25-hydroxyvitamin-d-2 and Body-Weight

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) used to prognosticate and measure the amount of energy required. Vitamin D is known as a new predictor of RMR. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between vitamin D effects on RMR in connection with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) gene expression.. We enrolled 298 overweight and obese adults in this cross-sectional study. Body mass index (BMI), fat mass, fat-free mass, insulin level, visceral fat, and vitamin D status were assessed. RMR was measured by means of indirect calorimetry. The real-time polymerase chain reaction using specific primer pairs for VDR and PGC-1α was performed.. There were significant differences in terms of fat free mass, fat percentage, insulin levels, RMR/kg body weight, and RMR/BMI, VDR, and PGC-1α among participants were categorized based on the vitamin D status. But after using general linear model for adjusting, all significant results missed their effectiveness except RMR/kg body weight and VDR. Linear regression analysis used to show the mediatory role of VDR and PGC-1α on the RMR/kg body weight and vitamin D status relationship. Our results showed that VDR had a mediatory effect on the relationship between RMR/kg body weight and vitamin D status (β = 0.38, 95% CI -0.48 to 1.60; β = -1.24, 95% CI -5.36 to 1.70). However, PGC-1α did not affect the relationship between RMR/kg body weight and vitamin D status (β = 0.50, 95% CI = -0.02 to 3.42; β = 0.59, 95% CI 0.14-3.90).. Our study showed the mediatory effect of VDR gene expression in the association of 25(OH)2D plasma levels and resting metabolic rate among obese individuals.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adult; Basal Metabolism; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Overweight; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Receptors, Calcitriol

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Age Factors; Animals; Body Weight; Bone Neoplasms; Calcifediol; Case-Control Studies; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Osteosarcoma; Vitamins

Cross-sectional associations between low physical performance and inflammatory biomarkers have been reported in healthy subjects and in persons with specific disease conditions. In asymptomatic subjects, whether the inverse association between physical fitness and inflammatory biomarkers is dependent or is independent of fat mass, a significant source of inflammatory cytokines, and is independent of age, muscle mass and strength, endocrine, metabolic, and lifestyle factors is not known. Two hundred and twenty asymptomatic women aged 20 to 72years with a C-reactive protein <5mg/L were assessed for their mean speed over the 6-minute walking test (6MWS) and their serum IL-6, as well as body height, body weight, body lean and fat mass (measured by DXA), waist-to-hip ratio, grip and knee extension strength, physical activities (quantified by the QUANTAP questionnaire), tobacco consumption, serum 25(OH) vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), estradiol (E2), free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), calcium, albumin, and creatinine. In the stepwise multiple linear regression model, a 6MWS in the highest quartile (over 1.4m/s) was associated with lower values of serum IL-6 (p=0.02) and with higher values of grip strength (p=0.04) and creatinine (p=0.04). In conclusion, present results demonstrate that the relationship between lower levels of serum IL-6 and higher values of physical fitness in asymptomatic women is independent of age, body composition, and lifestyle, endocrine and metabolic confounders. It remains to be determined whether the inverse relationship between IL-6 and fitness reflects the presence of preclinical inflammatory diseases that could potentially influence fitness in asymptomatic women.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Aging; Biomarkers; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Interleukin-6; Life Style; Menopause; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Muscle Strength; Odds Ratio; Physical Fitness; Reference Values; Smoking; Waist-Hip Ratio; Walking; White People

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D analogs and peak bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm(2)) in young men. The cohort consisted of 78 healthy young males with a mean age of 22.6 years at baseline. BMD of the total body, hip, and spine and lean body mass were measured at baseline and at follow-up 2 years later. Blood samples were assayed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D(2) (25OHD(2)), 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25OHD(3)), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) at baseline using high-performance liquid chromatography. Levels of 25OHD(3) significantly correlated to BMD at all sites and to lean body mass (r = 0.23-0.35, P < 0.05). In contrast, levels of 25OHD(2) significantly negatively correlated with BMD of the total body (r = -0.28, P = 0.01) and spine (r = -0.27, P = 0.02). BMD was then adjusted for the influence of age, body weight, body height, and physical activity (hours/week). Level of 25OHD(3) was then found to be an independent predictor of BMD of the total body (beta = 0.24, P = 0.03) and spine (beta = 0.25, P = 0.03), while level of 25OHD(2) was an independent negative predictor at the same sites (beta = -0.23 for both, P = 0.03). There was a negative association between levels of 25OHD(3) and 25OHD(2) (r = -0.31, P = 0.006). In summary, our novel results suggest an inverse relationship between 25OHD(3) and 25OHD(2) and an opposite relationship of these vitamin D analogs to BMD in young men.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adult; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Cohort Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Osteocalcin; Parathyroid Hormone; Time Factors; Vitamin D

Thalassaemia/haemoglobinopathy is a hereditary disease causing increased erythropoiesis and expansion of the bone marrow cavity. As a consequence, there is a reduction in trabecular bone tissue resulting in osteopenia/osteoporosis. The present study was performed to assess bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents with beta-thalassaemia disease and to determine biochemical and hormonal changes that may affect BMD.. Forty-eight children and adolescents with beta-thalassaemia were divided into two groups, transfusion-dependent (TD) (n = 16) and transfusion-independent (TI) (n = 32). All patients were treated suboptimally. BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone maturation was assessed by radiographic bone age (BA). Blood and urine samples were obtained for the determination of biochemical and hormonal profiles, which included PTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, IGF-1, fT4, TSH and urine deoxypyridinoline.. Most of the patients were short and underweight, and they had delayed BA with mean Z-scores of -2.77 in the TD and -2.04 in TI groups. The mean Z-scores of BMD in the TD vs. TI groups of total body, radius, femoral neck and lumbar spine were -2.09 vs.-1.49, -0.73 vs. -0.54, -1.93 vs.-1.17 and -3.45 vs.-2.43, respectively. Although the means BMD values in the TD group were lower than those in the TI group, they were not significantly different. Mean serum IGF-1 levels were lower in the TD than the TI groups, 11.6 and 24.9 nmol/l, respectively (P < 0.05). Other biochemical and hormonal profiles did not differ between these two groups.. Patients with undertransfused severe beta-thalassaemia had more bone marrow expansion, lower serum IGF-1 levels and more delayed bone age than did patients with untransfused moderately severe beta-thalassaemia. Therefore, the severity of the disease appeared to be a primary factor for low bone mineral density in undertransfused patients in association with bone age delay and low serum IGF-1.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adolescent; Age Determination by Skeleton; beta-Thalassemia; Blood Transfusion; Body Height; Body Weight; Bone Density; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythropoiesis; Female; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Male; Puberty, Delayed; Statistics, Nonparametric

Low oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia) may occur in the neonate or women in the postpartum period. Administration of inhalation anesthetic may be required in this period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 7 d of hypoxia on the neonatal rat pup and lactating dam without or with acute halothane anesthesia on serum calcium and calciotropic hormones. Ionized calcium was not altered by hypoxia or halothane administration. Hypoxia from birth had no effect on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) in 7-d-old rat pups (48+/-4 pg/mL). Halothane increased PTH in rat pups (74+/-8 pg/mL). The effect of halothane was not augmented in hypoxic pups. Hypoxia for 7 d had no effect on serum PTH in lactating dams (23+/-3 pg/mL). Halothane resulted in an increase in PTH (106+/-17 pg/mL). When halothane was administered to hypoxic lactating dams, a striking increase in serum PTH was observed (401+/-50 pg/mL). We hypothesize that halothane and hypoxia alter parathyroid gland function by a direct effect on cellular calcium dynamics. This interaction may have clinical significance in hypoxic patients requiring general anesthesia.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Calcium; Female; Halothane; Hypoxia; Lactation; Osteocalcin; Parathyroid Hormone; Parturition; Phosphates; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BALB/CANNHSD female mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) (20 ng/day) or 19-nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 (100 ng/day) for 7 days and then given the same dose every other day thereafter until day 17 for measuring cell-mediated immunity and on day 33 for observing immunoglobulin production. To observe Ig production, the mice were immunized with an injection of hemocyanin (150 microgram/0.1 ml, i.p.) on day 8. On the day 7, 15 and 20 after immunization, the IgG1, and on day 17 and 20, the IgG3 levels in 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 19-nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 groups were significantly lower than in the control group. To measure cell-mediated immunity, mice were sensitized with dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) on the shaved abdominal skin. The number of thymic lymphocytes and their stimulation index were significantly reduced by 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 19-nor-1,25-(OH)2D2. These results demonstrate that 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 19-nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 can suppress immunoglobulin production and thymic lymphocyte proliferation in vivo. 19-Nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 at doses of 100 ng/day was less effective than 1,25-(OH)2D3 at doses of 20 ng/day.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Animals; Body Weight; Calcitriol; Calcium; Cell Separation; Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Ergocalciferols; Female; Hemocyanins; Immunoglobulins; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Steroid Hydroxylases; Thymus Gland

The effect of starvation and sampling time on plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, total plasma calcium concentration and whole blood ionized calcium concentration was determined in the rat. Starvation caused a significant fall in total and ionized calcium concentrations as well as in alkaline phosphatase activity. These changes were accompanied by a fall in whole blood pH and an increase in the anion gap and a decrease in urinary excretion of calcium. These indices were restored to normal following refeeding. There was no change in serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations following starvation for 3 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity showed a pattern compatible with the presence of a circadian rhythm when sampling took place between 0800 and 1800 h. Total and ionized calcium concentrations did not show such a rhythm when animals were fed the present diet.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Body Weight; Calcium; Circadian Rhythm; Ergocalciferols; Homeostasis; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Starvation; Time Factors

Fourteen very low birthweight infants (mean +/- SD 1,070 +/- 180 g and 29.3 +/- 1.9 weeks gestation) fed their own mother's milk were clinically followed until 3-4 months of age with frequent measurements of serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin, and urine calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. These infants were matched for birthweight and gestation with 14 infants (1,075 +/- 152 g and 29.0 +/- 1.7 weeks) who had been similarly followed during concomitant studies of infants fed standard formula (Similac 20 cal/oz). Urine phosphorus was markedly lower in the breast milk-fed group from initiation of feedings, and serum phosphorus became significantly lower at and after 6 weeks of age. The fall in serum phosphorus was accompanied by a marked calciuria. Parathyroid hormone was suppressed in the breast milk-fed group, although serum calcium was not elevated and did not differ from formula-fed infants. A high incidence of moderate-severe hypomineralization on radiographs was seen in both breast milk- and formula-fed groups. Six of 14 breast-fed infants required phosphorus supplementation at 8-10 weeks of age because of significant hypophosphatemia, hypercalciuria, and hypomineralization. These infants differed from those not requiring phosphorus supplements by being smaller at birth but not of lower gestation, and having persistently low serum 25-OHD at and after 6 weeks of age.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Alkaline Phosphatase; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Calcium; Ergocalciferols; Homeostasis; Humans; Infant Food; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Magnesium; Milk, Human; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus; Serum Albumin; Time Factors

A cross-sectional study was carried out of 412 healthy and 226 chronically malnourished children in Recife, Brazil. Anthropometric measurements, x-rays of hands and wrists, and biochemical data related to skeletal growth were obtained. Levels of plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D were measured in both groups of children and both showed higher concentrations than those reported for normal European children. The high levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D found in these two groups of Brazilian children are probably the result of the intense solar radiation in this part of Brazil and argue against the diet being an important source of vitamin D in poorly nourished children. Some bone abnormalities were seen in the underprivileged group of children but in view of our findings these were more likely to be a result of protein-energy malnutrition than rickets.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adolescent; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Development; Brazil; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Ergocalciferols; Female; Humans; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Radiography; Socioeconomic Factors; Vitamin D

In order to investigate vitamin D metabolism in insulin-deficient diabetic rats, plasma vitamin D metabolites were measured at various periods after induction of diabetes by iv administration of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). After STZ injection, plasma insulin was significantly decreased and plasma urea nitrogen increased with the duration of diabetes, while plasma creatinine remained unchanged. Plasma calcium, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) progressively decreased. On the other hand, plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) did not change at any period, but the ratio of 1,25(OH)2D to 25(OH)D became high in proportion to the severity of hypocalcaemia. Since significantly lower 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D levels were observed at the later stage of diabetes, it is suggested that the altered vitamin D metabolism in diabetes is secondary to the disturbances in metabolic homeostasis derived form the insulin deficiency.

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Weight; Calcifediol; Calcitriol; Calcium; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Ergocalciferols; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Insulin; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Function Tests; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Animals; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Cholesterol; Ergocalciferols; Liver; Methylprednisolone; Rabbits; Triglycerides; Vitamin D

Combined therapy of epileptic children with phenobarbital (PB) and phenytoin (DPH) significantly decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) levels, whereas PB alone significantly increased serum 25-OH-D levels after one to two months of therapy [Sumi et al, 1978]. Studies were conducted in rats to test the hypothesis suggested by the human studies that DPH and PB had different effects on Vitamin D metabolism. Male Wistar rats treated for five days with PB (75 mg/kg/day) had significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) levels (7.1 +/- 1.6 ng/dl, mean +/- SD) compared to controls (12.0 +/- 4.0 ng/dl) and significantly (P less than 0.005) increased conversion of [3H]-vitamin D into [3H]-25-OH-D and [3H]-24,25-(OH)2D, but no increased conversion into [3H]-25-(OH)2D. Age- and weight-matched rats treated for five days with DPH (75 mg/kg/day), however, had significantly (P less than 0.03) decreased 25-OH-D levels (41.9 +/- 5.7 ng/ml) compared to controls (52.4 +/- 4.4 ng/ml) and significantly (P less than 0.01) increased conversion into [3H]-1,25-(OH)2D. These results are consistent with clinical data, which suggest that different alterations in vitamin D metabolism occur after short-term DPH versus PB therapy.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Ergocalciferols; Male; Parathyroid Hormone; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vitamin D