17-ketosteroids and Infertility--Male

This paper has been designed to review some current concepts about biochemistry, pathophysiology and clinics of androgen-binding proteins, both TeBG and cellular receptors. Some important experimental models to clarify the interactions between androgens and target cells are mentioned. Further, major clinical applications in which binding parameters were or will be of great importance are discussed in details.

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Androgen-Binding Protein; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome; Breast Neoplasms; Carrier Proteins; Danazol; Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Infertility, Male; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Minoxidil; Receptors, Androgen; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; Spironolactone

The testicular feminization syndrome (TFS) in its complete form results in total feminization due to a nuclear inaction of androgens, and the female role should be supported with postpubertal orchiectomy to avoid the risk of malignancy. Incomplete forms of the syndrome (ITFS) include Type I n which some degree of masculinization may be observed, prompting earlier gonadectomy, and Type II or pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias (PPSH) which is always characterized by pubertal masculinization, necessitating management and support of these patients as males. Other intersex abnormalities which must be differentiated include true hermaphroditism, the Swyer syndrome, males with 17-ketosteroid reductase deficiency, and Reifenstein's syndrome.

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome; Androgens; Animals; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Hypospadias; Infertility, Male; Male; Mice; Rats

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome; Diagnosis, Differential; Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Genitalia, Female; Genitalia, Male; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hypospadias; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infertility, Male; Karyotyping; Male; Sex Chromatin; Sex Determination Analysis; Testosterone; Virilism

Feeding 50% ethanolic extract of A. aspera to male rats resulted in reduced sperm counts, weight of epididymis, serum level of testosterone and testicular activity of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, while motility of the sperm and activity of the HMG CoA reductase were not affected. Cholesterol level in the testis, incorporation of labelled acetate into cholesterol, 17-ketosteroids in urine and hepatic and fecal bile acids were increased. The results suggest that ethanolic extract of A. aspera caused reproductive toxicity in male rats and the action may be by suppressing the synthesis of androgen.

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Achyranthes; Animals; Cholesterol; Diet; Epididymis; Ethanol; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; Infertility, Male; Liver; Male; Organ Size; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seminal Vesicles; Solvents; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Testis; Testosterone

More than 800 men referred for infertility have been evaluated in a male infertility clinic. Routine hormonal screening of these patients has included at various times thyroid function studies, 24-hour urine samples for 17-ketosteroids and pregnanetriol, serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, serum 17-alpha-hydroxy progesterone, testosterone and prolactine in some instances. The results of this hormonal screening are analyzed and discussed from the point of view of positive diagnostic findings and success of treatment. An outline and recommendations for the routine use of such studies are made.

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Hormones; Humans; Hydroxyprogesterones; Infertility, Male; Male; Oligospermia; Pregnanetriol; Prolactin; Testosterone; Thyroid Function Tests; Varicocele

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Infertility, Male; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Prolactin

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Spermatozoa; Testosterone

Plasma follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and 17-ketosteroids were measured in patients seen at an infertility clinic. Plasma follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels were increased in patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. The results suggest that in patients with sperm counts less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. there is not only impaired spermatogenesis but also decreased Leydig cell function. Urinary 17-ketosteroid levels were not related to sperm cell concentration.

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Infertility, Male; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Spermatogenesis; Testosterone

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Oligospermia; Radiography; Seminal Vesicles; Testis; Vas Deferens

Two brothers with Reifenstein syndrome underwent LH-RH and HCG tests at various ages ranging from 13 to 17 years. We found that at age 13 the plasma LH and FSH response to one LH-RH injection was normal. After the age of 14, the basal plasma concentration of LH and FSH and their response to LH-RH became elevated. Concomitantly the plasma testosterone levels rose to abnormal levels. These findings are compatible with progressive development of primary gonadal dysfunction and with peripheral insensitivity to testosterone.

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Disorders of Sex Development; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hypospadias; Infertility, Male; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Puberty; Testosterone

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Androsterone; Anticonvulsants; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Epilepsy; Erectile Dysfunction; Estrogens; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Middle Aged; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa

Plasma follicle stimulating hormone, luteininzing hormone, testosterone, urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and 17-ketosteroids were measured in patients seen at an infertility clinic. Plasma folicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels were increased in patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. Plasma testosterone levels were lower in patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. The results suggest that in patients with sperm counts less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. there is not only impaired spermatogenesis but also decreased Leydig cell function. Urinary 17-ketosteroid levels were not related to sperm cell concentration.. Correlation between follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid with sperm cell concentration was studied in patients seen at an infertility clinic. Plasma FSH, LH, and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels were increased in patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 X 10(6)/ml. Plasma testosterone levels were lower in patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 X 10(6)/ml. These results indicate that in patients with sperm counts less than 10 X 10(6)/ml there is not only impaired spermatogenesis but also decreased Leydig cell function. Urinary 17-ketosteroid levels were unrelated to sperm cell concentration.

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Infertility, Male; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Spermatogenesis; Testosterone

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Androsterone; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Estradiol; Estrone; Etiocholanolone; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Infertility, Male; Leydig Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Semen; Spermatogenesis; Spermatozoa

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Cell Count; Estrogens; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatitis; Spermatozoa; Testicular Diseases; Testosterone; Varicocele

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Biopsy; Cryptorchidism; Epithelium; Gonadotropins; Hair; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Middle Aged; Sertoli Cells; Sex Characteristics; Sex Chromosomes; Spermatogenesis; Testis; Varicocele

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Gonadotropins, Equine; Humans; Infertility, Male; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Menotropins; Sperm Capacitation; Spermatogenesis

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Biopsy; Cell Movement; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Ejaculation; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Infertility, Male; Karyotyping; Male; Mosaicism; Sex Chromatin; Spermatogenesis; Spermatozoa; Testis; Testosterone

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Estrogens; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infertility, Male; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Prednisone; Spermatozoa

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Biopsy; Estrogens; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropins; Humans; Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Infertility, Male; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Karyotyping; Leydig Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Semen; Sertoli Cells; Sex Chromosome Aberrations; Spermatogenesis; Spermatozoa; Testis

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Aged; Cell Movement; Child; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infertility, Male; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Spermatozoa

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Biopsy; Germ Cells; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Sex Characteristics; Sex Chromosomes; Spermatozoa; Testis

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Androsterone; Etiocholanolone; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Middle Aged; Penis; Scrotum; Spermatogenesis; Testis; Time Factors

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adenoma; Adolescent; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adrenal Insufficiency; Adult; Aged; Alcohols; Amenorrhea; Androsterone; Carcinoma; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Gas; Cushing Syndrome; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Etiocholanolone; Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Hirsutism; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hyperthyroidism; Hypospadias; Infant; Infertility, Male; Klinefelter Syndrome; Lactation Disorders; Male; Middle Aged; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Pregnanetriol

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Humans; Infertility, Male; Leydig Cells; Male; Spermatozoa; Testis; Vas Deferens

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adult; Estrogens; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Middle Aged; Pregnanetriol; Spermatogenesis

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Color Vision Defects; Disorders of Sex Development; Eunuchism; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hypogonadism; Hypospadias; Infertility, Male; Intellectual Disability; Male; Olfaction Disorders; Phenotype; Sex Chromosome Aberrations; Testicular Diseases

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clomiphene; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hypogonadism; Hypopituitarism; Hypothalamic Diseases; Infertility, Male; Male; Mumps; Orchitis; Phosphorus Isotopes; Semen; Spermatozoa; Testis

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Acetone; Cell Count; Diagnosis, Differential; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Fructose; Gonadotropins; Humans; Hypogonadism; Infertility, Male; Kaolin; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Semen; Spermatozoa

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Androstanes; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Semen; Spermatozoa; Thyroid Function Tests; Time Factors

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Biopsy; Cryptorchidism; Erectile Dysfunction; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infertility, Male; Klinefelter Syndrome; Male; Semen; Sex Chromatin; Spermatozoa; Testicular Diseases

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Humans; Hypogonadism; Infertility, Male; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Spermatozoa; Testis

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Carbon Disulfide; Gonadotropins; Gonads; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Infertility, Male; Male; Polyneuropathies; Spermatozoa

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Estrogens; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Testis; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Androgens; Androsterone; Estrogens; Fertility; Humans; Hypogonadism; Infertility, Male; Male; Semen; Spermatozoa; Testis; Testosterone

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Androgens; Carbon Isotopes; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Eczema; Estradiol; Estrone; Humans; Hypogonadism; In Vitro Techniques; Infertility, Male; Libido; Male; Pregnenolone; Radiation Effects; Testicular Diseases; Testis; Testosterone

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Biopsy; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Humans; Infertility, Male; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Spermatozoa; Testis; Testosterone

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Humans; Infertility, Male; Leydig Cells; Male; Puberty; Spermatozoa; Testosterone

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Biopsy; Chromatography; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Female; Filarioidea; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Menopause; Spermatozoa; Testis; Testosterone

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Clomiphene; Infertility, Male; Male; Semen; Spermatozoa; Testis

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adult; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Hypopituitarism; Infertility, Male; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Puberty, Precocious; Testosterone

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Acromegaly; Adult; Androgens; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Disorders of Sex Development; Humans; Hypogonadism; Infertility, Male; Klinefelter Syndrome; Male; Olfaction Disorders; Sella Turcica; Sex Chromatin

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Testis

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Animals; Castration; Infertility, Male; Male; Methods; Sheep

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Blood Cell Count; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Female; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infertility, Male; Karyotyping; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Sex Chromatin; Spermatozoa

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Estradiol; Estriol; Estrogens; Estrone; Female; Humans; Hypopituitarism; Infertility, Male; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Sterilization, Reproductive; Testosterone; Tritium

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Androsterone; Biopsy; Blood; Chromosome Aberrations; Estrogens; Gonadotropins; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Mosaicism; Pituitary Gland; Sertoli Cells; Sex Chromatin; Skin; Testis; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Castration; Fertility; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropins; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Humans; Infertility; Infertility, Male; Iron; Male; Orchiectomy; Pathology; Pharmacology; Pituitary Gland; Prostate; Rats; Research; Salts; Seminal Vesicles; Testis; Testosterone; Toxicology; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adult; Homosexuality; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male