2-2--azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic-acid and Fetal-Growth-Retardation

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of choline supplementation on intramuscular fat (IMF) and lipid oxidation in IUGR pigs. Twelve normal body weight (NBW) and twelve intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) newborn piglets were collected and distributed into 4 treatments (Normal: N, Normal+Choline: N+C, IUGR: I, and IUGR+Choline: I+C) with 6 piglets in each treatment. At 23 d of age, NBW and IUGR pigs were fed basal or choline supplemented diets. The results showed that the IUGR pigs had significantly lower (P<0.05) BW as compared with the NBW pigs at 23 d, 73 d, and 120 d of age, however, there was a slight decreased (P>0.05) in BW of IUGR pigs than the NBW pigs at 200 d. Compared with the NBW pigs, pH of meat longissimus dorsi muscle was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the meat color was improved in IUGR pigs. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while triglyceride (TG) and IMF contents were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the IUGR pigs than the NBW pigs. IUGR up-regulated the mRNA gene expression of fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Dietary choline significantly increased (P<0.05) the BW at 120d of age, however, significantly decreased (P<0.05) the TG and IMF contents in both IUGR and NBW pigs. FAS and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 (SREBP1) mRNA gene expressions were increased (P<0.05) while the muscle-carnitine palmityl transferase (M-CPT) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorγ (PPARγ) mRNA (P<0.05) gene expressions were decreased in the muscles of the IUGR pigs by choline supplementation. Furthermore, choline supplementation significantly increased (P<0.05) the MDA content as well as the O2•¯ scavenging activity in meat of IUGR pigs. The results suggested that IUGR pigs showed a permanent stunting effect on the growth performance, increased fat deposition and oxidative stress in muscles. However, dietary supplementation of choline improved the fat deposition via enhancing the lipogenesis and reducing the lipolysis.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Body Weight; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Fats; Fetal Growth Retardation; Food Quality; Malondialdehyde; Muscles; Picrates; Red Meat; Sulfonic Acids; Sus scrofa

Elevated concentration of free radicals is observed in IUG and it is connected with high rate of prematurity and perinatal mortality too. The total antioxidative serum activity is one of the oxidative stress defence system parameter. The main aim of the study was to find the correlation between the L-arginine therapy and total antioxidative concentration.. The study was done in Dep. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Medical University in Lodz in 2000-20003 y. The study group consist of 45 women with ultrasound diagnosed IUGR, the control group consist of 30 healthy pregnant women at the same gestational age. The IUGR therapy consist of L-arginine 3 x 1 g oral dose daily. The total antioxidative activity was measured in maternal blood on first and 20-th day of treatment. The Wayner method was used to measure total antioxidative activity by reduction of ABTS. The results were expressed in microM of serum.. The value of the total antioxidative activity at the first day of observation in women with IUGR was 225.9 microM and after 20 days increased to 231.8 microM. In women in normal pregnancy at the first day the value was 249.6 ng/ml microM and after 20 days of observation 247.8 microM.. The total antioxidative activity in blood serum decreased in pregnancy connected with IUGR. The L-arginine treatment decreased the oxidative stress risk.

Topics: Adult; Arginine; Benzothiazoles; Case-Control Studies; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Infant, Newborn; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Oxidative Stress; Poland; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Statistics, Nonparametric; Sulfonic Acids; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome