11-dehydro-thromboxane-b2 and Fetal-Growth-Retardation

To examine the effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy on the production of two eicosanoids, thromboxane A(2) and prostacyclin I2, and their role in the pathogenesis of intrauterine growth restriction.. Prospective case control study enrolled smoking and non-smoking women at ≤14 weeks gestation. Maternal urine samples were obtained at ≤14, 28 and 36 weeks. High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) was used to quantify 11-dehydrothromboxane B(2) (TX-M) and 2,3 dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1α (PG-M), stable urinary metabolites of thromboxane A(2) and prostacyclin I2. Confirmation of the smoking status was performed by quantitation of urinary nicotine metabolites. Data was analysed using SPSS and Stata(®).. Thirty five were enrolled in the smoking group and 32 in the non-smoking group. Smoking resulted higher levels of TX-M at ≤14, 28 and 36 weeks gestation. There was no difference in PG-M at any gestational time point between the two groups. The median customised birthweight centile in the smoking group was 17.0 (0-78) compared to 55.5 (4-100) in the non-smoking group (P<0.001). A causal relationship between elevated TX-M and IUGR could not be established.. Maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with altered eicosanoid production in favour of the vasoconstrictor thromboxane A(2) which occurs early in the first trimester.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Pregnancy; Smoking; Thromboxane A2; Thromboxane B2; Young Adult

High-dose supplements of fish oil reduce thromboxane synthesis in nonpregnant human subjects and were therefore proposed as a means of preventing various small-vessel disorders, including preeclampsia. The effect of fish oil on thromboxane metabolism in pregnancy was investigated in our study.. Sixteen normal pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy were treated with a daily ingestion of 6 gm fish oil capsules containing 1.6 gm of n-3 fatty acid. In five patients the treatment was stopped because of severe-flavored reflux and hiccups. Eleven patients completed 3 weeks of treatment. Twenty-four-hour urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 was measured by means of radioimmunoassay before and after completion of the study protocol in these 11 patients and in seven control pregnant women who did not receive the oil treatment.. A decrease ranging from 32% to 71%, in 24-hour urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 excretion (mean reduction from 1606 pg/mg creatinine to 779 pg/mg creatinine, p < 0.001) was found among the 11 fish oil-treated women. No change in excretion was found among the control women. No maternal, fetal, or neonatal bleeding disturbances occurred, and no laboratory changes in coagulation markers were observed.. High-dose n-3 fatty acid intake in pregnancy significantly reduces maternal thromboxane A2 synthesis. These results may provide a basis for a possible role of fish oil in managing patients at risk for preeclampsia.

Topics: Adult; Creatinine; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fish Oils; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Thromboxane A2; Thromboxane B2; Urea