2-2--azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic-acid and Chemical-and-Drug-Induced-Liver-Injury

In Thailand, people in the highland communities whose occupational exposure to pesticides used the root of

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antidotes; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Benzothiazoles; Bilirubin; Biphenyl Compounds; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chlorpyrifos; Creatinine; Insecticides; Litsea; Liver; Male; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sulfonic Acids

The roots of Stipa species have been used for treatment and prevention of a various number of diseases. To the best of my knowledge, little information is regarding the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Stipa parviflora (SPP). Hence the polysaccharides from this plant sample have been investigated here. In addition, Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the hot extraction conditions. The optimal conditions were determined as: extraction time 120 min, extraction temperature 70 °C and ratio of water to raw material 30. Crude SPP was composed of mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, pyranose and arabinose. In addition, the SPP showed a strong antioxidant capacity in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that CCl

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Carbon Tetrachloride; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytoprotection; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress; Picrates; Poaceae; Polysaccharides; Protein Carbonylation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sulfonic Acids

Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CP) was extracted, purified and modified by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method to obtain a sulfated CP (sCP). Their antioxidative activities in vitro were compared through the free radical-scavenging test. The results demonstrated that the scavenging capabilities of sCP were significantly stronger than those of CP. In vivo test, the mice hepatic injury model was prepared by BCG/LPS method, then administrated respectively with sCP and CP at three dosages, the biochemical indexes in serum, antioxidative indexes in liver homogenate and histopathological change in liver of the mice were compared. The results showed that in high (200mg/kg) and middle (150mg/kg) dosages of sCP groups, the contents of ALT, AST and TNF-α in serum and MDA in liver homogenate were significantly lower than those in the model group and numerically lower than those in the CP groups, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in liver homogenate were significantly higher than those in the model group and numerically higher than those in the CP groups. In the model group there were obvious pathological changes in the liver, while in the sCP groups were near normal. These results indicate that sCP and CP possess antioxidative activity in vitro and in vivo, the activity of sCP is stronger than that of CP and sulfation modification can enhance the antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Codonopsis; Female; Hydroxyl Radical; Liver; Malondialdehyde; Mice, Inbred ICR; Picrates; Polysaccharides; Protective Agents; Pyridines; Sulfonic Acids; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Stable hydrophilic C60(OH)10 nanoparticles were prepared from 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and applied to the treatment of an acetaminophen overdose induced liver Injury. C60(OH)10 nanoparticles were produced by cogrinding α-CD, β-CD, γ-CD and HP-β-CD and characterized in terms of solubility, mean particle diameter, ζ-potential and long term dispersibility in water. Hydrophilic C60(OH)10 nanoparticles with particle sizes less than 50 nm were effectively produced by cogrinding HP-β-CD with C60(OH)10 at a molar ratio of 1:3 (C60(OH)10:CD). The resulting C60(OH)10/HP-β-CD nanoparticles were stable in water and showed no aggregation over a 1 month period. The C60(OH)10/CDs nanoparticles scavenged not only free radicals (DPPH and ABTS radicals) but also reactive oxygen species (O2(•-) and •OH). When C60(OH)10/HP-β-CD nanoparticles were intraperitoneally administered to mice with a liver injury induced by an overdose of acetaminophen (APAP), the ALT and AST levels were markedly reduced to almost the same level as that for normal mice. Furthermore, the administration of the nanoparticles prolonged the survival rate of liver injured mice, while all of the mice that were treated with APAP died within 40 h. To reveal the mechanism responsible for liver protection by C60(OH)10 nanoparticles, GSH level, CYP2E1 expression and peroxynitrite formation in the liver were assessed. C60(OH)10/HP-β-CD nanoparticles had no effect on CYP2E1 expression and GSH depletion, but suppressed the generation of peroxynitrite in the liver. The findings indicate that the protective effect of C60(OH)10/HP-β-CD nanoparticles was due to the suppression of oxidative stress in mitochondria, as the result of scavenging ROS such as O2(•-), NO and peroxynitrite, which act as critical mediators in the liver injuries.

Topics: 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Acetaminophen; Animals; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; beta-Cyclodextrins; Biphenyl Compounds; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; Drug Overdose; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Free Radical Scavengers; Fullerenes; Glutathione; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Hydroxylation; Liver; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nanoparticles; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Particle Size; Peroxynitrous Acid; Picrates; Protective Agents; Solubility; Static Electricity; Sulfonic Acids; Tyrosine

Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni. is used as a remedy for coronary trouble, liver disorders, epilepsy, skin disease, and ulcer. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of polyphenolic-rich P. campechiana fruit extract against acetaminophen-intoxicated rats. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of egg fruit were estimated followed by the determination of antioxidant activities. Treatment with P. campechiana fruit extract effectively scavenged the free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner within the range of the given concentrations in all antioxidant models. The presence of polyphenolic compounds were confirmed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The animals were treated with acetaminophen (250 mg/kg body weight; p.o.) thrice at the interval of every 5 days after the administration of P. campechiana aqueous extract and silymarin (50 mg/kg). Acetaminophen treatment was found to trigger an oxidative stress in liver, leading to an increase of serum marker enzymes. However, treatment with P. campechiana fruit extract significantly reduced the elevated liver marker enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) and increased the antioxidant enzymes (viz., superoxide dismutase and catalase) and glutathione indicating the effect of the extract in restoring the normal functional ability of hepatocytes. These results strongly suggest that P. campechiana fruit extract has strong antioxidant and significant hepatoprotective effect against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Catalase; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cytoprotection; Free Radical Scavengers; Fruit; Hepatocytes; Liver; Male; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Pouteria; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sulfonic Acids; Superoxide Dismutase

Meconopsis quintuplinervia, a medicinal herb endemic to the Tibetan region, is used to treat hepatitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the ethanolic extract of this herb using different assays.. The antioxidant capacity of Meconopsis quintuplinervia was investigated using various established in vitro systems. An in vivo study of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced antioxidant activity in mice was also conducted by examining the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH).. The extract showed strong in vitro antioxidant ability. In the in vivo study, CCl(4)-induced oxidative stress caused significant decreases in the SOD, CAT, and GSH levels and a significant increase in the MDA level, most of which were significantly reversed (except for SOD in the liver.) by treatment with the extract and standard Vitamin E.. This study clearly indicates that the ethanolic extract of Meconopsis quintuplinervia is a valuable source of natural antioxidants. These findings provide scientific support for the traditional use of this herb as a Tibetan medicine for liver diseases.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Carbon Tetrachloride; Catalase; Chelating Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Female; Flavonoids; Glutathione; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Papaveraceae; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solvents; Sulfonic Acids; Superoxide Dismutase; Vitamin E

To investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of methanolic flower extract of Nerium oleander against CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of flowers of Nerium oleander (MENO-F) was evaluated by various assays, including reducing power, lipid peroxidation, DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals and metal chelation. The hepatoprotective and in vivo antioxidant activity of MENO-F were evaluated against CCl(4)-induced hepatic damage in rats. The MENO-F at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg were administered orally once daily for seven days. Serum enzymatic levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin were estimated along with estimation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver tissues. Further histopathological examination of the liver sections was carried out to support the induction of hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective efficacy.. The extract showed potent activities on reducing power, lipid peroxide, DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and metal chelation. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic levels of AST, ALT, ALP and total bilirubin were found to be restored towards normalization significantly by the MENO-F in a dose dependent manner with maximum hepatoprotection at 400 mg/kg dose level. The histopathological observations supported the biochemical evidences of hepatoprotection. Elevated level of SOD and decreased level of MDA further strengthen the hepatoprotective observations.. The results of the present study strongly reveal that MENO-F has potent antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective activity against CCl(4)-induced hepatic damage in experimental animals.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Carbon Tetrachloride; Chelating Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Flowers; Hydroxyl Radical; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Methanol; Nerium; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sulfonic Acids; Superoxide Dismutase

The protective effect of a methanolic extract (ME) of Acorus calamus against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress was studied in rats. The in vitro assays using DPPH and ABTS showed a strong antioxidant activity of the extract with the total polyphenolic content of 156 mg/g. Chronic ethanol administration causes an increase in oxidative stress and tissue injury with decreased antioxidant status. In this study, continuous administration of ethanol (7.9 g/kg body weight/day) for a period of 6 weeks resulted in a significant (p < .001) increase in the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phospahatase, and bilirubin with the decreased level of total antioxidant status. Moreover, the levels of lipid peroxidation markers (malondialdehyde and hydroperoxides) as well as protein carbonyl content were also increased (p < .001), whereas the levels of non-enzymic antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E) decreased significantly in the liver tissues of ethanol-administered control rats. Pretreatment of rats with ME at doses of 300 and 600 g/kg body weight before alcohol administration significantly reduced the hepatic marker enzymes, level of lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation, and increased the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in liver. These observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. Overall, the present study shows that the administration of ME ameliorates the antioxidant status as well as protects against the toxic effects of ethanol in rats, thereby suggesting its use as an effective botanical supplement for hepatoprotection.

Topics: Acorus; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Bilirubin; Biomarkers; Biphenyl Compounds; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Ethanol; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress; Peroxides; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Protein Carbonylation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rhizome; Sulfonic Acids; Thiazoles; Transaminases

The study was aimed to investigate the ethanol extract of Arachniodes exilis for the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity.. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by different assays, including reducing power, lipid peroxidation, 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide. The hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract was studied on mice liver damage induced by CCL(4) by monitoring biochemical parameters.. The extract showed potent activities on reducing power, lipid peroxide, DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide. And oral administration of Arachniodes exilis at different doses resulted in significant improvement on the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, malondialchehyche and superoxidedismutase.. The results indicate that this plant possesses potential antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties and has therapeutic potential for the treatment of liver diseases.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dryopteridaceae; Female; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydroxyl Radical; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Mice; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Protective Agents; Rhizome; Sulfonic Acids; Superoxides; Thiazoles

Eggplant is consumed throughout the world and varies in fruit color, shape, and size. In this study, five varieties of eggplant (purple colored moderate size, white-green colored moderate size, long green, green striped moderate size and pale-green colored small size, respectively, called SM1-SM5) were evaluated for total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotection against cytotoxicity of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) in human hepatoma cell lines, HepG2. Total phenolic content found in methanol extracts of SM1-SM5 ranged from 739.36 ± 1.59 to 1116.13 ± 7.30 gallic acid equivalents mg/100g extract and total flavonoid content from 1991.29 ± 6.32 to 3954.20 ± 6.06 catechin equivalents mg/100 g extract. SM1 and SM2 which contained high total phenolic and flavonoid had better antioxidant activities than the other varieties. Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with 50 and 100 μg/mL of SM1-SM5 significantly increased the viability (p<0.05) of t-BuOOH-exposed HepG2 cells by 14.49 ± 1.14% to 44.95 ± 2.72%. The antioxidant activities of the eggplant were correlated with the total amounts of phenolic and flavonoid (r = 0.5310-0.7961). Significant correlation was found between hepatoprotective activities and total phenolic/flavonoid content (r = 0.6371-0.8842) and antioxidant activities (r = 0.5846-0.9588), indicating the contribution of the phenolic antioxidant present in eggplant to its hepatoprotective effect on t-BuOOH-induced toxicity.

Topics: Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Humans; Phenols; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Protective Agents; Solanum melongena; Sulfonic Acids; tert-Butylhydroperoxide; Thailand