3-methylcholanthrene has been researched along with Rhabdomyosarcoma in 71 studies
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.
3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.
Rhabdomyosarcoma: A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-induced mouse 10 embryonal (ERSs) and 24 pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas (PRSs) of the dermis were examined immunohistochemically for nuclear reactivity of Mdm2, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)." | 3.73 | Immunohistochemical analysis for Mdm2 and p53 proteins in methylcholanthrene-induced mouse rhabdomyosarcomas. ( Inoue, M; Wu, H, 2006) |
| "3-Methylcholanthrene (MC)-induced 10 embryonal (ERSs) and 24 pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas (PRSs) of the dermis in mouse were examined immunohistochemically for myogenin, p21 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) nuclear reactivity and myosin reactivity." | 3.73 | Immunohistochemical detection of myogenin and p21 in methylcholanthrene-induced mouse rhabdomyosarcomas. ( Inoue, M; Wu, H, 2006) |
| "Rhabdomyosarcomas were induced in mice by intramuscular injections of crystalline nickel sulfide and 3-methylcholanthrene." | 3.67 | Chromosomal changes in cell lines from mouse tumors induced by nickel sulfide and methylcholanthrene. ( Biggart, NW; Christie, NT; Murphy, EC; Tummolo, DM, 1988) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 62 (87.32) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 7 (9.86) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 2 (2.82) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 0 (0.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| CARINCI, P | 1 |
| FABRIZIO, AM | 1 |
| SCHLUMBERGER, HG | 1 |
| ZACK, G | 1 |
| Wu, H | 2 |
| Inoue, M | 2 |
| Oth, D | 5 |
| Burg, C | 8 |
| Matveev, VV | 3 |
| Stepan'ian, LI | 3 |
| Vakhtin, IuB | 10 |
| Hatakeyama, S | 1 |
| Mosevich, TN | 1 |
| Shvemberger, IN | 11 |
| Sicard-Rosenbaum, L | 2 |
| Lord, D | 1 |
| Danoff, JV | 2 |
| Thom, AK | 1 |
| Eckhaus, MA | 2 |
| Vernimmen, F | 1 |
| Verheye-Dua, F | 1 |
| du Toit, H | 1 |
| Böhm, L | 1 |
| Roberts, WG | 1 |
| Hasan, T | 1 |
| Guthrie, JA | 1 |
| Whitney, RB | 3 |
| Levy, JG | 3 |
| Takeuchi, J | 1 |
| Miura, K | 1 |
| Usizima, H | 1 |
| Katoh, Y | 1 |
| McMaster, R | 1 |
| Kelly, B | 1 |
| Kilburn, DG | 1 |
| Grinwich, KD | 1 |
| Alexander, TS | 1 |
| Cerny, J | 1 |
| Vaillier, D | 3 |
| Donner, M | 6 |
| Vaillier, J | 1 |
| De Jong, M | 1 |
| Coppee, MC | 1 |
| De Halleux, F | 1 |
| Deckers, C | 1 |
| Maisin, H | 1 |
| Bhisey, RA | 2 |
| Sirsat, SM | 2 |
| Smith, AG | 1 |
| Khodosova, IA | 2 |
| Borkhsenius, TV | 2 |
| Chernina, LA | 1 |
| Vogel, W | 1 |
| Kosmehl, H | 6 |
| Katenkamp, D | 6 |
| Langbein, L | 6 |
| Neupert, G | 2 |
| Stiller, KJ | 1 |
| Kiss, F | 1 |
| Ferdat, AK | 1 |
| Bruvere, RZh | 1 |
| Vitolin', LA | 1 |
| Petrovska, RG | 1 |
| Konstantinova, MF | 1 |
| Trusova, VD | 1 |
| Kent, CR | 1 |
| Blekkenhorst, GH | 1 |
| Semenova-Kobzar', RA | 1 |
| Kushko, LIa | 1 |
| Iudin, VM | 1 |
| Koval'chuk, EV | 1 |
| Berezhnaia, NM | 1 |
| Takagi, N | 1 |
| Ootsuyama, A | 1 |
| Tanooka, H | 1 |
| Christie, NT | 1 |
| Tummolo, DM | 1 |
| Biggart, NW | 1 |
| Murphy, EC | 1 |
| Novikov, LB | 1 |
| Ramchandani, AG | 1 |
| Fedorova, EV | 1 |
| Boeryd, B | 4 |
| Eriksson, O | 1 |
| Knutson, F | 1 |
| Lundin, PM | 1 |
| Norrby, K | 2 |
| Duprez, A | 1 |
| Robert, J | 1 |
| Kissel, P | 1 |
| Du Cluzel, O | 1 |
| Gardner, MB | 1 |
| Officer, JE | 1 |
| Rongey, RW | 1 |
| Estes, JD | 1 |
| Turner, HC | 2 |
| Huebner, RJ | 2 |
| Fridlianskaia, II | 2 |
| Whitmire, CE | 1 |
| Salerno, RA | 1 |
| Rabstein, LS | 1 |
| Chapman, AL | 1 |
| Bogner, P | 1 |
| Behbehani, AM | 1 |
| Ivashkevich, LG | 6 |
| Krüger, G | 1 |
| Ritter, K | 1 |
| Heidelberger, C | 1 |
| Iype, PT | 1 |
| Hagmar, B | 3 |
| Clarke, MA | 1 |
| Qureshi, SA | 1 |
| Zaman, H | 1 |
| Mellgren, J | 1 |
| Bartholdsson, E | 1 |
71 other studies available for 3-methylcholanthrene and Rhabdomyosarcoma
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Experimental rhadbomyosarcoma of striated muscles from microdoses of 20-methylcholanthrene in white rats].
Topics: Animals; Methylcholanthrene; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscle, Striated; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rhabdomyos | 1956 |
AN INDUCED TRANSMISSIBLE SARCOMA IN HAMSTERS: ELEVEN-YEAR OBSERVATION THROUGH 288 PASSAGES.
Topics: Animals; Cricetinae; Fibrosarcoma; Lymphatic Metastasis; Methylcholanthrene; Microscopy; Neoplasm Tr | 1965 |
Neoplasia in the parakeet. IV. Transplantable methylcholanthrene-induced rhabdomyosarcoma.
Topics: Animals; Methylcholanthrene; Neoplasms; Parakeets; Rhabdomyosarcoma | 1959 |
Immunohistochemical analysis for Mdm2 and p53 proteins in methylcholanthrene-induced mouse rhabdomyosarcomas.
Topics: Animals; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Immunohistochemistry; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Mic | 2006 |
Immunohistochemical detection of myogenin and p21 in methylcholanthrene-induced mouse rhabdomyosarcomas.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Nucleus; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Immunohistochemistr | 2006 |
Persistence of syngeneic preference given by a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma after four consecutive passages in F1 hybrids.
Topics: Animals; Female; Genetics; Male; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Rhabdomyosarcom | 1967 |
[Isolation of actomyosin from a skeletal muscle tumor of low differentiation].
Topics: Actomyosin; Animals; Contractile Proteins; In Vitro Techniques; Methods; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; M | 1984 |
[Selection for affinity to lung tissue in cell populations of experimental neoplasms].
Topics: Animals; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; R | 1980 |
Morphological changes of myofibril in the carcinogenetic course of 20-methylcholanthrene-induced rhabdomyosarcoma.
Topics: Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Male; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Musc | 1981 |
[Electron microscopic study of differentiation in rhabdomyoblast clone lines].
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Clone Cells; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Mice, In | 1980 |
Effects of continuous therapeutic ultrasound on growth and metastasis of subcutaneous murine tumors.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Lymphatic Metastasis; Methylchol | 1995 |
Effect of pentoxifylline on radiation damage and tumor growth.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Combined Modality Therapy; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Drug Scr | 1994 |
Tumor-secreted vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor influences photosensitizer uptake.
Topics: Animals; Capillary Permeability; Culture Media, Conditioned; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Endothelial | 1993 |
Effects of energy-matched pulsed and continuous ultrasound on tumor growth in mice.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Mice, | 1998 |
Effects of sera from tumor-bearing mice on mitogen and allogeneic cell stimulation of normal lymphoid cells.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Blood; Concanavalin A; Guinea Pigs; Lipopolysaccharides; Lymph Nodes; Lymph | 1975 |
Histological changes in the submandibular glands of rats after intraductal injection of chemical carcinogens.
Topics: 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide; 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Animals; Carcinoge | 1975 |
Identity of a T-lymphocyte inhibitor with mouse immunoglobulin in the serum of tumour-bearing mice.
Topics: Animals; Immune Sera; Immunoglobulins; Immunosuppression Therapy; Lymphocyte Activation; Methylchola | 1977 |
Evidence for a role for calcium in immunosuppression by tumor cells in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Female; Hemolytic Plaque Technique; Immunosuppress | 1978 |
[Growth stimulation of tumor cells in diffusion chambers implanted in mice bearing chemically induced tumors(author's transl)].
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Diffusion; Immunodiffusion; Ma | 1975 |
Immunosuppression and Carcinogenesis: effects of azathioprine on induction of sarcomas by 3-methylcholanthrene.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Immunosuppression Therapy; Methylcholanthrene; Rats; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Sarcom | 1977 |
Selective promoting activity of phorbol myristate acetate in experimental skin carcinogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Male; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplasms, | 1976 |
Studies on the effector cell of anti-tumour immunity in a chemically induced mouse tumour system.
Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Concanavalin A; Female; Immunity, Cellular; Immunization, Passive; Lipopolys | 1975 |
[Effect of ectopic transplantations on the cytological structure of mouse rhabdomyosarcomas].
Topics: Animals; Anterior Chamber; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Clone C | 1975 |
[Study of the isozyme makeup of the lactate dehydrogenase in rat and mouse rhabdomyosarcomas].
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Clone Cells; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neop | 1975 |
[Ultrastructure of the cellular elements of mouse rhabdomyosarcoma].
Topics: Animals; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Golgi Apparatus; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mic | 1975 |
Differentiation dependent matrix formation (fibronectin and laminin) in an experimental murine rhabdomyosarcoma model.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Female; Fibronectins; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Histocytochemistr | 1991 |
Experimental rhabdomyosarcoma with regions like malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)--a true double phenotypic pattern?
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Mice, Inbred | 1990 |
Experimentally induced murine rhabdomyosarcomas--correlation between cellular contacts, matrix formation and cellular differentiation.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Cell Adhesion; Cell Communication; Cell Differentiation; Extracellular Mat | 1990 |
Cytokeratin expression in experimental murine rhabdomyosarcomas. Intermediate filament pattern in original tumors, allotransplants, cell culture and re-established tumors from cell culture.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Keratins; Male; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Mice, Inb | 1989 |
Lectin histochemistry of experimental murine rhabdomyosarcomas.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Concanavalin A; Desmin; Female; Histocytochemistry; Immunohistochemistry; Le | 1989 |
Histological and immunohistochemical findings in experimental rhabdomyosarcomas. Comparisons between original tumors, tumor recurrences and allotransplants in nude mice.
Topics: Animals; Desmin; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Mice, Nude; Myoglobin | 1989 |
[Immunomodulation mechanisms in the anti-tumor effect of the ECHO-7 enterovirus].
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Enterovirus B, Human; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Male; Methylcholant | 1989 |
[Changes in primary heat sensitivity of rhabdomyosarcoma PA-2 cells in rats during selection for heat resistance].
Topics: Animals; Hot Temperature; Lung Neoplasms; Methylcholanthrene; Rats; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Selection, Gen | 1989 |
In vivo radiosensitization by diethyldithiocarbamate.
Topics: Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; Ditiocarb; Male; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; | 1988 |
[Effect of exogenous interleukin 2 on the functional activity of immunocompetent cells in mice with transplanted tumors].
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Female; Immunity, Cellular; Immunization; Interleukin-2; Lymph Nodes; Meth | 1986 |
[Actomyosin from a low-differentiation skeletal muscle tumor].
Topics: Actins; Actomyosin; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Electrophoresi | 1986 |
Cytological evidence for single-cell origin of tumors induced with 3-methylcholanthrene in female mice carrying Cattanach's translocation.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dosage Compensation, Genetic; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Genetic Marke | 1986 |
Chromosomal changes in cell lines from mouse tumors induced by nickel sulfide and methylcholanthrene.
Topics: Aneuploidy; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Southern; Carcinogenicity Tests; Chromosome Aberr | 1988 |
[Myosin and actin levels in poorly differentiated skeletal muscle tumors].
Topics: Actins; Animals; Fibroblasts; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Muscles; Myosins; Rhab | 1987 |
[Expression of various cellular oncogenes in rat rhabdomyosarcoma].
Topics: Animals; Methylcholanthrene; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Proto-Oncogenes; Rats; Rhabdomyosarcoma; RN | 1987 |
Ultrastructure of chemically induced mouse skin tumours.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Keratoacanthoma; Liposarcoma; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Rh | 1985 |
[Isozymes of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in normal and tumor tissues of various mouse strains and their hybrids].
Topics: Alleles; Animals; Crosses, Genetic; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Genes; Genetic Variation; I | 1985 |
On the viability of tumour cells in artificially produced suspensions.
Topics: Adenine; Animals; Autoradiography; Cell Division; DNA, Neoplasm; In Vitro Techniques; Methylcholanth | 1965 |
[Action of a BCG inoculation in F1 hybrids of the phenomenon of syngenic preference demonstrated by certain isologous tumors].
Topics: Animals; BCG Vaccine; Female; Hybridization, Genetic; Male; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplasm Trans | 1966 |
[Action of 5-fluoro-uracil on the synthesis of DNA by a methylcholanthrene-induced rhabdomyosarcoma in the C57-Br mouse].
Topics: Animals; DNA, Neoplasm; Fluorouracil; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Sarcoma, Experimen | 1966 |
[Synergic action of x-rays and of the ethylhydrazide of podophyllinic acid on a solid isologous tumor of the C3H mouse].
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Female; Inbreeding; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plants, | 1967 |
[Influence of antigen quantity on the immunity induced by specific antigens of syngenic solid murine tumors].
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Female; Immunity, Active; Male; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantatio | 1970 |
C-type RNA tumour virus genome expression in wild house mice.
Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Antigens; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Complement Fixa | 1971 |
[Effect of 20-methylcholanthrene on the activity of some enzymes in normal cell cultures].
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cell Line; Culture Techniques; Dactinomycin; | 1971 |
RNA tumor-virus antigen expression in chemically induced tumors. Virus-genome-specified common antigens detected by complement fixation in mouse tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene.
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Viral; Complement Fixation Tests; Female; Fibrosarc | 1971 |
A study of a new human tumor cell line (rhabdomyosarcoma).
Topics: Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; Chromosomes; Deoxyuridine; Dextrans; Ethylamines; Humans; | 1974 |
[Epigenetic variability in cell populations of mouse rhabdomyosarcoma].
Topics: Animals; Clone Cells; Genetic Variation; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Mice, Inbre | 1972 |
[Analysis of clone formation in vivo using "epigenetic markers"].
Topics: Animals; Clone Cells; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neoplasm | 1972 |
Release of a cytotoxic factor by murine spleen cells in the presence of a tumour allograft.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Graft Rejection; Immunity, Cellular; M | 1972 |
[Variation and selection in clone populations of murine rhabdomyosarcoma in vivo. I. Frequency of genomic mutations].
Topics: Aneuploidy; Animals; Cell Nucleus; Chromosome Aberrations; Clone Cells; DNA, Neoplasm; Methylcholant | 1972 |
[Variability of cell elements of myogenic and connective tissue tumors in rats].
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Cobalt; Mesenchymoma; Methylcholanthrene; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, | 1972 |
[In vivo quantitative analysis of immune reactions to solid murine tumors in syngeneic hosts].
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Antigens; Antigens, Neoplasm; Female; Immunosuppression Therapy; Male; Math | 1972 |
[Morphologic behavior of a fibrosarcoma following transplantation into various organs].
Topics: Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Glioma; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neop | 1970 |
Malignant transformation in vitro by carcinogenic hydrocarbons.
Topics: Animals; Benz(a)Anthracenes; Carcinoma; Culture Techniques; Fibrosarcoma; Liposarcoma; Lymphoma, Lar | 1967 |
Simultaneous decrease of tumor-specific antigenicity and "hybrid effect" in a murine methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma.
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Female; Histocompatibility; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; R | 1969 |
Effect of heparin, coumarin and -aminocaproic acid (EACA) on spontaneous metastasis formation. Influence on the moment of metastasis formation. Possible cytotoxic effect of heparin and coumarin in blood.
Topics: Aminocaproates; Animals; Coumarins; Heparin; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Methylcholanthren | 1969 |
[Obtaining transplantable clone lines of rat tumors].
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Clone Cells; Culture Techniques; Methods; Methylcholanthrene; Neoplasm Transplan | 1970 |
[Obtainment and characteristics of a continuous cell line from the C3H mouse rhabdomyosarcoma].
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Chromosomes; Clone Cells; Culture Techniques; Karyotyping; Methods; Methylcholan | 1970 |
[Dedifferentiation of mouse rhabdomyosarcomas in the process of passaging].
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experi | 1971 |
[Cytodifferentiation in primary tumors of mouse skeletal muscles].
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rhabdomyosarcoma | 1971 |
Effect of heparin, epsilon-aminocaproic acid and protamine on spontaneous metastasis formation from resectable tail-tumours.
Topics: Aminocaproates; Animals; Anticoagulants; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Heparin; Lung Neoplasms; Methylcho | 1968 |
Effect of heparin, epsilon-aminocaproic acid and coumarin on tumour growth and spontaneous metastasis formation.
Topics: Aminocaproates; Animals; Anticoagulants; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Coumarins; Heparin; Lung Neoplasms | 1968 |
The fine structure of methylcholanthrene-induced tumors in mice.
Topics: Animals; Culture Techniques; Fibrosarcoma; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Muscles; | 1969 |
The effect of small doses of prednisolone on the incidence of subcutaneous sarcomas induced by 3-methylcholanthrene in virgin female Swiss mice.
Topics: Animals; Fibrosarcoma; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Prednisolone; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Sarcoma, Experiment | 1966 |
A spontaneously metastasizing 20-methylcholanthrene-induced rhabdomyosarcoma and its transformation to ascites form in the CBA mouse.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Female; Injections, Intraperiton | 1966 |
Effect of heparin and plasminogen inhibitor (EACA) in brief and prolonged treatment on intravenously injected tumour cells.
Topics: Aminocaproates; Animals; Heparin; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplas | 1966 |