acute Kidney Injury; Delirium; Humans; Male; Severity of Illness Index; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Young Adult | 2011 |
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like reaction precipitated by antipsychotics in a patient with gamma-butyrolactone withdrawal.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Clonazepam; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Injections, Intramuscular; Loxapine; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome; Psychomotor Agitation; Solvents; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders | 2011 |
Unusual presentation of a patient with GBL withdrawal: a case report.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Delirium; Hallucinations; Haloperidol; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Illicit Drugs; Lorazepam; Male; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2011 |
[Acute gamma-butyrolactone poisoning with withdrawal syndrome].
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Coma; Humans; Male; Solvents; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2011 |
[Withdrawal syndrome from abusive consumption of liquid ecstasy precursors].
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Confusion; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Psychomotor Agitation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2012 |
Chronic intragastric administration of gamma-butyrolactone produces physical dependence in baboons.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Catheters, Indwelling; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flumazenil; Food; GABA Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Male; Motor Skills; Muscle Relaxation; Organophosphorus Compounds; Papio anubis; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, GABA-B; Sleep; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors | 2006 |
Evaluation for the withdrawal syndrome from gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) in different rat lines.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Butylene Glycols; Female; Hydroxybutyrates; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2006 |
Therapeutic gamma-hydroxybutyric acid monitoring in plasma and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Alcoholism; Drug Monitoring; Ethanol; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Regression Analysis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1993 |
A case of withdrawal from the GHB precursors gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Emergencies; Humans; Lorazepam; Male; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; United States | 2001 |
Pentobarbital for severe gamma-butyrolactone withdrawal.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Arousal; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Pentobarbital; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Treatment Outcome | 2001 |