17-ketosteroids and Schizophrenia

Based on a review of the pathophysiology of the major symptoms of anorexia nervosa, it was suggested that increased activity of dopamine at central dopamine receptors plays a role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Although dopamine receptor site hypersensitivity, or synthesis, of a false transmitter could account for this, a defect in negative feedback control mechanisms is more consistent with the known characteristics of anorexia nervosa. The possible role of pure dopamine antagonists in symptomatic treatment and of dopamine agonists in reversing this disorder was discussed.

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Amphetamine; Anorexia Nervosa; Apomorphine; Compulsive Personality Disorder; Dopamine; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Humans; Levodopa; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Schizophrenia; Steroids; Thinness

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antipsychotic Agents; Benztropine; Body Weight; Butyrophenones; Calcium; Female; Glycine; Humans; Magnesium; Middle Aged; Phenelzine; Phenothiazines; Placebos; Potassium; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia; Sodium; Tryptophan

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Androsterone; Cholesterol; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Computers; Creatinine; Endocrine Glands; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Methods; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Phenothiazines; Placebos; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Reserpine; Schizophrenia; Semen; Statistics as Topic; Thyroid Gland

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Female; Homeostasis; Humans; Liver; Psychotic Disorders; Rats; Schizophrenia

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Delusions; Humans; Karyotyping; Klinefelter Syndrome; Male; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Acute Disease; Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Chronic Disease; Humans; Male; Schizophrenia

The neuroendocrine effects of haloperidol therapy have been examined in 62 male chronic schizophrenic patients, aged 16-62 years. The duration of the disease varied between 2 and 29 years. The patients were divided into 48 hebephrenics with onset of the disease at puberty, or immediately after puberty, and 14 paranoids with onset of the disease in adulthood. They received 6 mg i.m.p.d. of haloperidol, for 30 days, up to a total dose of 180 mg. The following hormonal variables were examined before therapy and at 10-20 and 30 days of treatment: total urinary gonadotropins, serum FSH and LH, GH response to insulin stimulation, ACTH reserve (Metyrapone test), total urinary 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticoids before and after an ACTH stimulation test, serum testosterone, insulin response to glucose load, plasma thyroxine before and after a TSH stimulation test. The basic hormonal values revealed decreased secretion of total gonadotropins, FSH, LH, ACTH and testosterone, and increased insulin secretion. The haloperidol therapy seemed to stimulate the secretion of FSH, LH, total gonadotropins, ACTH and testosterone, up to normal or low-normal levels. No modifications were observed in the other hormonal variables. The significance of these results is discussed.

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Blood Glucose; Chronic Disease; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Growth Hormone; Haloperidol; Humans; Insulin; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Middle Aged; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Disorganized; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Testosterone; Thyroid Hormones

33 cases of schizophrenia received normal food and no premedication. After a clinical improvement which showed itself 3--6 weeks after the beginning of the chlorpromazine treatment, the 17-ketosteroids, the 17-ketogenic steroids and also the electrolytes were dertermined in the blood serum, the erythrocytes and the urine. 12 schizophrenics each received 25 mg of ACTH for three days puring the maximum chlorpromazine dosage. The separate results of examination were tabulated. The final results showed a restriction in the steroid synthesis, an increase in the excretion of potassium through the kidneys along with a decrease in the excretion of sodium. There was an appreciable drop in the sodium potassium concentration in the erythrocytes. It can be assumed that there is a connection between the variations in the membrane permeability to electrolytes and pharmacogenic dyskinesia.

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Chlorpromazine; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Potassium; Schizophrenia; Sodium

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Endocrine Glands; Estrogens; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Hormones; Humans; Metyrapone; Pituitary Hormones; Pregnanediol; Schizophrenia; Testosterone; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Androgens; Androstanes; Androsterone; Chronic Disease; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Etiocholanolone; Homosexuality; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Schizophrenia; Testosterone

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Affect; Circadian Rhythm; Defense Mechanisms; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Projective Techniques; Schizophrenia

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adjustment Disorders; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Affect; Anxiety; Corticosterone; Depression; Endocrine Glands; Estrogens; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Hostility; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Middle Aged; Personality Disorders; Psychological Tests; Schizophrenia; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyrotropin

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Analysis of Variance; Circadian Rhythm; Depression; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Schizophrenia

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Age Factors; Chronic Disease; Endocrine Glands; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Gonads; Humans; Middle Aged; Paranoid Disorders; Pituitary Gland; Puberty; Schizophrenia; Stimulation, Chemical; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Addison Disease; Cerebral Ventriculography; Diagnosis, Differential; Electroencephalography; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Epinephrine; Extrapyramidal Tracts; Humans; Mandelic Acids; Methyltyrosines; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Movement Disorders; Norepinephrine; Paranoid Disorders; Psychopharmacology; Schizophrenia; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Endopeptidases; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Schizophrenia

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Male; Schizophrenia

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Anxiety; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement; Psychophysiology; Schizophrenia

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Chromatography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Body Height; Body Weight; Cottonseed Oil; Emulsions; Fats; Fibrinogen; Fluids and Secretions; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Liver; Oils; Pharmacology; Physiology; Schizophrenia; Toxicology; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Body Composition; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Fluids and Secretions; Gonadotropins; Growth; Humans; Neurotic Disorders; Psychopharmacology; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Childhood; Urine

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Catecholamines; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Norepinephrine; Psychopharmacology; Schizophrenia; Tranylcypromine; Tryptamines; Tryptophan; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anxiety; Catecholamines; Fluphenazine; Humans; Schizophrenia

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anabolic Agents; Humans; Methyltestosterone; Schizophrenia; Steroids; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Bipolar Disorder; Butyrophenones; Creatine; Creatinine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Mental Disorders; Paranoid Disorders; Psychological Tests; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Androgens; Androstenols; Body Fluids; Creatine; Creatinine; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Biomedical Research; Child; Gonadotropins; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Iodine Isotopes; Klinefelter Syndrome; Metabolism; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Schizophrenia; Sex Chromosome Aberrations; Sex Chromosome Disorders; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin; Urine

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Estrogens; Gonadotropins; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Gonads; Humans; Physiology; Pituitary Diseases; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Pregnanediol; Schizophrenia; Urine

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Chorion; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Gonadotropins; Humans; Male; Pharmacology; Physiology; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Schizophrenia; Testis; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Bipolar Disorder; Chromatography; Emotions; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Amenorrhea; Breast; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gynecomastia; Humans; Lactation Disorders; Male; Metabolism; Pigmentation; Prolactin; Schizophrenia; Toxicology; Trifluoperazine; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Body Fluids; Endocrine System; Paranoid Disorders; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Schizophrenia; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Body Fluids; Humans; Pantothenic Acid; Schizophrenia

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex; Convulsive Therapy; Eosinophils; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Coma; Leukocyte Count; Schizophrenia

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Bipolar Disorder; Body Fluids; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Biological Transport; Body Fluids; Schizophrenia; Steroids

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Steroids

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Chromatography; Humans; Neurotic Disorders; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Schizophrenia; Steroids; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Chemical Fractionation; Dose Fractionation, Radiation; Schizophrenia; Steroids; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Biological Transport; Body Fluids; Schizophrenia; Steroids

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Hyperthermia, Induced; Mental Disorders; Schizophrenia; Steroids