3-methylquercetin and Neoplasms

Due to the promising features of the ancient herbal plant Artemisia, its biologic activity has been investigated for use in modern medicine. In this regard, Artemisia and its active phytochemicals have been introduced as having antimalarial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antispasmodic, anthelmintic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents. In the case of cancer treatment, the plant species and its bioactive compounds target multiple pathways. Here we reviewed the scientific literature published up until 2018, which have explained the cytotoxic activity of the Artemisia species and their constituents. This review summarizes the published data found in PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. Here, studies about the cytotoxicity and antitumor action on cancer cells and tumor bearing animals are discussed. Also, detailed molecular pathways affected by the plant and the phytochemistry of the cytotoxic active components are presented. Among all species and chemical constituents, the active ones have been selected and discussed in detail. The cytotoxic comparison made here may open a window for future works and selection of agents for cancer chemotherapy.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Artemisia; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal

Phytoestrogens are class of natural compounds that shares structural similarity with estrogen and has the capacity to alter the fertilization in mammals. Till early 1990s, the natural phytoestrogens as well as their synthetic analogues were explored for their fertility modulating activity. During late 1990s, two findings renewed the interest on phytoestrogens as means to control hormone induced cancer: (i) revelation of overexpression of CYP1B1 in breast & ovarian cancer and (ii) protection offered by alphanapthoflavone (ANF) against hormone induced cancer. The objective of the review is to summarize the CYP1B1 inhibitory activity of phytoestrogens and their synthetic analogues reported till date. This review is an attempt to classify phytoestrogens and their synthetic analogues on their chemical architecture rather than simply by their chemical class (flavones, stilbenes etc.). This provides a broader sense to cluster many chemical classes under a particular chemical architecture/framework. Accordingly, we divided the phytoestrogen into three different classes based on two aryl groups (Ar) separated by linker (X), which may be either cyclic (c) or linear (l). The number in subscript to X denotes number of atoms: (i) Ar-cX

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Classification; Cluster Analysis; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Molecular Mimicry; Neoplasms; Phytoestrogens