25-hydroxyvitamin-d-2 and Hyperglycemia

To examine cross-sectional relationships between plasma vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults.. Data were collected from interviews, physical examinations and biomarker measurements. Total plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using LC-tandem MS. Associations between 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic risk factors were modelled using weighted linear regression with robust estimates of standard errors.. Individuals born in Jerusalem during 1974-1976.. Participants of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study (n 1204) interviewed and examined at age 32 years. Participants were oversampled for low and high birth weight and for maternal pre-pregnancy obesity.. Mean total 25(OH)D concentration among participants was 21·7 (sd 8·9) ng/ml. Among males, 25(OH)D was associated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (natural log-transformed, β=-0·011, P=0·004) after adjustment for BMI. However, these associations were not present among females (P for sex interaction=0·005).. We found evidence for inverse associations of 25(OH)D with markers of insulin resistance among males, but not females, in a healthy, young adult Caucasian population. Prospective studies and studies conducted on other populations investigating sex-specific effects of vitamin D on cardiometabolic risk factors are warranted.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adult; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Calcifediol; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyperinsulinism; Hyperlipidemias; Insulin Resistance; Israel; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Overweight; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency

To estimate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and maternal hyperglycaemia (post-load glucose concentration ≥ 7.5 mmol/l).. Pregnant women (n = 429; 61% black, 36% obese, 45% smokers) enrolled in a cohort study at <16 weeks gestation. Non-fasting blood samples were assayed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at enrolment. At 24-28 weeks gestation, maternal hyperglycaemia was determined using a 50-g 1-h oral glucose challenge test.. A total of 67% of women had 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations < 50 nmol/l and 11% had maternal hyperglycaemia. Among smokers, each 23-nmol/l increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was associated with a reduction in the odds of maternal hyperglycaemia [odds ratio: 0.30 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.68)] after adjustment for parity, race/ethnicity, age, pre-pregnancy BMI, marital status, income, family history of diabetes, and gestational age of gestational diabetes mellitus screening. Among non-smokers, we found no association between early pregnancy vitamin D status and maternal hyperglycaemia.. Smoking status may modify the relationship between poor maternal vitamin D status and maternal hyperglycaemia.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Calcifediol; Cohort Studies; Female; Hospitals, University; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pennsylvania; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Smoking; Vitamin D Deficiency; Young Adult

The classical consequence of vitamin D deficiency is osteomalacia, but recent insights into the function of vitamin D suggest that it may play a role in other body systems as well. The objective of this study was to examine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and markers of glucose metabolism (n = 593), global cognitive functioning (n = 116) and depression (n = 118) in European elderly participating in the SENECA study. Moreover, we wanted to explore whether the observed associations of 25(OH)D with depression and global cognitive performance were mediated by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels.. Cross-sectional associations between 25(OH)D and FPG, fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a marker of insulin resistance, were estimated from multiple regression analyses. Associations of 25(OH)D with global cognitive functioning (Mini Mental State Examination) and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale) were examined using Poisson regression.. An inverse association was observed between 25(OH)D and FPG (β-0.001), indicating a 1 % decrease in FPG per 10 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D, but after full adjustment for demographic factors, lifestyle factors and calcium intake, this association was not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Although participants with intermediate and high serum 25(OH)D levels showed a tendency towards a lower depression score after adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors, RR and 95 % CI: 0.73 (0.51-1.04) and 0.76 (0.52-1.11), respectively, these findings were not statistically significant.. An inverse association of 25(OH)D with depression and FPG was observed, but this association was not statistically significant. There was no association between 25(OH)D with FPI and HOMA-IR or with global cognitive functioning. More studies are needed to further explore the possible role of vitamin D in the various body systems.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Aged; Aging; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Calcifediol; Cognition Disorders; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dementia; Depression; Europe; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D intake may play a key role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.. We evaluated associations of dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake with the 20-y incidence of metabolic syndrome.. Data from 4727 black and white young men and women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study were used to examine relations of dietary plus supplemental vitamin D intake with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (as defined by Adult Treatment Panel, third report, guidelines) and the prevalence of its components, including abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, and high glucose, low HDL, and high triglyceride concentrations.. The intake of vitamin D from dietary and supplemental sources was inversely related to the 20-y cumulative prevalence of abdominal obesity (P = 0.05) and high glucose (P = 0.02) and low HDL (P = 0.004) concentrations after adjustment for age, sex, race, education, center, and energy intake. In comparison with the lowest intake quintile (quintile 1), HRs (95% CIs) of developing incident metabolic syndrome for quintiles 2-5 of vitamin D intake were 0.82 (0.67, 1.00), 0.84 (0.68, 1.03), 0.70 (0.56, 0.88), and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.02), respectively (P-trend = 0.03) after adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors.. In young adults, the dietary plus supplemental vitamin D intake was inversely related to the development of incident metabolic syndrome over 20 y of follow-up. These findings support the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to increase intakes of vitamin D-rich foods, such as milk and fish.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adult; Black or African American; Calcifediol; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Incidence; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity, Abdominal; Prevalence; Risk Factors; United States; Urban Health; Vitamin D; White People

To examine the prospective associations of baseline vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D] with insulin resistance (IR), β-cell function, and glucose homeostasis in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes.. We followed 489 subjects, aged 50 ± 10 years, for 3 years. At baseline and follow-up, 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were administered. IR was measured using the Matsuda index (IS(OGTT)) and the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), β-cell function was determined using both the insulinogenic index divided by HOMA-IR (IGI/IR) and the insulin secretion sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2), and glycemia was assessed using the area under the glucose curve (AUC(glucose)). Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, season, and baseline value of the outcome variable, as well as baseline and change in physical activity, vitamin D supplement use, and BMI.. Multivariate linear regression analyses indicated no significant association of baseline 25(OH)D with follow-up IS(OGTT) or HOMA-IR. There were, however, significant positive associations of baseline 25(OH)D with follow-up IGI/IR (β = 0.005, P = 0.015) and ISSI-2 (β = 0.002, P = 0.023) and a significant inverse association of baseline 25(OH)D with follow-up AUC(glucose) (β = -0.001, P = 0.007). Progression to dysglycemia (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes) occurred in 116 subjects. Logistic regression analyses indicated a significant reduced risk of progression with higher baseline 25(OH)D (adjusted odds ratio 0.69 [95% CI 0.53-0.89]), but this association was not significant after additional adjustment for baseline and change in BMI (0.78 [0.59-1.02]).. Higher baseline 25(OH)D independently predicted better β-cell function and lower AUC(glucose) at follow-up, supporting a potential role for vitamin D in type 2 diabetes etiology.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adult; Algorithms; Body Mass Index; Calcifediol; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Ontario; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency