17-ketosteroids and Hyperthyroidism

This paper has been designed to review some current concepts about biochemistry, pathophysiology and clinics of androgen-binding proteins, both TeBG and cellular receptors. Some important experimental models to clarify the interactions between androgens and target cells are mentioned. Further, major clinical applications in which binding parameters were or will be of great importance are discussed in details.

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Androgen-Binding Protein; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome; Breast Neoplasms; Carrier Proteins; Danazol; Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Infertility, Male; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Minoxidil; Receptors, Androgen; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; Spironolactone

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Addison Disease; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Age Factors; Circadian Rhythm; Cushing Syndrome; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypopituitarism; Hypothyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Liver Cirrhosis; Middle Aged; Pituitary Function Tests; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Pregnancy; Stress, Physiological

Topics: 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperthyroidism; Middle Aged; Time Factors

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Androgens; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Hydroxysteroids; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Sex Factors; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; Thyroid Gland

Intermittent hyperthyreosis occurs under various forms of stress, especially heat stress. The clinician may diagnose such cases as masked or apathetic hyperthyroidism or "forme fruste" hyperthyreosis or thyroid autonomy. As most routine and standard tests may here yield inconsistent results, it is the patients' anamnesis which may provide the clue. Our Bioclimatology Unit has now seen over 100 cases in which thyroid hypersensitivity towards heat was the most prominent syndrome: 10-15% of weather-sensitive patients are affected. The patients complain before or during heat spells of such contradictory symptoms as insomnia, irritability, tension, tachycardia, palpitations, precordial pain, dyspnoe, flushes with sweating or chills, tremor, abdominal pain or diarrhea, polyuria or pollakisuria, weight loss in spite of ravenous appetite, fatigue, exhaustion, depression, adynamia, lack of concentration and confusion. Determination of urinary neurohormones allows a differential diagnosis, intermittent hyperthyreosis being characterized by three cardinal symptoms: 1. tachycardia -- every case with more than 80 pulse beats being suspect (not specific); 2. urinary histamine -- every case excreting more than 90 mug/day being suspect. Again the drawback of this test is its lack of specificity, as histamine may also be increased in cases of allergy and spondylitis; 3. urinary thyroxine -- every case excreting more than 20 mug/day T-4 being suspect. This is the only specific test. Therapy should make use of lithium carbonate and beta-blockers. Propyl thiouracil is rarely required.

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Basal Metabolism; Biogenic Amines; Cholesterol; Climate; Diuresis; Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Hydroxysteroids; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Stress, Physiological; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Addison Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Neurasthenia

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Androsterone; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography; Etiocholanolone; Female; Glucuronates; Half-Life; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Sulfates; Testosterone; Time Factors; Tritium

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Androstanes; Chromatography, Gas; Etiocholanolone; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Steroids; Tetrahydrocortisol; Tetrahydrocortisone; Thyroid Function Tests

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Androgens; Dexamethasone; Graves Disease; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperthyroidism; Liver; Metyrapone; Myxedema; Testosterone; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroidectomy; Thyroxine

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Glands; Cholesterol; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins; Male; Phosphatidylcholines

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and blood production rate (BP) of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the conversion of plasma testosterone to plasma dihydrotestosterone, and the renal clearance of androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone have been studied in man. In eight normal men, the MCR(T) (516+/-108 [SD] liters/m(2)/day) was significantly greater than the MCR(DHT) (391+/-71 [SD] liters/m(2)/day). In seven females, the MCR(T) (304+/-53 [SD] liters/m(2)/day) was also greater than the MCR(DHT) (209+/-45 [SD] liters/m(2)/day) and both values were less than their respective values in men (P < 0.001). In men the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone at 2.8+/-0.3% (SD) was greater than that found in females, 1.56+/-0.5% (SD) (P < 0.001). In five pregnant females the MCR(T) (192+/-36 [SD] liters/m(2)/day), the MCR(DHT) (89+/-30 [SD] liters/m(2)/day) and the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (0.72+/-0.15%) (SD) were significantly less than the values found in nonpregnant women. In five females with hyperthyroidism, the MCR for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were similar to those observed in pregnant females, but the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (2.78+/-1.7%) (SD) was greater, and similar to that found in men. In men the production of dihydrotestosterone was 0.39+/-0.1 (SD) mg/day, 50% being derived from the transformation of plasma testosterone. In women the production of DHT was 0.05+/-0.028 (SD) mg/day, only 10% coming from testosterone. During pregnancy, the production of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are similar to that in normal women. In three patients with testicular feminization syndrome (an adult with hyperthyroidism and two children) these two MCRs were greatly reduced compared to the normal females, but the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone was in the limits of normal male rangeIn the normal subjects the renal clearance of androstenedione was greater than that of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Less than 20% of the dihydrotestosterone and less than 10% of the androstenedione in the urine is derived from the plasma dihydrotestosterone and androstenedione.

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome; Androstanes; Carbon Isotopes; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dihydrotestosterone; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Infant; Ketosteroids; Kidney; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Protein Binding; Testosterone; Tritium

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Androstanes; Animals; Estradiol; Female; Hydrogen; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Ketosteroids; Microsomes; Microsomes, Liver; Ovary; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sterols; Testosterone; Thyroid Gland; Transferases

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adenoma; Adolescent; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adrenal Insufficiency; Adult; Aged; Alcohols; Amenorrhea; Androsterone; Carcinoma; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Gas; Cushing Syndrome; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Etiocholanolone; Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Hirsutism; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hyperthyroidism; Hypospadias; Infant; Infertility, Male; Klinefelter Syndrome; Lactation Disorders; Male; Middle Aged; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Pregnanetriol

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Androsterone; Chromatography, Gas; Cushing Syndrome; Etiocholanolone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Pregnanetriol

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Androgens; Biological Transport; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Protein Binding; Testosterone; Virilism

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Acetazolamide; Action Potentials; Adult; Aldosterone; Biopsy; Body Weight; Electromyography; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypokalemia; Insulin; Male; Muscles; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Potassium; Sodium

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Androgens; Chromatography, Gas; Collagen Diseases; Cushing Syndrome; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Dexamethasone; Etiocholanolone; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypogonadism; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Metyrapone; Pregnanes; Sterols

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Androgens; Androsterone; Chromatography, Gas; Etiocholanolone; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Myxedema; Thyroid Function Tests

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Androstanes; Animals; Biotransformation; Body Weight; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Estriol; Estrogens; Estrone; Female; Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; In Vitro Techniques; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Organ Size; Ovary; Rats; Stereoisomerism; Stimulation, Chemical; Thyroid Gland; Triiodothyronine

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Acromegaly; Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Blood Glucose; Child; Child, Preschool; Dwarfism, Pituitary; Electrophoresis; Female; Gonadotropins; Growth Disorders; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypopituitarism; Hypothyroidism; Insulin; Ion Exchange Resins; Male; Pituitary Diseases; Radioimmunoassay; Thyroid Diseases; Thyrotropin; Time Factors

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Aged; Androgens; Androsterone; Breast Neoplasms; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Etiocholanolone; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Middle Aged; Obesity; Prognosis; Thyroid Diseases

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Insufficiency; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aldosterone; Antithyroid Agents; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperthyroidism; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Imidazoles; Metyrapone; Perchlorates; Pigmentation Disorders; Potassium; Sodium

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Middle Aged; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Thyroid Gland

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Chromatography, Gas; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Sex Factors; Triiodothyronine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Radium

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Acromegaly; Addison Disease; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography; Cushing Syndrome; Disorders of Sex Development; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperthyroidism; Hypertrichosis; Hypopituitarism; Male; Middle Aged; Myxedema; Obesity; Pheochromocytoma; Pregnancy; Spectrophotometry

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Female; Goiter; Goiter, Endemic; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Diet, Reducing; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Thyroid Gland

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Aged; Androgens; Chromatography, Paper; Female; Humans; Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Myxedema; Thyroid Hormones

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Glands; Eosinophils; Female; Heparin; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Leukocyte Count; Potassium; Sodium; Thyroidectomy

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine; Male; Methylthiouracil; Middle Aged; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Insufficiency; Anorexia Nervosa; Cushing Syndrome; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Periodicity; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Statistics as Topic; Urine

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Blood Chemical Analysis; Calcium; Goiter; Graves Disease; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Isotopes; Ketones; Metyrapone; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Thyroidectomy; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Climacteric; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Menopause; Steroids; Thyroid Function Tests; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Hyperthyroidism; Pharmacology; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Rats; Research; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyrotoxicosis; Thyroxine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Calcium; Creatine; Creatinine; Gonadotropins; Hydrocortisone; Hydroxyproline; Hyperthyroidism; Kidney Function Tests; Metyrapone; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Phosphorus; Thyroid Hormones; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Acetylcholine; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Capillaries; Epinephrine; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Onychomycosis; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Trichophyton; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Androgens; Androsterone; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Child; Chromatography; Drug Therapy; Etiocholanolone; Hepatitis; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine Isotopes; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Metabolism; Testosterone; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Hormones; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Androsterone; Etiocholanolone; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Isotopes; Middle Aged; Oxidoreductases; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Urine; Women

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Acromegaly; Addison Disease; Adrenal Insufficiency; Cushing Syndrome; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoadrenocorticism, Familial

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Body Fluids; Exophthalmos; Eye Manifestations; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Myxedema; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adrenogenital Syndrome; Alopecia; Asthenia; Hyperthyroidism; Metyrapone; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Rheumatic Heart Disease

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adenoma; Androgens; Erectile Dysfunction; Estrogens; Goiter; Graves Disease; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Isotopes; Male; Mastectomy; Pathology; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Body Fluids; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Urinary Tract

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Body Fluids; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Plasma

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Body Fluids; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Postoperative Period; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Body Fluids; Graves Disease; Hyperthyroidism; Methylthiouracil; Steroids; Thiouracil; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Glands; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Steroids; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Aged; Cortisone; Goiter; Hair; Hair Diseases; Hirsutism; Hyperthyroidism; Steroids

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Body Fluids; Hyperthyroidism; Steroids; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Hyperthyroidism; Light; Urinary Tract

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Body Fluids; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Steroids; Thyrotoxicosis

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Breast; Diethylstilbestrol; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Androgens; Goiter; Hair; Hirsutism; Humans; Hyperthyroidism