15-hydroxy-5-8-11-13-eicosatetraenoic-acid and Periodontal-Diseases

Many arachidonic metabolites have been shown to have marked potent biological effects in animals. The cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products of arachidonate metabolism are known to play a key role in the development of inflammatory symptoms and signs. Reports published during past decades indicate that cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism are present in much higher concentrations in inflamed than in healthy periodontal tissues. Since information about the role of lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism in human periodontal disease is lacking, the objective of this study was to determine the ability of diseased and non-diseased gingival tissue to synthesize lipoxygenase products from the precursor arachidonic acid. Twenty-six samples of diseased tissue and nine samples of non-diseased tissue were included in our data analysis. After incubation of the tissue with 100,000 cpm [3H]-arachidonic acid, lipoxygenase products were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by comparison with cochromatographed standards. Our results showed that inflamed gingival tissue synthesized significantly larger amounts, of LTB4(p < 0.01), LTC4(p < 0.01), LTD4(p < 0.01), LTE4(p < 0.01), 5-HETE(p < 0.05), 12-HETE(p < 0.01), and 15-HETE(p < 0.01), compared to non-diseased tissue. The lipoxygenases are more active in inflamed gingival tissue than in non-diseased gingival tissue. 12-HETE and 15-HETE were the the major metabolites formed by lipoxygenases in diseased and non-diseased human gingiva. Since we did not functionally determine the fractions separated by HPLC, our present data may only provided indirect evidence for the existence of lipoxygenase products in periodontal tissue. However, our study did establish a research model for the investigation of arachidonic acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

Topics: 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; Leukotrienes; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium

15-lipoxygenase activity was investigated in sonicated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) from patients with juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis and adult periodontitis. The group with juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis had 17 patients (6 male, 11 female, mean age 27.4 years), and the age matched control group had 18 normal individuals (11 male, 7 female, mean age 26.3 years). The group with adult periodontitis had 14 patients with 9 male, 5 female, mean age 45.2 years and the age-matched control group had 6 normal subjects with 5 male, 1 female, mean age 43.7 years. 15-hydroxyeicosa-tetraenoic acid (15-HETE) synthesized in the group with juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis was 0.219 +/- 0.102 ng/mg protein (mean +/- S.D.), while it was 0.410 +/- 0.138 ng/mg protein in the age-matched control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups. The group with adult periodontitis produced 0.358 +/- 0.124 ng/mg protein and the age matched control group produced 0.448 +/- 0.176 ng/mg protein (no significant difference). These results are relevant to reports that PMNLs of patients with juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis have abnormal functions, while those of patients with adult periodontitis are normal.

Topics: 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; Adult; Aggressive Periodontitis; Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase; Arachidonate Lipoxygenases; Female; Humans; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis