1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol and Edema

Celecoxib (CXB) is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug that also acts as a chemopreventive agent against several types of cancer, including skin cancer. As the long-term oral administration of CXB has been associated with severe side effects, the skin delivery of this drug represents a promising alternative for the treatment of skin inflammatory conditions and chemoprevention of skin cancer. We prepared and characterized liquid crystalline systems based on glyceryl monooleate and water containing penetration enhancers which were primarily designed to promote skin delivery of CXB. Analysis of their phase behavior revealed the formation of cubic and hexagonal phases depending on the systems' composition. The systems' structure and composition markedly affected the in vitro CXB release profile. Oleic acid reduced CXB release rate, but association oleic acid/propylene glycol increased the drug release rate. The developed systems significantly reduced inflammation in an aerosil-induced rat paw edema model. The systems' composition and liquid crystalline structure influenced their anti-inflammatory potency. Cubic phase systems containing oleic acid/propylene glycol association reduced edema in a sustained manner, indicating that they modulate CXB release and permeation. Our findings demonstrate that the developed liquid crystalline systems are potential carriers for the skin delivery of CXB.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Celecoxib; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Edema; Glycerides; Inflammation; Liquid Crystals; Male; Oleic Acid; Permeability; Propylene Glycol; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Skin; Skin Absorption; Solubility; Water

We investigated the potential effects of oleic acid (OA) and glycerol monooleate (GMO) on the skin delivery of CXB.. The influence of both OA and GMO (5.0% or 10.0%) on the in vitro skin permeability of CXB (2.0%) was evaluated using propylene glycol (PG) as a vehicle. Also the in vitro potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and in vivo assays (skin irritation in rabbits and topical anti-inflammatory activity by in mice) were conducted.. As expected, the amount of CXB that permeated through the skin was minimal, but drug retention on the viable skin (epidermis plus dermis) was higher in association with treatment with 5.0% OA or GMO compared to the control treatment, meaning that there was a localized effect of CXB in the skin. No formulation presented cytotoxic or genotoxic potential, suggesting safety for cutaneous application. In vivo skin irritation assays indicated that no formulation was irritating to the skin becomes its use possible for a prolonged time. In vivo anti-inflammatory experiments indicated that both edema and protein extravasation were inhibited with a maximum % inhibition of 53.5.0% and 61.0% for 5.0 % GMO, respectively, and 48.0% and 35.5% for 5.0% OA, respectively. Such formulations were able to inhibit around twofold the percentage of ear edema in mice compared to a commercial product reference diclofenac commercial formula.. There is no topical formulation currently available that contains both CXB and 5.0% GMO or OA, suggesting them as potential adjuvants that improve the skin delivery of CXB.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Celecoxib; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Edema; Glycerides; Male; Mice; Oleic Acid; Permeability; Propylene Glycol; Pyrazoles; Rabbits; Skin; Skin Absorption; Sulfonamides; Swine

Glyceryl monooleate (GMO) is a polar amphiphilic lipid, which forms different sequential lyotropic liquid crystals upon hydration. GMO has been utilized for various delivery systems and routes of administrations. Owing to sticky and waxy nature of GMO, preparation of oral solid dosage form utilizing GMO is still a challenge for pharmaceutical researchers. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to fabricate dry powder precursors using GMO, which upon hydration in situ forms cubic phase and can be wisely used for fabrication of oral solid dosage forms. In addition to this, dry powder precursor was evaluated for drug loading, in vitro release behavior and in vivo performance of model drug diclofenac sodium (DiNa). The dry powder precursor was obtained by spray-drying GMO with DiNa using magnesium trisilicate (MTS) as adsorbent. The percent drug entrapment of various batches of powder precursor was in the range of 84-93% indicating high content uniformity. SEM and image analysis showed that as the amount of MTS in powder precursor was increased, the particle size decreased. Furthermore, the viscosity of powder precursor was function of amount of MTS. The rate of water uptake of powder precursor was higher due to uniform layer of GMO on the MTS surface, which led to faster transformation of lamellar phase into cubic phase. The polarizing light microscopy confirmed that cubic phase was formed upon hydration of powder precursor. The drug released from powder precursor was initially governed by the cubic phase formed and in later stage it depends upon dynamic swelling behavior of hexagonally packed cylindrical aggregates. The drug loaded powder precursor was found to have more effective and prolonged anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity as compared to pure drug. Thus the dry powder precursor of cubic phase was prepared in which drug release was entirely governed by the mesophases formed.

Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Carrageenan; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diclofenac; Drug Delivery Systems; Edema; Female; Glycerides; Magnesium Silicates; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Pain Threshold; Particle Size; Phase Transition; Powders; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solvents; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Viscosity; Water