24-25-dihydroxyvitamin-d-3 and Kidney-Diseases

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; Absorption; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anticonvulsants; Calcifediol; Calcitriol; Calcium; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Digestive System Diseases; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Fanconi Syndrome; Female; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Hypocalcemia; Hypoparathyroidism; Hypophosphatemia, Familial; Infant, Newborn; Kidney Diseases; Kinetics; Liver Diseases; Menopause; Neoplasms; Osteomalacia; Osteoporosis; Rickets; Vitamin D

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Bone and Bones; Calcifediol; Calcium; Child; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Female; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Kidney Diseases; Middle Aged; Osteomalacia; Phosphates; Pregnancy; Rickets; Vitamin D

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Animals; Calcitriol; Calcium; Chick Embryo; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Dogs; Ergocalciferols; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Pregnancy; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

In sarcoidosis, renal involvement includes hypercalcemia-related nephrocalcinosis and granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis. Hypercalcemia is thought to be due to increased production of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1-25D), but 1-25D levels have not been evaluated in sarcoidosis patients with renal dysfunction.. We enrolled 9 sarcoidosis patients who underwent renal biopsy, and compared the serum 1-25D concentration and eGFR with those in 428 non-sarcoidosis patients who had renal dysfunction (stage 2 or higher CKD with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90).. Serum calcium and 1-25D levels were significantly higher in the sarcoidosis patients than in the non-sarcoidosis patients (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively). There was a positive correlation between 1-25D and eGFR in the patients without sarcoidosis (r = 0.693; p < 0.01). As the renal function of sarcoidosis patients was improved by steroid therapy, the serum 1-25D and adjusted serum calcium levels decreased to near the median values in non-sarcoidosis patients. On renal biopsy, CD68 staining was positive for tissue macrophages in all 8 patients who had tubulointerstitial nephritis (with or without typical granulomas), while Von Kossa staining showed calcification of tubules near or inside granulomas in 6 of these 8 patients.. While tissue macrophages promote development of tubulointerstitial nephritis and 1-25D overproduction in renal sarcoidosis, hypercalcemia secondary to elevation of 1-25D may be related to renal calcification and granuloma formation.

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biopsy; Calcium; Cohort Studies; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Nephritis, Interstitial; Retrospective Studies; Sarcoidosis; Steroids; Young Adult

Plasma concentrations of three major vitamin D3 metabolites, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3), 24R, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25-(OH)2D3), and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3), were determined serially in patients with gynecological malignancies treated by chemotherapy which included cisplatin. While 25-OHD3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 levels did not change regularly, 1,25-(OH)2D3 decreased significantly (50%) after only one or two courses of the treatment in all cases. In concert with declining 1,25-(OH)2D3, the PTH levels increased two or three times. The results were explained by the impairment by cisplatin of mitochondrial function in proximal tubules in the kidney.

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase; Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Calcifediol; Calcitriol; Cisplatin; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin; Epirubicin; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Mitomycin; Parathyroid Hormone; Vitamin D

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; Animals; Appetite; Atrophy; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Calcitriol; Dogs; Female; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Parathyroid Glands

Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D], and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1 alpha,25(OH)2D] were measured in ten cadmium (Cd)-exposed subjects and five non exposed subjects. The Cd-exposed subjects were divided into two groups according to serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D levels. No significant differences for 25(OH)D were found between the Cd-exposed group with low or normal serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D and the non exposed group. The concentrations of 24,25(OH)2D were the lowest in the Cd-exposed group with low serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D, highest in the non exposed group, and significantly lower in the Cd-exposed group with normal serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D than in the non exposed group. Renal function was much worse in the Cd-exposed group with low serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D than in the group with normal serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D. These findings indicate that Cd initially disturbs hydroxylation from 25(OH)D to 24,25(OH)2D and then disturbs hydroxylation from 25(OH)D to 1 alpha,25(OH)2D. The decrease of serum 24,25(OH)2D and 1 alpha,25(OH)2D in Cd-exposed subjects is not due to a decrease of the serum 25(OH)D level.

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; Adult; Aged; Cadmium; Calcifediol; Calcitriol; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Female; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged

By use of a single-cartridge system, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] is extracted and purified from a plasma or serum sample. Proteins are removed and 1,25(OH)2D is liberated from the sample with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract is applied to the nonpolar octadecylsilanol silica cartridge, in which 1,25(OH)2D is retained while polar compounds are eluted. Then by "phase-switching" on the same cartridge, 1,25(OH)2D is sufficiently resolved from other vitamin D metabolites and extraneous lipophilic compounds to allow its quantification by radioreceptor assay according to an established procedure. Mean (and SD) values for 1,25(OH)2D in serum of 29 normal, 27 chronic renal failure, and nine pregnant subjects were 28.2 (11.3), 10.9 (5.2), and 47.3 (12.9) ng/L, respectively. Results compared well with those of an established radioreceptor procedure. This procedure offers the advantage of a single rapid purification step not involving "high-performance" liquid chromatography or evaporation, under nitrogen, of polar solvents such as acetonitrile or methanol.

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; Calcitriol; Cholecalciferol; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Labor, Obstetric; Pregnancy; Radioligand Assay; Specimen Handling

Sunshine exposure increased the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in 9 hemodialyzed patients. Mean 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) was unchanged, but in two patients with low initial 25-OHD values this increase was accompanied by a rise in circulating 1,25-(OH)2D, although not to normal levels. One hemodialyzed patient developed liver insufficiency with a resultant reduction of serum 25-OHD concentration accompanied by a decrease in serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentration. The results indicate that the circulating levels of 1,25-(OH)2D in patients with end-stage renal failure are to some extent regulated by the serum 25-OHD concentrations. Injection of parathyroid hormone (PTH) induced minor increases in serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D in patients with end-stage renal failure and even in anephric patients, suggesting the existence of an extrarenal PTH-sensitive 1-alpha-hydroxylase. However, the enzyme was stimulated by supraphysiological concentrations of PTH, and therefore not necessarily of importance in the normal regulation of calcium metabolism.

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; Adult; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Female; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nephrectomy; Parathyroid Hormone; Renal Dialysis; Sunlight

Vitamin D metabolites were measured in children, untreated with glucocorticoids, who had renal disease. Two groups were defined in relation to endogenous creatinine clearance values: those with impaired clearance , 0 to 48 ml/min per 1.73 m2; and those with unimpaired clearance, 75 to 150 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Serum 1.25(OH)2D was 16 +/- (SD) 12 pg/ml in impaired patients (N=24) and 48 +/- 16 pg/ml in unimpaired patients (N=18). The latter level is not different from healthy childhood controls (43 +/- 12 pg/ml; N=194). Serum samples of 25(OH)D2 and D3 were comparable in each group and not different from control values of 33.2 +/- 10.3 ng/ml. Serum 24,25(OH)2D was 0.6 +/- (SD) 0.14 ng/ml in patients with a clearance of less than 13 ml/min per 1.73 m2, 1.39 +/- 0.54 ng/ml in those with a clearance of 18 to 48 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and 152 +/- 0.91 ng/ml in patients without an impairment of clearance. Only patients with the lowest clearance had values different from control values of 1.70 +/- 0.57 ng/ml. In our study we suggest that a significant reduction in 24,25(OH)2D and 1,25(OH)2D are found at low clearance values in children with tubulointerstitial disease. Our study further suggests that a reduction in renal tubular mass is important in accounting for these changes in vitamin D metabolite values.

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; Adolescent; Calcifediol; Calcitriol; Child; Child, Preschool; Creatinine; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Infant; Kidney Diseases; Vitamin D