15-deoxyprostaglandin-j2 and Respiratory-Distress-Syndrome

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that are related to retinoid, steroid and thyroid hormone receptors. The PPAR subfamily comprises three members: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-beta and PPAR-gamma. PPARs have recently been implicated as regulators of cellular proliferation and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that PPAR-gamma and PPAR-alpha reduce lung injury associated with inflammation and shock.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Ligands; PPAR alpha; PPAR gamma; Prostaglandin D2; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Rosiglitazone; Thiazolidinediones

Early detection and prevention is an important goal in acute respiratory distress syndrome research. We determined the concentration of the anti-inflammatory 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin-J2 (15d-PGJ2) and other components of the cyclopentenone prostaglandin cascade in relation to lung inflammation in cytokine (IL-1/LPS)-insufflated rats. We found that 15d-PGJ2 levels increase in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of rats insufflated with cytokines 2 h before. BAL 15d-PGJ2 increases preceded neutrophil recruitment, lung injury, and oxidative stress in the lungs of cytokine-insufflated rats. 15d-PGJ2 was localized in alveolar macrophages that decreased following cytokine insufflation. 15d-PGJ2 may constitute an early biomarker of lung inflammation and may reflect an endogenous attempt to regulate ongoing inflammation in macrophages and elsewhere after cytokine insufflation.

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cell Count; Cytokines; Inflammation; Insufflation; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung; Macrophages, Alveolar; Neutrophil Infiltration; Oxidative Stress; Prostaglandin D2; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Distress Syndrome