zithromax and temafloxacin

Topics: 1-Naphthylamine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anticholesteremic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antiviral Agents; Azithromycin; Butanones; Cardiovascular Agents; Clarithromycin; Drug Approval; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Enoxacin; Finasteride; Flumazenil; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Ketorolac Tromethamine; Lactams; Nabumetone; Pyridines; Quinolones; Sertraline; Tolmetin; Tromethamine; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Zolpidem

The in vitro susceptibility of 27 clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori to erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and temafloxacin under various pH conditions was evaluated. Clarithromycin (MIC90 0.03 micrograms/ml) was found to be significantly more active than either erythromycin (MIC90 0.125 micrograms/ml) or azithromycin (MIC90 0.25 micrograms/ml) at a neutral pH. Lowering the pH to 5.75 resulted in a loss in efficacy from 8- to 32-fold for all three macrolides studied. The MIC90 of clarithromycin (0.5 micrograms/ml) remained lower than those of azithromycin (2 micrograms/ml) and erythromycin (4 micrograms/ml). No synergism or antagonism was observed with combinations of clarithromycin and temafloxacin at either the neutral or lower pH values.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Azithromycin; Clarithromycin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Fluoroquinolones; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Quinolones

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Azithromycin; Ciprofloxacin; Clarithromycin; Erythromycin; Fluoroquinolones; Giardia lamblia; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Quinolones

The activities of sparfloxacin, azithromycin, temafloxacin, and rifapentine against two virulent strains of the Mycobacterium avium complex isolated from patients with AIDS were evaluated in a model of intracellular infection and were compared with that of clarithromycin. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were infected with the M. avium complex at day 6 of culture. The intracellular CFU was counted 60 min after inoculation. The intracellular and supernatant CFU was counted on days 4 and 7 after inoculation. The concentrations used, which were equal to peak levels in serum, were 10 micrograms of rifapentine per ml (MICs for the two strains, 4 and 16 micrograms/ml), 4 micrograms of clarithromycin per ml (MICs, 8 and 4 micrograms/ml), 1 microgram of azithromycin per ml (MICs, 32 and 16 micrograms/ml), 4 micrograms of temafloxacin per ml (MICs, 2 and 16 micrograms/ml), and 1 microgram of sparfloxacin per ml (MICs, 0.5 and 2 micrograms/ml). Compared with controls on day 7 after inoculation, clarithromycin (P less than 0.001), sparfloxacin (P less than 0.001), and azithromycin (P less than 0.001 for the first strain, P less than 0.02 for the second) slowed intracellular replication. Rifapentine (P less than 0.001) and temafloxacin (P less than 0.001) slowed intracellular replication of the first strain but not of the second strain. Azithromycin plus sparfloxacin was as effective as sparfloxacin alone. In this macrophage model, sparfloxacin or clarithromycin (difference not significant) exhibited a better efficacy than rifapentine, azithromycin, or temafloxacin against intracellular M. avium complex infection.

Topics: 4-Quinolones; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Cell Division; Clarithromycin; Erythromycin; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leprostatic Agents; Macrophages; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Quinolones; Rifampin