3-hydroxybutyric acid has been researched along with Inflammation in 72 studies
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.
3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.
Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " In the second set of experiments, hypertrophy of the adipocytes was suppressed, and the concentration of adiponectin and leptin in the adipose tissue decreased by MCT." | 3.91 | Effects of Medium-chain Triglycerides Administration in Chemically-induced Carcinogenesis in Mice. ( Akazawa, Y; Fujii, H; Fukushima, H; Hagio, K; Ichikawa, D; Kono, H; Maruyama, S; Nakata, Y; Wakana, H, 2019) |
| "Nine individuals with type 1 diabetes from a previously published cohort were investigated twice at Aarhus University Hospital using a 120 min infusion of insulin (3." | 2.84 | Metabolic effects of insulin in a human model of ketoacidosis combining exposure to lipopolysaccharide and insulin deficiency: a randomised, controlled, crossover study in individuals with type 1 diabetes. ( Jessen, N; Kampmann, U; Møller, N; Rittig, N; Svart, MV; Voss, TS, 2017) |
| "Immunity and inflammation have increasingly been explored in the pathogenesis and persistence of disorders, with cytokines and acute phase proteins well documented." | 1.72 | Temporal profiles describing markers of inflammation and metabolism during the transition period of pasture-based, seasonal-calving dairy cows. ( Burke, CR; Crookenden, MA; Heiser, A; Hickey, A; Kuhn-Sherlock, B; Phyn, CVC; Roche, JR; Spaans, OK, 2022) |
| "Sepsis is a life-threatening condition of organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated inflammation which predisposes patients to developing cardiovascular disease." | 1.72 | Exogenous ketone ester administration attenuates systemic inflammation and reduces organ damage in a lipopolysaccharide model of sepsis. ( Dyck, JRB; Ferdaoussi, M; Maayah, ZH; Martens, MD; Silver, HL; Soni, S; Takahara, S; Ussher, JR, 2022) |
| "Subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows, a common metabolic disorder during the perinatal period, is accompanied by systemic inflammation and a high concentration of blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB)." | 1.72 | β-hydroxybutyrate enhances bovine neutrophil adhesion by inhibiting autophagy. ( Batbaatar, T; Du, X; He, J; Lei, L; Li, D; Li, Y; Liu, G; Liu, M; Liu, S; Majigsuren, Z; Song, Y; Wang, K; Zeng, W, 2022) |
| ") clearly suppressed the absorption rate and IL-1β production in the placenta induced by LPS in pregnant mice." | 1.62 | β-hydroxybutyrate suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated placental inflammation and lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal absorption. ( Henmi, Y; Hirata, Y; Iwata, H; Karasawa, T; Komiyama, H; Kuwayama, T; Shimazaki, S; Shirasuna, K; Suzuki, S; Takahashi, H; Takahashi, M, 2021) |
| "Subclinical or clinical ketosis also led to greater activity of caspase 1 and protein abundance of caspase 1, NLRP3, Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9." | 1.62 | Oxidative stress, NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase apoptotic pathways are activated in mammary gland of ketotic Holstein cows. ( Cao, Z; Jia, H; Jiang, C; Liang, Y; Loor, JJ; Luo, S; Shao, G; Sun, X; Tang, Y; Xu, C; Xu, Q; Zhao, C, 2021) |
| "Pregnancy was diagnosed on d 31 and 59 of presumptive gestation." | 1.56 | Inflammatory diseases in dairy cows: Risk factors and associations with pregnancy after embryo transfer. ( Bromfield, JJ; Edelhoff, INF; Pereira, MHC; Santos, JEP; Vasconcelos, JLM, 2020) |
| "Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) present with important emotional, cognitive, and social impairments." | 1.56 | Gut Microbiota-Induced Changes in β-Hydroxybutyrate Metabolism Are Linked to Altered Sociability and Depression in Alcohol Use Disorder. ( Amadieu, C; Bindels, LB; Cani, PD; Colet, JM; Coste, V; de Timary, P; Delzenne, NM; Dricot, L; Furgiuele, S; Le Roy, T; Leclercq, S; Leyrolle, Q; Neyrinck, AM; Petit, G; Quoilin, C; Stärkel, P; Tagliatti, V; Verbeke, K, 2020) |
| "Cows with ketosis had triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver." | 1.51 | Hepatic nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome is over-activated in ketotic dairy cows. ( Du, X; Fang, Z; Li, X; Liu, G; Loor, JJ; Shen, T; Shi, Z; Wang, X; Xing, D; Zhu, Y, 2019) |
| "Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major challenge in liver surgery." | 1.51 | Up-regulation of FOXO1 and reduced inflammation by β-hydroxybutyric acid are essential diet restriction benefits against liver injury. ( Hirao, H; Kadono, K; Kawasoe, J; Miyauchi, T; Okajima, H; Terajima, H; Uchida, Y; Ueda, S; Uemoto, S; Watanabe, T, 2019) |
| "Palmitic acid (PA) is a main component of saturated fatty acids composing NEFA." | 1.51 | Palmitic Acid and β-Hydroxybutyrate Induce Inflammatory Responses in Bovine Endometrial Cells by Activating Oxidative Stress-Mediated NF-κB Signaling. ( Cheng, X; Guo, Y; He, J; Li, L; Li, P; Long, M; Yang, S; Zhang, C; Zhang, Y, 2019) |
| "Subclinical ketosis (SCK) may impair white blood cell (WBC) function and thus contribute to the risk of disease postpartum." | 1.51 | The role of altered immune function during the dry period in promoting the development of subclinical ketosis in early lactation. ( Amadori, M; Bionaz, M; Mezzetti, M; Minuti, A; Piccioli-Cappelli, F; Trevisi, E, 2019) |
| "Neuro-inflammation has been shown to play a critical role in the development of depression." | 1.46 | Beta-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenic NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, attenuates stress-induced behavioral and inflammatory responses. ( Duman, RS; Iitsuka, T; Iwata, M; Kajitani, N; Kamiya, N; Kaneko, K; Miura, A; Pu, S; Shirayama, Y; Tsunetomi, K; Wada, N; Watanabe, K; Yamanashi, T; Yamauchi, T, 2017) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 2 (2.78) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 37 (51.39) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 33 (45.83) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Saunders, MJ | 1 |
| Edwards, BS | 1 |
| Zhu, J | 1 |
| Sklar, LA | 1 |
| Graves, SW | 1 |
| Hirata, Y | 1 |
| Shimazaki, S | 1 |
| Suzuki, S | 1 |
| Henmi, Y | 1 |
| Komiyama, H | 1 |
| Kuwayama, T | 1 |
| Iwata, H | 1 |
| Karasawa, T | 1 |
| Takahashi, M | 1 |
| Takahashi, H | 1 |
| Shirasuna, K | 1 |
| Li, Z | 1 |
| Zhang, S | 1 |
| Zhang, Y | 4 |
| Chen, J | 2 |
| Wu, F | 1 |
| Liu, G | 4 |
| Chen, GQ | 1 |
| Ji, LW | 1 |
| Deng, Y | 2 |
| Li, T | 2 |
| Spaans, OK | 1 |
| Kuhn-Sherlock, B | 1 |
| Hickey, A | 1 |
| Crookenden, MA | 1 |
| Heiser, A | 1 |
| Burke, CR | 1 |
| Phyn, CVC | 1 |
| Roche, JR | 2 |
| Huang, J | 1 |
| Chai, X | 1 |
| Wu, Y | 1 |
| Hou, Y | 1 |
| Li, C | 2 |
| Xue, Y | 1 |
| Pan, J | 1 |
| Zhao, Y | 1 |
| Su, A | 1 |
| Zhu, X | 1 |
| Zhao, S | 1 |
| Huang, C | 1 |
| Wang, J | 2 |
| Liu, H | 2 |
| Huang, R | 1 |
| Yan, X | 1 |
| Song, M | 1 |
| Tan, G | 1 |
| Zhi, F | 1 |
| Kerwin, AL | 1 |
| Burhans, WS | 1 |
| Mann, S | 3 |
| Nydam, DV | 3 |
| Wall, SK | 1 |
| Schoenberg, KM | 2 |
| Perfield, KL | 1 |
| Overton, TR | 4 |
| Qi, J | 2 |
| Gan, L | 1 |
| Fang, J | 1 |
| Zhang, J | 1 |
| Yu, X | 1 |
| Guo, H | 1 |
| Cai, D | 1 |
| Cui, H | 1 |
| Gou, L | 1 |
| Deng, J | 1 |
| Wang, Z | 2 |
| Zuo, Z | 1 |
| Soni, S | 1 |
| Martens, MD | 1 |
| Takahara, S | 1 |
| Silver, HL | 1 |
| Maayah, ZH | 1 |
| Ussher, JR | 1 |
| Ferdaoussi, M | 1 |
| Dyck, JRB | 1 |
| Xu, Q | 2 |
| Fan, Y | 1 |
| Loor, JJ | 7 |
| Jiang, Q | 1 |
| Zheng, X | 1 |
| Yang, T | 1 |
| Sun, X | 2 |
| Jia, H | 2 |
| Li, X | 6 |
| Xu, C | 2 |
| Jameson, TSO | 1 |
| Islam, H | 1 |
| Wall, BT | 1 |
| Little, JP | 1 |
| Stephens, FB | 1 |
| Thio, CL | 1 |
| Lai, AC | 1 |
| Ting, YT | 1 |
| Chi, PY | 1 |
| Chang, YJ | 1 |
| von Renesse, J | 3 |
| von Bechtolsheim, F | 3 |
| Jonas, S | 3 |
| Seifert, L | 3 |
| Alves, TC | 3 |
| Seifert, AM | 3 |
| Komorek, F | 3 |
| Tritchkova, G | 3 |
| Menschikowski, M | 3 |
| Bork, U | 3 |
| Meisterfeld, R | 3 |
| Distler, M | 3 |
| Chavakis, T | 3 |
| Weitz, J | 3 |
| Funk, AM | 3 |
| Kahlert, C | 3 |
| Mirtschink, P | 3 |
| Bendridi, N | 2 |
| Selmi, A | 2 |
| Balcerczyk, A | 2 |
| Pirola, L | 2 |
| Liu, K | 1 |
| Li, Y | 4 |
| Ma, Y | 1 |
| Wang, Y | 1 |
| Fan, Z | 1 |
| Jiang, H | 1 |
| Bai, Z | 1 |
| Ou, Y | 1 |
| Si, Z | 1 |
| Liu, Y | 2 |
| Liu, X | 2 |
| Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Tan, N | 1 |
| He, J | 2 |
| Wang, K | 1 |
| Liu, M | 1 |
| Zeng, W | 1 |
| Li, D | 1 |
| Majigsuren, Z | 1 |
| Batbaatar, T | 1 |
| Liu, S | 1 |
| Du, X | 3 |
| Lei, L | 1 |
| Song, Y | 1 |
| Chandler, TL | 1 |
| Westhoff, TA | 1 |
| Behling-Kelly, EL | 1 |
| Sipka, AS | 1 |
| Jin, LW | 1 |
| Di Lucente, J | 1 |
| Ruiz Mendiola, U | 1 |
| Suthprasertporn, N | 1 |
| Tomilov, A | 1 |
| Cortopassi, G | 1 |
| Kim, K | 1 |
| Ramsey, JJ | 1 |
| Maezawa, I | 1 |
| Pascottini, OB | 1 |
| Carvalho, MR | 1 |
| Van Schyndel, SJ | 1 |
| Ticiani, E | 1 |
| Spricigo, JW | 1 |
| Mamedova, LK | 2 |
| Ribeiro, ES | 1 |
| LeBlanc, SJ | 1 |
| Shen, T | 2 |
| Zhu, Y | 2 |
| Wang, X | 3 |
| Xing, D | 2 |
| Shi, Z | 2 |
| Fang, Z | 2 |
| Bollatti, JM | 1 |
| Zenobi, MG | 1 |
| Artusso, NA | 1 |
| Lopez, AM | 1 |
| Nelson, CD | 1 |
| Barton, BA | 1 |
| Staples, CR | 1 |
| Santos, JEP | 2 |
| Wakana, H | 1 |
| Kono, H | 1 |
| Fukushima, H | 1 |
| Nakata, Y | 1 |
| Akazawa, Y | 1 |
| Maruyama, S | 1 |
| Hagio, K | 1 |
| Fujii, H | 1 |
| Ichikawa, D | 1 |
| Grabacka, M | 1 |
| Plonka, PM | 1 |
| Reiss, K | 1 |
| McCarthy, CS | 1 |
| Dooley, BC | 1 |
| Branstad, EH | 1 |
| Kramer, AJ | 1 |
| Horst, EA | 2 |
| Mayorga, EJ | 2 |
| Al-Qaisi, M | 2 |
| Abeyta, MA | 2 |
| Perez-Hernandez, G | 1 |
| Goetz, BM | 2 |
| Castillo, AR | 1 |
| Knobbe, MR | 1 |
| Macgregor, CA | 1 |
| Russi, JP | 1 |
| Appuhamy, JADRN | 1 |
| Ramirez-Ramirez, HA | 1 |
| Baumgard, LH | 3 |
| Møller, N | 4 |
| Goldberg, EL | 3 |
| Shchukina, I | 1 |
| Asher, JL | 2 |
| Sidorov, S | 1 |
| Artyomov, MN | 1 |
| Dixit, VD | 3 |
| Edelhoff, INF | 1 |
| Pereira, MHC | 1 |
| Bromfield, JJ | 1 |
| Vasconcelos, JLM | 1 |
| Rodriguez-Jimenez, S | 2 |
| Gorden, PJ | 2 |
| Kvidera, SK | 2 |
| Leclercq, S | 1 |
| Le Roy, T | 1 |
| Furgiuele, S | 1 |
| Coste, V | 1 |
| Bindels, LB | 1 |
| Leyrolle, Q | 1 |
| Neyrinck, AM | 1 |
| Quoilin, C | 1 |
| Amadieu, C | 1 |
| Petit, G | 1 |
| Dricot, L | 1 |
| Tagliatti, V | 1 |
| Cani, PD | 1 |
| Verbeke, K | 1 |
| Colet, JM | 1 |
| Stärkel, P | 1 |
| de Timary, P | 1 |
| Delzenne, NM | 1 |
| Kong, G | 1 |
| Liu, J | 1 |
| Li, R | 1 |
| Lin, J | 1 |
| Huang, Z | 2 |
| Yang, Z | 1 |
| Wu, X | 2 |
| Zhu, Q | 1 |
| Tang, Y | 1 |
| Jiang, C | 2 |
| Luo, S | 1 |
| Zhao, C | 2 |
| Liang, Y | 2 |
| Cao, Z | 1 |
| Shao, G | 1 |
| Xie, M | 1 |
| Li, Q | 1 |
| Xu, X | 1 |
| Ou, W | 1 |
| Xiao, H | 1 |
| Yu, H | 1 |
| Zheng, Y | 1 |
| Chen, G | 1 |
| Du, D | 1 |
| Zheng, W | 1 |
| Wang, S | 1 |
| Gong, M | 2 |
| Chen, Y | 3 |
| Tian, R | 1 |
| Thau-Zuchman, O | 1 |
| Svendsen, L | 1 |
| Dyall, SC | 1 |
| Paredes-Esquivel, U | 1 |
| Rhodes, M | 1 |
| Priestley, JV | 1 |
| Feichtinger, RG | 1 |
| Kofler, B | 1 |
| Lotstra, S | 1 |
| Verkuyl, JM | 1 |
| Hageman, RJ | 1 |
| Broersen, LM | 1 |
| van Wijk, N | 1 |
| Silva, JP | 1 |
| Tremoleda, JL | 1 |
| Michael-Titus, AT | 1 |
| Martins, LF | 1 |
| Menta, PR | 1 |
| Fernandes, L | 1 |
| Machado, VS | 1 |
| Neves, RC | 1 |
| Mose, M | 1 |
| Brodersen, K | 1 |
| Rittig, N | 3 |
| Schmidt, J | 1 |
| Jessen, N | 3 |
| Mikkelsen, UR | 1 |
| Jørgensen, JOL | 1 |
| Dickson, MJ | 1 |
| Abuajamieh, M | 1 |
| Snider, DB | 1 |
| Fernandez, MVS | 1 |
| Johnson, JS | 1 |
| Keating, AF | 1 |
| Green, HB | 1 |
| Svart, MV | 1 |
| Kampmann, U | 1 |
| Voss, TS | 1 |
| Yamanashi, T | 1 |
| Iwata, M | 1 |
| Kamiya, N | 1 |
| Tsunetomi, K | 1 |
| Kajitani, N | 1 |
| Wada, N | 1 |
| Iitsuka, T | 1 |
| Yamauchi, T | 1 |
| Miura, A | 1 |
| Pu, S | 1 |
| Shirayama, Y | 1 |
| Watanabe, K | 1 |
| Duman, RS | 1 |
| Kaneko, K | 1 |
| Ouyang, X | 1 |
| Hoque, R | 1 |
| Garcia-Martinez, I | 1 |
| Yousaf, MN | 1 |
| Tonack, S | 1 |
| Offermanns, S | 1 |
| Dubuquoy, L | 1 |
| Louvet, A | 1 |
| Mathurin, P | 1 |
| Massey, V | 1 |
| Schnabl, B | 1 |
| Bataller, RA | 1 |
| Mehal, WZ | 1 |
| Haerr, KJ | 1 |
| Trevisi, E | 4 |
| Cardoso, FC | 3 |
| Osorio, JS | 1 |
| Thomsen, HH | 1 |
| Johannsen, M | 1 |
| Møller, AB | 1 |
| Jørgensen, JO | 1 |
| Bucktrout, R | 1 |
| Yang, Y | 2 |
| Ye, Q | 1 |
| Peng, Z | 1 |
| Lv, B | 1 |
| Koutnik, AP | 1 |
| D'Agostino, DP | 1 |
| Egan, B | 1 |
| Kim, DH | 1 |
| Park, MH | 1 |
| Ha, S | 1 |
| Bang, EJ | 1 |
| Lee, Y | 1 |
| Lee, AK | 1 |
| Lee, J | 1 |
| Yu, BP | 1 |
| Chung, HY | 1 |
| Pires, JAA | 1 |
| Pawlowski, K | 1 |
| Rouel, J | 1 |
| Delavaud, C | 1 |
| Foucras, G | 1 |
| Germon, P | 1 |
| Leroux, C | 1 |
| Miyauchi, T | 1 |
| Uchida, Y | 1 |
| Kadono, K | 1 |
| Hirao, H | 1 |
| Kawasoe, J | 1 |
| Watanabe, T | 1 |
| Ueda, S | 1 |
| Okajima, H | 1 |
| Terajima, H | 1 |
| Uemoto, S | 1 |
| Li, P | 1 |
| Li, L | 2 |
| Zhang, C | 1 |
| Cheng, X | 1 |
| Guo, Y | 1 |
| Long, M | 1 |
| Yang, S | 2 |
| Shao, R | 1 |
| Jiang, R | 1 |
| Zhu, M | 1 |
| Tang, L | 1 |
| Zhang, L | 1 |
| Mezzetti, M | 1 |
| Minuti, A | 2 |
| Piccioli-Cappelli, F | 1 |
| Amadori, M | 2 |
| Bionaz, M | 1 |
| Malloy, VL | 1 |
| Perrone, CE | 1 |
| Mattocks, DA | 1 |
| Ables, GP | 1 |
| Caliendo, NS | 1 |
| Orentreich, DS | 1 |
| Orentreich, N | 1 |
| Yuan, K | 1 |
| Farney, JK | 1 |
| Sordillo, LM | 1 |
| Bradford, BJ | 1 |
| Fan, MR | 1 |
| Da, LC | 1 |
| Bai, L | 1 |
| Li, XQ | 1 |
| Chen, KF | 1 |
| Li-Ling, J | 1 |
| Yang, ZM | 1 |
| Xie, HQ | 1 |
| Yasui, T | 2 |
| McCann, K | 1 |
| Gilbert, RO | 1 |
| Fu, SP | 2 |
| Li, SN | 2 |
| Wang, JF | 2 |
| Xie, SS | 1 |
| Xue, WJ | 2 |
| Liu, HM | 2 |
| Huang, BX | 2 |
| Lv, QK | 2 |
| Lei, LC | 1 |
| Liu, GW | 1 |
| Wang, W | 2 |
| Liu, JX | 2 |
| Akbar, H | 1 |
| Grala, TM | 1 |
| Vailati Riboni, M | 1 |
| Verkerk, G | 1 |
| McGowan, J | 1 |
| Macdonald, K | 1 |
| Webster, J | 1 |
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| Matthews, L | 1 |
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| Zeng, YL | 1 |
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| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Role of ATGL and G0/G1 Switch Gene Complex in Lipopolysaccaride (LPS) Induced Ketosis - a Controlled, Randomised, Clinical Experimental Study[NCT02157155] | 9 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-06-30 | Completed | |||
| Keto-diet for Intubated Critical Care COVID-19 (KICC-COVID19)[NCT04358835] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-09-01 | Withdrawn (stopped due to Study did not begin enrollment, multiple competing studies at same institution) | |||
| Effects of Free Fatty Acids and 3-hydroxybutyrate on Protein, Glucose, Lipid Metabolism and Intracellular Signals; a Study on Muscle Wasting and Metabolism During Acute Inflammation and Potential Anabolic Mechanisms.[NCT01752348] | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-02-28 | Completed | |||
| COVID-19 Vaccination in Subjects With Obesity: Impact of Metabolic Health and the Role of a Ketogenic Diet[NCT05163743] | 24 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-05-23 | Recruiting | |||
| A Pilot Study Evaluating a Ketogenic Diet Concomitant to Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma[NCT05119010] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-03-24 | Recruiting | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
4 reviews available for 3-hydroxybutyric acid and Inflammation
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Beta-Hydroxybutyrate: A Dual Function Molecular and Immunological Barrier Function Regulator.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Diet, Ketogenic; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Ketone Bodies | 2022 |
Ketone Bodies as Metabolites and Signalling Molecules at the Crossroad between Inflammation and Epigenetic Control of Cardiometabolic Disorders.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Diet, Ketogenic; Epigenomics; Humans; Inflammation; Ketone Bodies | 2022 |
Ketone Bodies as Metabolites and Signalling Molecules at the Crossroad between Inflammation and Epigenetic Control of Cardiometabolic Disorders.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Diet, Ketogenic; Epigenomics; Humans; Inflammation; Ketone Bodies | 2022 |
Ketone Bodies as Metabolites and Signalling Molecules at the Crossroad between Inflammation and Epigenetic Control of Cardiometabolic Disorders.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Diet, Ketogenic; Epigenomics; Humans; Inflammation; Ketone Bodies | 2022 |
Ketone Bodies as Metabolites and Signalling Molecules at the Crossroad between Inflammation and Epigenetic Control of Cardiometabolic Disorders.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Diet, Ketogenic; Epigenomics; Humans; Inflammation; Ketone Bodies | 2022 |
Ketone Body, 3-Hydroxybutyrate: Minor Metabolite - Major Medical Manifestations.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cardiovascular System; Central Nervous System; Diabetes Mellitus; Ex | 2020 |
Anticatabolic Effects of Ketone Bodies in Skeletal Muscle.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetoacetates; Diet, Ketogenic; Humans; Inflammation; Ketone Bodies; Ketosis; | 2019 |
7 trials available for 3-hydroxybutyric acid and Inflammation
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Oral ketone monoester supplementation does not accelerate recovery of muscle force or modulate circulating cytokine concentrations after muscle-damaging eccentric exercise in healthy males and females.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Cytokines; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Ketones; Male; | 2022 |
Feed restriction to induce and meloxicam to mitigate potential systemic inflammation in dairy cows before calving.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Body Weight; C | 2019 |
Effects of rumen-protected choline on the inflammatory and metabolic status and health of dairy cows during the transition period.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; | 2020 |
Energetic metabolism, milk production, and inflammatory response of transition dairy cows fed rumen-protected glucose.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diet; Dietary Sup | 2020 |
Anabolic effects of oral leucine-rich protein with and without β-hydroxybutyrate on muscle protein metabolism in a novel clinical model of systemic inflammation-a randomized crossover trial.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Energy Metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation; Hum | 2021 |
Metabolic effects of insulin in a human model of ketoacidosis combining exposure to lipopolysaccharide and insulin deficiency: a randomised, controlled, crossover study in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Biopsy; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; | 2017 |
Effects of 3-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acids on muscle protein kinetics and signaling during LPS-induced inflammation in humans: anticatabolic impact of ketone bodies.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Biomarkers; Blotting, Western; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose Cla | 2018 |
61 other studies available for 3-hydroxybutyric acid and Inflammation
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
Topics: Animals; Biotinylation; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Green Fluorescent Pr | 2010 |
β-hydroxybutyrate suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated placental inflammation and lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal absorption.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infl | 2021 |
Applications and Mechanism of 3-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) for Prevention of Colonic Inflammation and Carcinogenesis as a Food Supplement.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Azoxymethane; Carcinogenesis; Colitis; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Dex | 2021 |
[Effect of Ketone Body β-Hydroxybutyrate to Attenuate Inflammation-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelial Cells].
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Cells, Cultured; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation | 2021 |
Temporal profiles describing markers of inflammation and metabolism during the transition period of pasture-based, seasonal-calving dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diet; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nones | 2022 |
β-Hydroxybutyric acid attenuates heat stress-induced neuroinflammation via inhibiting TLR4/p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways in the hippocampus.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Heat-Shock Response; Hippocampus; Inflammation; Mice; Microglia; Min | 2022 |
Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate ameliorates colitis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization through the STAT6-dependent signaling pathway.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Colitis; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Inflammati | 2022 |
Transition cow nutrition and management strategies of dairy herds in the northeastern United States: Part II-Associations of metabolic- and inflammation-related analytes with health, milk yield, and reproduction.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Biomarkers; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Fem | 2022 |
Exogenous ketone ester administration attenuates systemic inflammation and reduces organ damage in a lipopolysaccharide model of sepsis.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Esters; Inflammat | 2022 |
Effects of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) on endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory responses in adipose tissue of ketotic dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cattle; Cytokines; Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase; | 2022 |
The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate mitigates ILC2-driven airway inflammation by regulating mast cell function.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; | 2022 |
Tumour catabolism independent of malnutrition and inflammation in upper GI cancer patients revealed by longitudinal metabolomics.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Cachexia; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Inflammation; Leucine; Malnutri | 2023 |
Tumour catabolism independent of malnutrition and inflammation in upper GI cancer patients revealed by longitudinal metabolomics.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Cachexia; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Inflammation; Leucine; Malnutri | 2023 |
Tumour catabolism independent of malnutrition and inflammation in upper GI cancer patients revealed by longitudinal metabolomics.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Cachexia; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Inflammation; Leucine; Malnutri | 2023 |
Tumour catabolism independent of malnutrition and inflammation in upper GI cancer patients revealed by longitudinal metabolomics.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Cachexia; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Inflammation; Leucine; Malnutri | 2023 |
Tumour catabolism independent of malnutrition and inflammation in upper GI cancer patients revealed by longitudinal metabolomics.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Cachexia; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Inflammation; Leucine; Malnutri | 2023 |
Tumour catabolism independent of malnutrition and inflammation in upper GI cancer patients revealed by longitudinal metabolomics.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Cachexia; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Inflammation; Leucine; Malnutri | 2023 |
Tumour catabolism independent of malnutrition and inflammation in upper GI cancer patients revealed by longitudinal metabolomics.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Cachexia; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Inflammation; Leucine; Malnutri | 2023 |
Tumour catabolism independent of malnutrition and inflammation in upper GI cancer patients revealed by longitudinal metabolomics.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Cachexia; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Inflammation; Leucine; Malnutri | 2023 |
Tumour catabolism independent of malnutrition and inflammation in upper GI cancer patients revealed by longitudinal metabolomics.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Cachexia; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Inflammation; Leucine; Malnutri | 2023 |
D-beta-hydroxybutyrate protects against microglial activation in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice and BV-2 cells.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Lipo | 2023 |
β-Hydroxybutyric acid upregulated by Suhuang antitussive capsule ameliorates cough variant asthma through GSK3β/AMPK-Nrf2 signal axis.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Antitussive Agents; Asthma; Cough; Gl | 2023 |
β-hydroxybutyrate enhances bovine neutrophil adhesion by inhibiting autophagy.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Autophagy; Cattle; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Female; Inflammation; Ke | 2022 |
Eucalcemia during lipopolysaccharide challenge in postpartum dairy cows: I. Clinical, inflammatory, and metabolic response.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acute-Phase Proteins; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cytokines; Fatty Acid | 2023 |
The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate shifts microglial metabolism and suppresses amyloid-β oligomer-induced inflammation in human microglia.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Humans; Inflammation; Keto | 2023 |
Hepatic nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome is over-activated in ketotic dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Ca | 2019 |
Effects of Medium-chain Triglycerides Administration in Chemically-induced Carcinogenesis in Mice.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adipocytes; Adipokines; Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Aldehydes; Animal Feed; | 2019 |
Melanoma-Time to fast or time to feast? An interplay between PPARs, metabolism and immunity.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetoacetates; Animals; Arginine; Cell Nucleus; Humans; Immune System; Immuno | 2020 |
Ketogenesis activates metabolically protective γδ T cells in visceral adipose tissue.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diet, Ketogenic; Homeostasis; Inflammation; Intra-Abd | 2020 |
Inflammatory diseases in dairy cows: Risk factors and associations with pregnancy after embryo transfer.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Embryo Transfer; Endometritis; Female; Fert | 2020 |
Evaluating effects of zinc hydroxychloride on biomarkers of inflammation and intestinal integrity during feed restriction.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Cattle; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Edetic A | 2020 |
Gut Microbiota-Induced Changes in β-Hydroxybutyrate Metabolism Are Linked to Altered Sociability and Depression in Alcohol Use Disorder.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Alcoholism; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Behavior, Animal; Brain | 2020 |
Ketone Metabolite β-Hydroxybutyrate Ameliorates Inflammation After Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cell Line; Cytokines; Diet, Ketogenic; Down-Regulation; Inflammasome | 2021 |
Oxidative stress, NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase apoptotic pathways are activated in mammary gland of ketotic Holstein cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Apoptosis; Caspases; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Inflammasomes; | 2021 |
Targeting Mitochondria-Inflammation Circuit by β-Hydroxybutyrate Mitigates HFpEF.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; 3T3 Cells; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Acetylation; Aged; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory A | 2021 |
A new ketogenic formulation improves functional outcome and reduces tissue loss following traumatic brain injury in adult mice.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetylation; Animals; Ataxia; Brain; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Diet, Ketogen | 2021 |
Prolonged, low-grade inflammation in the first week of lactation: Associations with mineral, protein, and energy balance markers, and milk yield, in a clinically healthy Jersey cow cohort.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cattle; Cohort Studies; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Inflamma | 2021 |
Intentionally induced intestinal barrier dysfunction causes inflammation, affects metabolism, and reduces productivity in lactating Holstein cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Diet; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Gastr | 2017 |
Beta-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenic NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, attenuates stress-induced behavioral and inflammatory responses.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Cytokines; Depression; Hippoc | 2017 |
β-Hydroxybutyrate protects from alcohol-induced liver injury via a Hcar2-cAMP dependent pathway.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Central Nervous System Depressants; Cyclic AMP; Ethanol; Hepatocytes | 2018 |
Prepartal standing behavior as a parameter for early detection of postpartal subclinical ketosis associated with inflammation and liver function biomarkers in peripartal dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Biomarkers; Cattle; Catt | 2018 |
Impaired hepatic autophagic activity in dairy cows with severe fatty liver is associated with inflammation and reduced liver function.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Autophagosomes; Autophagy; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cattle; Energy | 2018 |
Anti-inflammatory action of β-hydroxybutyrate via modulation of PGC-1α and FoxO1, mimicking calorie restriction.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Aging; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Caloric Restriction; Gene Expressio | 2019 |
Undernutrition modified metabolic responses to intramammary lipopolysaccharide but had limited effects on selected inflammation indicators in early-lactation cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cattle; Diet; Eating; Energy Metabolism; Escherichia | 2019 |
Up-regulation of FOXO1 and reduced inflammation by β-hydroxybutyric acid are essential diet restriction benefits against liver injury.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Fasting; Forkhead Box Protein O1; Inflammation; Liver; Liver Disease | 2019 |
Palmitic Acid and β-Hydroxybutyrate Induce Inflammatory Responses in Bovine Endometrial Cells by Activating Oxidative Stress-Mediated NF-κB Signaling.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cattle; Cell Line; Endometrium; Female; Inflammation; NF-kappa B; Ox | 2019 |
β-Hydroxybutyrate exacerbates lipopolysaccharide/ d-galactosamine-induced inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis in mice.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Apoptosis; Caspases; Enzyme Activation; Galactosamine; Hepatocytes; | 2019 |
The role of altered immune function during the dry period in promoting the development of subclinical ketosis in early lactation.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Bilirubin; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Fema | 2019 |
Methionine restriction prevents the progression of hepatic steatosis in leptin-deficient obese mice.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diet; Disease Progression; Fatty Acids; F | 2013 |
TNFα altered inflammatory responses, impaired health and productivity, but did not affect glucose or lipid metabolism in early-lactation dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cattle; Eating; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nones | 2013 |
Tissue engineered esophagus scaffold constructed with porcine small intestinal submucosa and synthetic polymers.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Actins; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Marrow Cells; Caproates; Cell | 2014 |
Associations of cytological endometritis with energy metabolism and inflammation during the periparturient period and early lactation in dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Endometritis; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acid | 2014 |
BHBA suppresses LPS-induced inflammation in BV-2 cells by inhibiting NF-κB activation.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cell Line; I-kappa B Proteins; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Mi | 2014 |
Body condition score at calving affects systemic and hepatic transcriptome indicators of inflammation and nutrient metabolism in grazing dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Body Composition; Cattle; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nonesterif | 2015 |
Anti-inflammatory effects of BHBA in both in vivo and in vitro Parkinson's disease models are mediated by GPR109A-dependent mechanisms.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cells, Cultured; | 2015 |
The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Aged; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Caspase 1; Cryopyrin-Associated Perio | 2015 |
The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Aged; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Caspase 1; Cryopyrin-Associated Perio | 2015 |
The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Aged; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Caspase 1; Cryopyrin-Associated Perio | 2015 |
The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Aged; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Caspase 1; Cryopyrin-Associated Perio | 2015 |
The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Aged; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Caspase 1; Cryopyrin-Associated Perio | 2015 |
The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Aged; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Caspase 1; Cryopyrin-Associated Perio | 2015 |
The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Aged; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Caspase 1; Cryopyrin-Associated Perio | 2015 |
The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Aged; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Caspase 1; Cryopyrin-Associated Perio | 2015 |
The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Aged; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Caspase 1; Cryopyrin-Associated Perio | 2015 |
Taming the inflammasome.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Atherosclerosis; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gout; Humans; I | 2015 |
Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin during the periparturient period on innate and adaptive immune responses, systemic inflammation, and metabolism of dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fatty Acids, Nonesterifi | 2015 |
Associations of peripartum markers of stress and inflammation with milk yield and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Androstanes; Animals; Biomarkers; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Energy Metabolism; | 2015 |
Analysis of Mineral Elements, Metabolism, and Inflammation Indexes in the Plasma of Dairy Cows Suffering from Different Degrees of Lameness.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Blood Glucose; Calcium; Cattle; Cholesterol; Chromium; Copper; Femal | 2015 |
GPR109A Expression in the Murine Min6 Pancreatic Beta Cell Line, and Its Relation with Glucose Metabolism and Inflammation.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplas | 2015 |
Abundance of ruminal bacteria, epithelial gene expression, and systemic biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation are altered during the peripartal period in dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Butyrivibrio; Cattle; Cell Proliferation; | 2015 |
Cortisol secretion in response to metabolic and inflammatory challenges in dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Area Under Curve; Biological Transport; Blood Glucose; Cattle; Cattl | 2015 |
Associations between the degree of early lactation inflammation and performance, metabolism, and immune function in dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Energy Metaboli | 2016 |
NMR-based metabonomics and correlation analysis reveal potential biomarkers associated with chronic atrophic gastritis.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Arginine; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Chronic Disease; Disease Progress | 2017 |
β-Hydroxybutyrate Deactivates Neutrophil NLRP3 Inflammasome to Relieve Gout Flares.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Diet, Ketogenic; Female; Gout; Humans; Infl | 2017 |
Metabolic stress and inflammatory response in high-yielding, periparturient dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Ceruloplasmin; Cytokines; Da | 2012 |
Caprylic acid infusion acts in the liver to decrease food intake in rats.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Appetite Depressants; Caprylates; Catheterization, Peripheral; Corti | 2006 |
Biocompatibility of polyhydroxybutyrate microspheres: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Survival; In Vitro Techniques; Inflamm | 2008 |