Page last updated: 2024-08-16

xylazine and fentanyl

xylazine has been researched along with fentanyl in 95 studies

Research

Studies (95)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	22 (23.16)	18.7374
1990's	14 (14.74)	18.2507
2000's	18 (18.95)	29.6817
2010's	12 (12.63)	24.3611
2020's	29 (30.53)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Green, CJ	1
Lumb, WV; Pippi, NL	1
De Vos, V	1
Mortelmans, J	1
Gelatt, KN; Gum, GG; Gwin, RM; Peiffer, RL	1
Haigh, JC	1
Baas, EJ; Bacher, JD; Potkay, S	1
Malan, JH; Quandt, SK; Raath, JP	1
Cornick, JL; Jensen, J	1
Marais, AL; Skinner, JD; Van der Walt, JG	1
Kreeger, TJ; Seal, US	1
Hughes, HC; Lang, CM; Marshall, WK; White, WJ; Wixson, SK	4
Cheney, CS; Hattingh, J	1
McCabe, K; Olson, ME	1
Berger, J; Kock, MD	1
Peterson, RO; Schmitt, SM; Seal, US	1
Baker, JR; Gatesman, TJ	1
von Hegel, G; Wiesner, H	1
Stelmasiak, T; Van Mourik, S	1
Aschenbrenner, G; Blümel, G; Erhardt, W; Hebestedt, A; Pichotka, B	1
Dräger, N; Küpper, W; Mehlitz, D; Zillmann, U	1
Doyle, R; Glenn, BL; Kocan, AA; Kubat, G; Shaw, MG; Thedford, TR; Waldrup, K	1
Gates, CC; Haigh, JC	1
Carpenter, JW; Leith, DE; Shaw, ML	1
Eberhart, S; Robertson, SA	1
Davies, A; Gent, JP; Goodchild, CS; Guo, Z	1
Brill, T; Erhardt, W; Henke, J; Lendl, C; Matis, U; Otto, K; Roberts, U	1
Peukert, A; Troitzsch, D; Vogt, S	1
Citino, SB; Dawson, R; Schumacher, J	1
Harkins, JD; Mundy, GD; Queiroz-Neto, A; Tobin, T; West, D	1
Breton, L; Courtois, R; Delvaux, H; Patenaude, R	1
Caulkett, NA; Cribb, PH; Haigh, JC	1
Hayton, SM; Kriss, A; Muller, DP	1
González Gil, A; Illera, JC; Illera, M; Silván, G	3
Gaynor, JS; Larsen, RS; Moresco, A; Sleeman, JM; Wild, MA	1
Adams, KA; Miller, BF; Miller, KV; Muller, LI; Osborn, DA; Ramsay, EC; Storms, TN; Warren, RJ	1
Cragg, PA; Schwenke, DO	1
Baudelet, C; Gallez, B	1
Baumgartner, C; Eberspächer, E; Erhardt, W; Henke, J; Röltgen, I	1
Lance, WR; Miller, MW; Wolfe, LL	1
Clippinger, TL; Howard, LL; Kearns, KS; Larsen, RS; Morris, PJ	1
Astner, S; Brill, T; Busch, R; Eissner, B; Erhardt, W; Henke, J	1
Miller, KV; Osborn, DA; Ramsay, EC; Schumacher, J; Storms, TN; Zagaya, N	1
Drevemo, SA; Grootenhuis, JG; Karstad, L	1
Miller, KV; Osborn, DA; Ramsay, EC; Schumacher, J; Storms, TN	1
Muller, AA; Osterhoudt, KC; Wingert, W	1
Curtis, JA; Wingert, WE; Wong, SC	1
Fick, LG; Fuller, A; Hetem, RS; Matthee, A; Meyer, LC; Mitchell, D	1
Caulkett, NA; Paterson, JM; Woodbury, MR	1
Burne, TH; Johnston, AN; Kendrick, KM; Wilkinson, LS	1
Kilgallon, CP; Lamberski, N; Larsen, RS	1
Alcantar, BE; Chirife, AD; Cushing, A; Lohe, T; McClean, M; Stanford, M	1
Armstrong, DL; Loskutoff, NM; Napier, JE; Simmons, LG	1
Kellie, KA; Kreeger, TJ	1
Bjornlie, D; Clapp, J; Clark, C; Hansen, C; Huizenga, M; Kreeger, TJ; Lockwood, S; Thompson, D	1
Kalk, P; Moore, RP; Rainwater, KL; Sykes, JM; Valitutto, MT	1
Albrecht, M; Guth, B; Henke, J; Markert, M; Tacke, S	2
Arnemo, JM; Beckmen, KB; Bentzen, TW; Demma, DJ; Lian, M	1
Holst, JJ; Pedersen, J; Windeløv, JA	1
Edner, A; Fahlman, Å; Foggin, C; Nyman, G; Wenger, S	1
Álvarez-Barcia, A; García-Medrano, B; Gayoso, MJ; Martín-Ferrero, MA; Moreno-Mateo, F	1
DeJoseph, ME; Gill, JR; Nunez, J	1
Johnson, C; Johnson, J; Pizzicato, L; Viner, K	1
Chini, M; Dieter, A; Formozov, A; Hanganu-Opatz, IL; Morellini, F; Piechocinski, P; Pöpplau, JA; Rais, C; Sporns, O; Wiegert, JS; Yang, W	1
Haviland, KL; Korn, WR; Stickle, DF; Stone, MD; Toohey, JM	1
Beriault, DR; Bowles, JM; Delaney, S; Maghsoudi, N; McDonald, K; Stefan, C; Thompson, H; Werb, D; Wong, E	1
Bourgois, P; Dye, D; Friedman, J; Goodman-Meza, D; Montero, F; Shover, C; Wahbi, R	1
Aks, S; Arunkumar, P; Berg, S; Chhabra, N; Hinami, K; Hua, MJ; Mir, M; Nowinski-Konchak, J	1
Barbieri, EJ; Kacinko, SL; Logan, BK; Mohr, ALA	1
Gill, EL; Mack, EA; Milone, MC; Osterhoudt, KC; Shaw, LM	1
Alenbey, M; Alpay, Ş; Kazdağlı, H; Özbek, M; Özel, HF	1
Abate, MA; Dai, Z; Kraner, JC; Lundstrom, E; Mock, AR; Sibbesen, J; Smith, GS	1
Aschenbrenner, DS	1
Aldy, K; Amaducci, A; Brent, J; Calello, D; Hendrickson, R; Hughes, A; Judge, B; Krotulski, AJ; Kurt, A; Levine, M; Logan, BK; Love, JS; Manini, AF; Pizon, A; Schwarz, E; Shulman, J; Vargas-Torres, C; Walton, SE; Wax, P; Wiegan, T	1
Appley, MG; Burnett, M; Gladden, RM; Heilman, D; Lopes, J; Russell, E; Rybak, M; Sisco, E; Thomson, A	1
Rubin, R	1
Copeland, CS; Duffy, J; Lawson, AJ; Mellor, A; Rock, KL; Treble, R	1
Choi, S; Irwin, MR; Kiyatkin, EA	1
Anthony, N; Delcher, C; Mir, M	1
Goldberger, BA; Kariisa, M; Kumar, S; Mattson, CL; O'Donnell, J	1
Badea, A; Collins, AB; Elmaleh, R; Guan, Y; Krieger, M; Macon, EC; Morales, A; Shihipar, A; Smith, MC; Wightman, RS	1
Gipson, CD; Strickland, JC	1
Friedman, NMG; Glenn, MJ; Molina, CA	1
Bourgois, P; Friedman, J; Montero, F; Tamang, S; Zhu, DT	1
Gonyea, J; Hime, GW; Moore, DM; Potoukian, RB; Shoff, EN	1
Cárdenas-Quesada, J; Farré, M; Torrens, M	1
D'Orazio, J; Haroz, R; Nelson, L; Perrone, J; Wightman, R	1
Dasgupta, N; Fiuty, P; Miller, CW; Nocera, M; Page, K; Tarhuni, LJ; Tracy, EC; Wagner, KD	1
Leconte, CE; Sethi, R	1

Reviews

1 review(s) available for xylazine and fentanyl

Article	Year
Xylazine Adulteration of the Heroin-Fentanyl Drug Supply : A Narrative Review. Annals of internal medicine, 2023, Volume: 176, Issue:10 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Heroin; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Xylazine	2023

Trials

6 trial(s) available for xylazine and fentanyl

Article	Year
Anaesthesia with midazolam/medetomidine/fentanyl in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) compared to anaesthesia with xylazine/ketamine and medetomidine/ketamine. Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine, 2004, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Chinchilla; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Respiration; Xylazine	2004
Comparative study of three intramuscular anaesthetic combinations (medetomidine/ketamine, medetomidine/fentanyl/midazolam and xylazine/ketamine) in rabbits. Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2005, Volume: 32, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Fentanyl; Hemodynamics; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Prospective Studies; Rabbits; Treatment Outcome; Xylazine	2005
Effects of ketamine on carfentanil and xylazine immobilization of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2006, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Animals, Wild; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Cross-Over Studies; Deer; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Hypoxia; Immobilization; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Male; Respiration; Time Factors; Xylazine	2006
Comparison of thiafenantil-xylazine and carfentanil-xylazine for immobilization of gemsbok (Oryx gazella). Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2010, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Antelopes; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fentanyl; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Male; Xylazine	2010
Anesthesia of Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) using thiafentanil - xylazine and carfentanil - xylazine. Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2011, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Cattle; Fentanyl; Xylazine	2011
Comparison of carfentanil-xylazine and thiafentanil-medetomidine in electroejaculation of captive gaur (Bos gaurus). Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2011, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Drug Combinations; Ejaculation; Electric Stimulation; Fentanyl; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Medetomidine; Narcotic Antagonists; Ruminants; Xylazine	2011

Other Studies

88 other study(ies) available for xylazine and fentanyl

Article	Year
Neuroleptanalgesic drug combinations in the anaesthetic management of small laboratory animals. Laboratory animals, 1975, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Butyrophenones; Cricetinae; Diazepam; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Etorphine; Fentanyl; Guinea Pigs; Halothane; Imidazoles; Ketamine; Methohexital; Methotrimeprazine; Mice; Neuroleptanalgesia; Pentobarbital; Piperazines; Rabbits; Rats; Xylazine	1975
Objective tests of analgesic drugs in ponies. American journal of veterinary research, 1979, Volume: 40, Issue:8 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fentanyl; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Meperidine; Methadone; Oxymorphone; Pain; Pentazocine; Xylazine	1979
Immobilisation of free-ranging wild animals using a new drug. The Veterinary record, 1978, Jul-22, Volume: 103, Issue:4 Topics: Animal Population Groups; Animals; Animals, Wild; Artiodactyla; Azaperone; Elephants; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Morphinans; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Perissodactyla; Xylazine	1978
Anaesthesia in okapis. Acta zoologica et pathologica Antverpiensia, 1978, Issue:71 Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Artiodactyla; Azaperone; Etorphine; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Male; Nalorphine; Xylazine	1978
Tonography in the normal and glaucomatous beagle. American journal of veterinary research, 1977, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Topics: Acepromazine; Animals; Aqueous Humor; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Droperidol; Drug Combinations; Fentanyl; Glaucoma; Immobilization; Intraocular Pressure; Ketamine; Procaine; Xylazine	1977
Fallow deer immobilisation with fentanyl and a neuroleptic. The Veterinary record, 1977, Apr-30, Volume: 100, Issue:18 Topics: Animals; Azaperone; Deer; Female; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Levallorphan; Male; Naloxone; Thiazines; Time Factors; Xylazine	1977
An evaluation of sedatives and anesthetics in the agouti (Dasyprocta sp). Laboratory animal science, 1976, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Pt l Topics: Analgesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Droperidol; Female; Fentanyl; Halothane; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Ketamine; Male; Phencyclidine; Rodentia; Xylazine	1976
Ostrich (Struthio camelus) immobilisation using carfentanil and xylazine and reversal with yohimbine and naltrexone. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 1992, Volume: 63, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Birds; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Naltrexone; Xylazine; Yohimbine	1992
Anesthetic management of ostriches. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1992, Jun-01, Volume: 200, Issue:11 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Birds; Blood Pressure; Diazepam; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Respiration; Tiletamine; Xylazine; Zolazepam	1992
The effects of xylazine and fentanyl on various hormones and metabolites in karakul sheep and a blesbok. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 1991, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antelopes; Blood Glucose; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Insulin; Sheep; Xylazine	1991
Immobilization of gray wolves (Canis lupus) with sufentanil citrate. Journal of wildlife diseases, 1990, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Arousal; Carnivora; Etorphine; Female; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Male; Naloxone; Sufentanil; Xylazine; Yohimbine	1990
The effects of pentobarbital, fentanyl-droperidol, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam on arterial blood pH, blood gases, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in adult male rats. Laboratory animal science, 1987, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Diazepam; Droperidol; Drug Combinations; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ketamine; Male; Neuroleptanalgesia; Oxygen; Pentobarbital; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Respiration; Xylazine	1987
Effects of chemical immobilisation on the blood composition of impala (Aepyceros melampus (Lichtenstein). Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 1988, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antelopes; Artiodactyla; Drug Combinations; Etorphine; Female; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Male; Morphinans; Thiazines; Time Factors; Xylazine	1988
A comparison of pentobarbital, fentanyl-droperidol, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam anesthesia in adult male rats. Laboratory animal science, 1987, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Animals; Diazepam; Droperidol; Drug Combinations; Fentanyl; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Ketamine; Male; Pentobarbital; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Xylazine	1987
The effects of pentobarbital, fentanyl-droperidol, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam on noxious stimulus perception in adult male rats. Laboratory animal science, 1987, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Diazepam; Droperidol; Drug Combinations; Fentanyl; Ketamine; Male; Neuroleptanalgesia; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pentobarbital; Perception; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Xylazine	1987
The effects of pentobarbital, fentanyl-droperidol, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam on core and surface body temperature regulation in adult male rats. Laboratory animal science, 1987, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Diazepam; Droperidol; Drug Combinations; Fentanyl; Ketamine; Male; Neuroleptanalgesia; Pentobarbital; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors; Xylazine	1987
Anesthesia in the Richardson's ground squirrel: comparison of ketamine, ketamine and xylazine, droperidol and fentanyl, and sodium pentobarbital. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1986, Nov-01, Volume: 189, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Droperidol; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Ketamine; Pentobarbital; Sciuridae; Xylazine	1986
Chemical immobilization of free-ranging North American bison (Bison bison) in Badlands National Park, South Dakota. Journal of wildlife diseases, 1987, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Artiodactyla; Female; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; South Dakota; Thiazines; Xylazine	1987
Carfentanil and xylazine for immobilization of moose (Alces alces) on Isle Royale. Journal of wildlife diseases, 1985, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Blood; Body Temperature; Deer; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Immobilization; Injections; Male; Respiration; Thiazines; Xylazine	1985
Use of carfentanil and a ketamine-xylazine mixture to immobilise wild grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). The Veterinary record, 1985, Feb-23, Volume: 116, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Caniformia; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Ketamine; Male; Naloxone; Seals, Earless; Thiazines; Xylazine	1985
[Practical advice concerning the immobilization of wild and zoo animals]. Tierarztliche Praxis, 1985, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Acepromazine; Animal Population Groups; Animals; Animals, Wild; Animals, Zoo; Central Nervous System Depressants; Drug Combinations; Etorphine; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Ketamine; Species Specificity; Tranquilizing Agents; Xylazine	1985
The effect of immobilizing drugs on adrenal responsiveness to ACTH in Rusa deer. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology, 1984, Volume: 78, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anesthetics; Animals; Deer; Fentanyl; Hydrocortisone; Immobilization; Male; Thiazines; Xylazine	1984
A comparative study with various anesthetics in mice (pentobarbitone, ketamine-xylazine, carfentanyl-etomidate). Research in experimental medicine. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte experimentelle Medizin einschliesslich experimenteller Chirurgie, 1984, Volume: 184, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Animals; Cardiovascular System; Etomidate; Fentanyl; Ketamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pentobarbital; Respiration; Xylazine	1984
On the immobilization of hartebeest and kob in Upper Volta. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 1981, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antelopes; Antidotes; Artiodactyla; Azaperone; Burkina Faso; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Nalorphine; Species Specificity; Trypanosomiasis, African; Xylazine	1981
Effects of chemical immobilization on hematologic and serum chemical values in captive white-tailed deer. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1981, Dec-01, Volume: 179, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Central Nervous System Depressants; Deer; Etorphine; Fentanyl; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Immobilization; Morphinans; Succinylcholine; Thiazines; Xylazine	1981
Capture of wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) using carfentanil-based mixtures. Journal of wildlife diseases, 1995, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Bison; Diprenorphine; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Northwest Territories; Piperidines; Tranquilizing Agents; Xylazine	1995
Complications with the use of carfentanil citrate and xylazine hydrochloride to immobilize domestic horses. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1995, Mar-15, Volume: 206, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Fentanyl; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hypertension; Immobilization; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Pulmonary Edema; Tachycardia; Xylazine	1995
Efficacy of the intranasal route for administration of anesthetic agents to adult rabbits. Laboratory animal science, 1994, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Animals; Droperidol; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Ketamine; Male; Midazolam; Oxygen; Rabbits; Respiration; Tiletamine; Xylazine; Zolazepam	1994
Antinociceptive actions of intrathecal xylazine: interactions with spinal cord opioid pathways. British journal of anaesthesia, 1996, Volume: 76, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Bicuculline; Dioxanes; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Fentanyl; Idazoxan; Imidazoles; Male; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord; Xylazine	1996
[Clinical investigations of an i.m. combination anesthesia with fentanylclimazolam/xylazine and postoperative i.v. antagonism with naloxone/sarmazenil/yohimbine in guinea pigs]. Tierarztliche Praxis, 1996, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Guinea Pigs; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Midazolam; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Xylazine; Yohimbine	1996
[Study of long-term anesthesia in rabbits]. Tierarztliche Praxis, 1996, Volume: 24, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Etomidate; Fentanyl; Hemodynamics; Ketamine; Male; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Rabbits; Respiration; Time Factors; Xylazine	1996
Effects of a carfentanil-xylazine combination on cardiopulmonary function and plasma catecholamine concentrations in female bongo antelopes. American journal of veterinary research, 1997, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Antelopes; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Desoxycorticosterone; Drug Interactions; Female; Fentanyl; Hemodynamics; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Injections, Intramuscular; Norepinephrine; Oximetry; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Respiration; Time Factors; Xylazine	1997
Development and characterization of an equine behaviour chamber and the effects of amitraz and detomidine on spontaneous locomotor activity. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fentanyl; Horses; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Injections, Intravenous; Insect Repellents; Locomotion; Male; Motor Activity; Narcotics; Toluidines; Xylazine	1997
Relative efficiency of succinylcholine, xylazine, and carfentanil/xylazine mixtures to immobilize free-ranging moose. Journal of wildlife diseases, 1999, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Deer; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Male; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Species Specificity; Succinylcholine; Time Factors; Xylazine	1999
Comparative cardiopulmonary effects of carfentanil-xylazine and medetomidine-ketamine used for immobilization of mule deer and mule deer/white-tailed deer hybrids. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire, 2000, Volume: 64, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Wild; Deer; Fentanyl; Fever; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypoxia; Immobilization; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Respiration; Xylazine	2000
Comparison of the effects of four anaesthetic agents on somatosensory evoked potentials in the rat. Laboratory animals, 1999, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Butyrophenones; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Fentanyl; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Weight Loss; Xylazine	1999
The effects of different anaesthetic treatments on the adreno-cortical functions and glucose levels in NZW rabbits. Journal of physiology and biochemistry, 2000, Volume: 56, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Glucose; Corticosterone; Diazepam; Droperidol; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Hydrocortisone; Ketamine; Pentobarbital; Rabbits; Reflex; Respiration; Thiopental; Xylazine	2000
Plasma glucocorticoid concentrations after fentanyl-droperidol, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam anaesthesia in New Zealand white rabbits. The Veterinary record, 2001, Jun-23, Volume: 148, Issue:25 Topics: Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Corticosterone; Diazepam; Droperidol; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Hydrocortisone; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Ketamine; Rabbits; Respiration; Xylazine	2001
Effects of the anaesthetic/tranquillizer treatments on selected plasma biochemical parameters in NZW rabbits. Laboratory animals, 2003, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anesthetics; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Temperature; Conscious Sedation; Diazepam; Droperidol; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Injections, Intravenous; Ketamine; Rabbits; Reflex, Abnormal; Respiration; Tranquilizing Agents; Xylazine	2003
Use of naloxone to reverse carfentanil citrate-induced hypoxemia and cardiopulmonary depression in Rocky Mountain wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2001, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Cross-Over Studies; Deer; Electrocardiography; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Hypoxia; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Oximetry; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Respiration; Xylazine	2001
A comparison of carfentanil/xylazine and Telazol/xylazine for immobilization of white-tailed deer. Journal of wildlife diseases, 2003, Volume: 39, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics; Animals; Deer; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Immobilization; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Naltrexone; Random Allocation; Respiration; Safety; Tiletamine; Time Factors; Xylazine; Yohimbine; Zolazepam	2003
Comparison of the depressive effects of four anesthetic regimens on ventilatory and cardiovascular variables in the guinea pig. Comparative medicine, 2004, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Droperidol; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fentanyl; Guinea Pigs; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Ketamine; Pentobarbital; Plethysmography; Respiration; Xylazine	2004
Effect of anesthesia on the signal intensity in tumors using BOLD-MRI: comparison with flow measurements by Laser Doppler flowmetry and oxygen measurements by luminescence-based probes. Magnetic resonance imaging, 2004, Volume: 22, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Droperidol; Fentanyl; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mice; Muscle, Skeletal; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Pentobarbital; Xylazine	2004
Immobilization of mule deer with thiafentanil (A-3080) or thiafentanil plus xylazine. Journal of wildlife diseases, 2004, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Deer; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Male; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Random Allocation; Respiration; Time Factors; Xylazine; Yohimbine	2004
Chemical immobilization of rhebok (Pelea capreolus) with carfentanil-xylazine or etorphine-xylazine. Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2004, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Animals, Wild; Antelopes; Carbon Dioxide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Etorphine; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Oxygen; Respiration; Time Factors; Xylazine	2004
Determination and evaluation of an optimal dosage of carfentanil and xylazine for the immobilization of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Journal of wildlife diseases, 2005, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Deer; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Respiration; Safety; Time Factors; Xylazine; Yohimbine; Zolazepam	2005
Experience with drugs for capture and restraint of wildebeest, impala, eland and hartebeest in Kenya. Journal of wildlife diseases, 1976, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Acepromazine; Animals; Animals, Wild; Antelopes; Azaperone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Etorphine; Fentanyl; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Kenya; Xylazine	1976
Heroin: what's in the mix? Annals of emergency medicine, 2007, Volume: 50, Issue:3 Topics: Clenbuterol; Fentanyl; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Quinine; Scopolamine; Xylazine	2007
Concurrent detection of heroin, fentanyl, and xylazine in seven drug-related deaths reported from the Philadelphia Medical Examiner's Office. Journal of forensic sciences, 2008, Volume: 53, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Coroners and Medical Examiners; Drug Contamination; Fentanyl; Forensic Toxicology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Heroin; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Illicit Drugs; Male; Middle Aged; Narcotics; Philadelphia; Xylazine	2008
Thermal, cardiorespiratory and cortisol responses of impala (Aepyceros melampus) to chemical immobilisation with 4 different drug combinations. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 2008, Volume: 79, Issue:3 Topics: Acepromazine; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Antelopes; Azaperone; Body Temperature Regulation; Etorphine; Female; Fentanyl; Hydrocortisone; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Respiration; Time Factors; Xylazine	2008
Physiologic effects of nasal oxygen or medical air administered prior to and during carfentanil-xylazine anesthesia in North American elk (Cervus canadensis manitobensis). Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2009, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Cross-Over Studies; Deer; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Immobilization; Injections, Intramuscular; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Random Allocation; Respiration; Time Factors; Xylazine	2009
Effects of anesthetic agents on socially transmitted olfactory memories in mice. Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2010, Volume: 93, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Butyrophenones; Central Nervous System Agents; Cues; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Food Preferences; Male; Memory; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuropsychological Tests; Olfactory Perception; Pentobarbital; Social Behavior; Time Factors; Xylazine	2010
Sufentanil citrate immobilization of Alaskan moose calves. Journal of wildlife diseases, 2012, Volume: 48, Issue:4 Topics: Alaska; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Animals, Wild; Deer; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fentanyl; Immobilization; Male; Naltrexone; Narcotics; Oxygen; Respiration; Sufentanil; Time Factors; Tolazoline; Xylazine	2012
Immobilization of Wyoming bears using carfentanil and xylazine. Journal of wildlife diseases, 2013, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fentanyl; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Male; Respiration; Ursidae; Wyoming; Xylazine	2013
Comparison of two injectable immobilization combinations in Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus): medetomidine, ketamine, and atipamezole versus carfentanil, xylazine, naltrexone, and atipamezole. Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2013, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Fentanyl; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Naltrexone; Ruminants; Xylazine	2013
Effects of isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine and a combination of medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl on physiological variables continuously measured by telemetry in Wistar rats. BMC veterinary research, 2014, Aug-23, Volume: 10 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Monitoring, Physiologic; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Telemetry; Xylazine	2014
Influence of repeated anaesthesia on physiological parameters in male Wistar rats: a telemetric study about isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine and a combination of medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl. BMC veterinary research, 2014, Dec-31, Volume: 10 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Telemetry; Xylazine	2014
THIAFENTANIL-AZAPERONE-XYLAZINE AND CARFENTANIL-XYLAZINE IMMOBILIZATIONS OF FREE-RANGING CARIBOU (RANGIFER TARANDUS GRANTI) IN ALASKA, USA. Journal of wildlife diseases, 2016, 04-28, Volume: 52, Issue:2 Topics: Alaska; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Azaperone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fentanyl; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Reindeer; Xylazine	2016
Use of anesthesia dramatically alters the oral glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in C57Bl/6 mice. Physiological reports, 2016, Volume: 4, Issue:11 Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Glucose; Butyrophenones; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Mice; Midazolam; Pentobarbital; Xylazine	2016
Pulmonary gas exchange and acid-base status during immobilisation of black rhinoceroses ( Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 2016, Dec-02, Volume: 87, Issue:1 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Animals, Wild; Azaperone; Dopamine Antagonists; Etorphine; Female; Fentanyl; Imidazoles; Immobilization; Male; Perissodactyla; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Xylazine; Zimbabwe	2016
Efficacy comparison of intraperitoneal anaesthesia and post-operative analgesia regimens in laboratory rats. Polish journal of veterinary sciences, 2020, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fentanyl; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Xylazine	2020
Xylazine, a Veterinary Tranquilizer, Detected in 42 Accidental Fentanyl Intoxication Deaths. The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology, 2021, Mar-01, Volume: 42, Issue:1 Topics: Accidents; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Chromatography, Liquid; Connecticut; Coroners and Medical Examiners; Drug Overdose; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Illicit Drugs; Male; Middle Aged; Substance-Related Disorders; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Xylazine; Young Adult	2021
Increasing presence of xylazine in heroin and/or fentanyl deaths, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2010-2019. Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Heroin; Humans; Philadelphia; United States; Xylazine	2021
Anesthetics fragment hippocampal network activity, alter spine dynamics, and affect memory consolidation. PLoS biology, 2021, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Female; Fentanyl; Hippocampus; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Memory Consolidation; Memory Disorders; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Midazolam; Nerve Net; Spine; Xylazine	2021
High prevalence of xylazine among fentanyl screen-positive urines from hospitalized patients, Philadelphia, 2021. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 2021, Volume: 521 Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Fentanyl; Humans; Philadelphia; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Xylazine	2021
Xylazine detected in unregulated opioids and drug administration equipment in Toronto, Canada: clinical and social implications. Harm reduction journal, 2021, 10-13, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Canada; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Xylazine	2021
Xylazine spreads across the US: A growing component of the increasingly synthetic and polysubstance overdose crisis. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022, 04-01, Volume: 233 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Heroin; Humans; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Xylazine	2022
Notes From the Field: Xylazine-Related Deaths - Cook County, Illinois, 2017-2021. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2022, 04-01, Volume: 71, Issue:13 Topics: Fentanyl; Humans; Illinois; Xylazine	2022
Xylazine: Pharmacology Review and Prevalence and Drug Combinations in Forensic Toxicology Casework. Journal of analytical toxicology, 2022, Oct-14, Volume: 46, Issue:8 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Benzodiazepines; Cannabinoids; Drug Combinations; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Forensic Toxicology; Heroin; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Prevalence; Suicide; Xylazine	2022
An Epidemic within a Pandemic: An 8-Year-Old Boy with Xylazine-Complicating Fentanyl Poisoning, and Drug Detection Challenges. The journal of applied laboratory medicine, 2022, 10-29, Volume: 7, Issue:6 Topics: Child; Fentanyl; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Xylazine	2022
Classical heart rate variability and nonlinear heart rate analysis in mice under Napentobarbital and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. Turkish journal of medical sciences, 2022, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Electrocardiography; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Ketamine; Male; Mice; Pentobarbital; Xylazine	2022
Characteristics of xylazine-related deaths in West Virginia-Xylazine-related deaths. The American journal on addictions, 2023, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Topics: Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; West Virginia; Xylazine	2023
Illicit Drugs May Contain Veterinary Tranquilizer. The American journal of nursing, 2023, 03-01, Volume: 123, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Naloxone; Xylazine	2023
Opioid overdoses involving xylazine in emergency department patients: a multicenter study. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2023, Volume: 61, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Coma; Drug Overdose; Emergency Service, Hospital; Fentanyl; Humans; Opiate Overdose; Prospective Studies; United States; Xylazine	2023
Rapid Analysis of Drugs: A Pilot Surveillance System To Detect Changes in the Illicit Drug Supply To Guide Timely Harm Reduction Responses - Eight Syringe Services Programs, Maryland, November 2021-August 2022. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2023, Apr-28, Volume: 72, Issue:17 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Harm Reduction; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Maryland; Xylazine	2023
Here's What to Know About Xylazine, aka Tranq, the Animal Tranquilizer Increasingly Found in Illicit Fentanyl Samples. JAMA, 2023, 06-13, Volume: 329, Issue:22 Topics: Animals; Drug Contamination; Fentanyl; Illicit Drugs; Xylazine	2023
The first drug-related death associated with xylazine use in the UK and Europe. Journal of forensic and legal medicine, 2023, Volume: 97 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Overdose; Europe; Fentanyl; Heroin; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Substance-Related Disorders; United Kingdom; United States; Xylazine	2023
Xylazine effects on opioid-induced brain hypoxia. Psychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 240, Issue:7 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Heroin; Humans; Hypothermia; Hypoxia; Hypoxia, Brain; Oxygen; Rats; Respiratory Insufficiency; Xylazine	2023
Xylazine-involved fatal overdoses and localized geographic clustering: Cook County, IL, 2019-2022. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023, 08-01, Volume: 249 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Illinois; Xylazine	2023
Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyl-Involved Overdose Deaths with Detected Xylazine - United States, January 2019-June 2022. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2023, Jun-30, Volume: 72, Issue:26 Topics: District of Columbia; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Opiate Overdose; United States; Xylazine	2023
Comprehensive testing and rapid dissemination of local drug supply surveillance data in Rhode Island. The International journal on drug policy, 2023, Volume: 118 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Rhode Island; United States; Xylazine	2023
Integrating public health and translational basic science to address challenges of xylazine adulteration of fentanyl. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2024, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Fentanyl; Ketamine; Public Health; Xylazine	2024
Harm reduction and emergency medical services: Opportunities for evidence-based programming. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2023, Volume: 72 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Harm Reduction; Heroin; Humans; Xylazine	2023
The emerging fentanyl-xylazine syndemic in the USA: challenges and future directions. Lancet (London, England), 2023, 11-25, Volume: 402, Issue:10416 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Fentanyl; Humans; Ketamine; Syndemic; Xylazine	2023
Prevalence of xylazine in overdose cases: An analysis of Miami-Dade County medical examiner case data. Journal of forensic sciences, 2023, Volume: 68, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Central Nervous System Depressants; Coroners and Medical Examiners; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Florida; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Xylazine	2023
Fentanyl and its derivatives, xylazine, and benzodiazepines: new sources of risk for acute poisonings. Emergencias : revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Medicina de Emergencias, 2023, Volume: 35, Issue:5 Topics: Benzodiazepines; Fentanyl; Humans; Xylazine	2023
Prevalence of fentanyl in methamphetamine and cocaine samples collected by community-based drug checking services. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023, 11-01, Volume: 252 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cocaine; Community Health Services; Crack Cocaine; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Methamphetamine; Powders; Prevalence; Xylazine	2023
The Appearance of Xylazine in the United States as a Fentanyl Adulterant. The primary care companion for CNS disorders, 2023, Oct-31, Volume: 25, Issue:6 Topics: Bradycardia; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Naloxone; United States; Xylazine	2023