Page last updated: 2024-08-23

vx and sarin

vx has been researched along with sarin in 128 studies

Research

Studies (128)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199010 (7.81)18.7374
1990's27 (21.09)18.2507
2000's37 (28.91)29.6817
2010's44 (34.38)24.3611
2020's10 (7.81)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Agnusdei, M; Belinskaya, T; Borriello, M; Brindisi, M; Butini, S; Campiani, G; Catalanotti, B; Fattorusso, C; Fiorini, I; Gemma, S; Nacci, V; Novellino, E; Panico, A; Persico, M; Ros, S; Saxena, A1
Bajgar, J3
Anderson, DR; Harris, LW; Lennox, WJ; Murrow, ML; Solana, RP; Wade, JV1
Dettbarn, WD; Gupta, RC1
Anderson, DR; Harris, LW; Koplovitz, I; Lennox, WJ; Stewart, JR1
Fiekers, JF; Heppner, TJ1
Bokonjić, D; Rosić, N1
Dettbarn, WD; Gupta, RC; Patterson, GT1
Anderson, DR; Harris, LW; Lennox, WJ; Solana, RP; Talbot, BG1
Bide, RW; Parker, D; Sawyer, TW; Thomas, N; Weiss, MT1
Naseem, SM1
Eldefrawi, AT; Eldefrawi, ME; Silveira, CL1
Albuquerque, EX; Aracava, Y; Boyne, AF; Deshpande, SS; Idriss, M; Kawabuchi, M; Rickett, DL1
Artursson, E; Bucht, G; Puu, G1
Andersen, RA; Fonnum, F; Malthe-Sørenssen, D; Odden, E1
Désiré, B; Saint-André, S1
Dawson, RM; Gray, PJ1
Beers, ET; Glenn, JF; Rickett, DL1
Liu, CH; Pei, SQ; Wang, ZX; Zhao, DL1
Harvey, B; Sellers, DJ; Watts, P1
Beck, HC; Benschop, HP; Van den Berg, GR1
Binenfeld, Z; Maksimović, M; Markov, V1
Szinicz, L; Worek, F1
Aikawa, N; Fujishima, S; Hori, S; Nogawa, S; Nozaki, H; Shinozawa, Y; Suzuki, M1
Brndiar, M; Fusek, J; Monhart, V; Tlustakova, M1
Koplovitz, I; Stewart, JR1
Ashani, Y; Cohen, E; Grunwald, J; Marcus, D; Papier, Y; Raveh, L1
Degenhardt-Langelaan, CE; Kientz, CE1
Belkin, M; Solberg, Y1
Ianno, LV; Musiĭchuk, IuI1
Holstege, CP; Kirk, M; Sidell, FR1
Munro, N1
Albuquerque, EX; Aracava, Y; Chebabo, SR; Rocha, ES; Santos, MD1
Broomfield, CA; Lockridge, O; Millard, CB1
Maxwell, DM; Sweeney, RE1
Acharya, J; Dube, SN; Dubey, DK; Kumar, D; Sikder, AK1
Jäppinen, A; Kukkonen, J; Nieminen, K; Nikmo, J; Riikonen, K1
Hartmann, HM1
Eyer, P; Reiter, G; Szinicz, L; Worek, F1
Klein, R; Leikin, JB; Meislin, HW; Thomas, RG; Walter, FG1
Amundson, DE; Devereaux, A; Lazarus, AA; Parrish, JS1
Bueters, TJ; Danhof, M; Groen, B; IJzerman, AP; Van Helden, HP1
Collins, GE; Mulchandani, A; Pumera, M; Wang, J1
Campo-Flores, A1
Huebner, HJ; Li, Y; Lum, KT; Phillips, TD; Raushel, FM1
Ashani, Y; Pistinner, S1
Lobert, S; Martin, T1
Kassa, J; Kuca, K1
Niven, AS; Roop, SA1
Newmark, J1
Inoue, N1
Feng, C; Xie, J1
Cramer, CJ; Emnett, RJ; Menke, JL; Patterson, EV; Seckute, J1
Seto, Y; Tsuge, K1
Gratziany, N; Heleg-Shabtai, V; Liron, Z1
Cohen, O; Kronman, C; Mazor, O; Ordentlich, A; Raveh, L; Shafferman, A1
Benton, BJ; Crouse, CL; Dabisch, PA; Jakubowski, EM; Matson, KL; McGuire, JM; Mioduszewski, RJ; Sommerville, DR; Thomson, SA1
Becker, G; Gutzeit, D; Kawan, A; Szinicz, L; Worek, F1
Bajgar, J; Jun, D; Kuca, K1
Ekström, F; Hörnberg, A; Tunemalm, AK1
Antonijevic, B; Stojiljkovic, MP1
Amine, A; Arduini, F; Moscone, D; Palleschi, G; Ricci, F1
Grauer, E; Levy, A1
Germanchuk, VG; Kadushkin, AM; Mandych, VG; Zabrodskii, PF1
Hrobak, PK1
Koplovitz, I; Maxwell, DM; Sweeney, RE; Worek, F1
Beck, JM; Hadad, CM1
Kanamori-Kataoka, M; Seto, Y2
Columbus, I; Gershonov, E; Zafrani, Y1
McDonough, JH; Shih, TM; Skovira, JW1
Estour, F; Lafont, O; Le Provost, R; Müller, S; Reiter, G; Tenberken, O; Thiermann, H; Wille, T; Worek, F1
Cui, W; Ge, X; Luo, W; Wang, H1
Thiermann, H; Wille, T; Worek, F1
McDonough, JH; O'Donnell, JC; Shih, TM2
Cabal, J; Holas, O; Karasova, JZ; Korabecny, J; Kuca, K; Pikula, J; Pohanka, M1
Columbus, I; Mizrahi, DM; Saphier, S1
Evans, RA; Jakubowski, EM; Johnson, RC; Lemire, SW; Noort, D; Renner, JA; Schmidt, JG; Sporty, JL; van der Schans, MJ; Williams, RF1
Guarisco, JA; Kan, RK; McDonough, JH; Myers, TM; Shih, TM1
Kaljurand, M; Kubáň, P; Makarõtševa, N; Seiman, A; Vaher, M1
Columbus, I; Goldvaser, M; Marciano, D; Zafrani, Y1
Alamneh, Y; Biggemann, L; Costante, M; Doctor, BP; Garcia, G; Nambiar, MP; Nigam, S; Short, R; Soojhawon, I; Valiyaveettil, M1
Bao, Y; Chen, J; Lin, Y; Liu, Q; Wu, B; Xie, J1
Creasy, WR; Fry, RA; McGarvey, DJ1
Collins, JL; Lee, R; Peng, X; Pierre, Z; Sciuto, AM; Witriol, A1
Chambers, HW; Chambers, JE; Meek, EC; Pringle, RB2
Bahnson, BJ; Cerasoli, DM; Kirby, SD; Norris, JR; Richard Smith, J1
Babu, UM; Condon, P; Mendez, A; Sambursky, R; VanDine, R1
Kehe, K; Thiermann, H; Worek, F1
Esposito, EX; Madura, JD; Stouch, TR; Wymore, T1
Blake, TA; Carter, MD; Crow, BS; Johnson, RC; Pantazides, BG; Perez, JW; Thomas, JD; Watson, CM1
Coleman, RM; Crow, BS; Hamelin, EI; Jakubowski, EM; Johnson, RC; Lawrence, RJ; Schulze, ND; Shaner, RL1
Chen, J; Feng, J; Guo, L; Li, C; Lin, Y; Liu, Q; Wu, B; Xie, J; Yan, L1
Acharya, J; Karade, HN; Kaushik, MP; Valiveti, AK1
Columbus, I; Elisha, S; Kaplan, D; Nir, I; Osovsky, R; Rotter, H1
Blake, TA; Brewer, BN; Carter, MD; Crenshaw, MD; Crow, BS; Evans, RA; Garton, JW; Johnson, RC; Pantazides, BG; Perez, JW; Quiñones-González, J; Read, RW; Riches, JR; Stubbs, SJ; Thomas, JD; Tomcik, DJ; Watson, CM1
Bhavaraju, MH; Chambers, HW; Chambers, JE; Funck, KE; Gwaltney, SR; Meek, EC; Pringle, RB1
Acharya, BN; Acharya, J; Bhalerao, UM; Halve, AK; Karade, HN; Kaushik, MP; Raviraju, G; Valiveti, AK1
Bajgar, J; Cabal, J; Kassa, J; Pavlík, M1
Caetano, MS; da Cunha, EF; de Castro, AA; Mancini, DT; Ramalho, TC; Rocha, EP; Silva, TC1
Chambers, HW; Chambers, JE; Meek, EC1
Chambers, HW; Chambers, JE; Funck, KE; Meek, EC; Pringle, RB; Ross, MK1
Acharya, BN; Acharya, J; Bhalerao, U; Karade, HN; Raviraju, G; Valiveti, AK1
Egoz, I; Gore, A; Grauer, E; Nili, U1
C C França, T; Cuya, T; da Silva, JAV; Gonçalves, ADS; Kuca, K; Ramalho, TC1
Gupta, AK; Kumar, V; Rana, H; Rao, VK; Raviraju, G1
Bealer, SL; Dudek, FE; Ekstrand, JJ; Lehmkuhle, MJ; McDonough, JH; Miller-Smith, SM; Scholl, EA1
Bae, SY; Winemiller, MD1
Balasubramanian, N; Chao, CK; Gerdes, JM; Thompson, CM1
Caetano, MS; da Cunha, EFF; de Castro, AA; Mancini, DT; Pereira, AF; Ramalho, TC; Silva, DR; Silva, TC; Soares, FV1
Crowley, M; Dando, M; Shang, L1
Chambers, JE; Meek, EC2
Ardinger, C; Dunn, E; Haines, K; Lee-Stubbs, R; Matson, L; McCarren, H; McDonough, J; Miller-Smith, S; Whitten, K1
Egoz, I; Gez, R; Gore, A; Kadar, T; Lazar, S; Nili, U; Rabinowitz, I; Yacov, G1
Kalisiak, J; Kovarik, Z; Maček Hrvat, N; Radić, Z; Sharpless, KB; Šinko, G; Taylor, P1
Escher, B; Job, L; Köhler, A; Skerra, A; Worek, F1
Garrett, TJ; Goldberger, BA; Rubin, KM1
Ardinger, CE; Berger, KE; Dunn, EN; Haines, KM; Jackson Piercy, CE; Lee-Stubbs, RB; Matson, LM; McCarren, HS; McDonough, JH; Miller-Smith, SM; Whitten, KA1
Bouknight, KD; Compton, JR; Guelta, MA; Harvey, SP; Jurkouich, KM; Khavrutskii, IV; Legler, PM1
Chen, J; Gao, R; Guo, L; Lin, Y; Liu, H; Liu, Q; Liu, Y; Lu, X; Wang, H; Wu, J; Xie, J; Xu, B; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y1
Leif, RN; Valdez, CA1
John, H; Lindl, T; Reuter, H; Schmeißer, W; Schrader, M; Thiermann, H1

Reviews

14 review(s) available for vx and sarin

ArticleYear
The role of excitotoxicity in organophosphorous nerve agents central poisoning.
    Trends in pharmacological sciences, 1997, Volume: 18, Issue:6

    Topics: Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Convulsants; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Humans; Neurons; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sarin; Seizures; Soman; Synaptic Transmission

1997
Chemical warfare. Nerve agent poisoning.
    Critical care clinics, 1997, Volume: 13, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Decontamination; Disaster Planning; Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman

1997
Toxicity of the organophosphate chemical warfare agents GA, GB, and VX: implications for public protection.
    Environmental health perspectives, 1994, Volume: 102, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Environmental Pollutants; Humans; Lethal Dose 50; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin

1994
A review of nerve agent exposure for the critical care physician.
    Critical care medicine, 2002, Volume: 30, Issue:10

    Topics: Antidotes; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Decontamination; Humans; Nervous System; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman

2002
Vesicants and nerve agents in chemical warfare. Decontamination and treatment strategies for a changed world.
    Postgraduate medicine, 2002, Volume: 112, Issue:4

    Topics: Antidotes; Arsenicals; Chemical Warfare; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Decontamination; Humans; Information Services; Internet; Irritants; Mustard Gas; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Primary Prevention; Protective Clothing; Sarin; Soman

2002
Chemical warfare. Toxicity of nerve agents.
    Critical care nurse, 2003, Volume: 23, Issue:5

    Topics: Antidotes; Chemical Warfare; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Decontamination; Humans; Nervous System; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin

2003
Inhalational exposure to nerve agents.
    Respiratory care clinics of North America, 2004, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Chemical Warfare Agents; Disaster Planning; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Injury; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman; United States

2004
Therapy for nerve agent poisoning.
    Archives of neurology, 2004, Volume: 61, Issue:5

    Topics: Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Humans; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Neurotoxins; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sarin; Soman

2004
[Neurological effects of chemical and biological weapons].
    Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology, 2003, Volume: 43, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Biological Warfare; Bioterrorism; Chemical Warfare; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Smallpox; Variola virus

2003
Unequal efficacy of pyridinium oximes in acute organophosphate poisoning.
    Clinical medicine & research, 2007, Volume: 5, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Antidotes; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Insecticides; Obidoxime Chloride; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Sarin; Trimedoxime

2007
Limitations and challenges in treatment of acute chemical warfare agent poisoning.
    Chemico-biological interactions, 2013, Dec-05, Volume: 206, Issue:3

    Topics: Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Decontamination; Humans; Mustard Gas; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Sarin

2013
Novel centrally active oxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by surrogates of sarin and VX.
    Neurobiology of disease, 2020, Volume: 133

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Humans; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Sarin

2020
Central neuroprotection demonstrated by novel oxime countermeasures to nerve agent surrogates.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2020, Volume: 1479, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; GPI-Linked Proteins; Male; Nerve Agents; Neuroprotection; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Rats; Sarin; United States

2020
Analysis of Organophosphorus-Based Nerve Agent Degradation Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): Current Derivatization Reactions in the Analytical Chemist's Toolbox.
    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021, Jul-30, Volume: 26, Issue:15

    Topics: Alkylation; Fluorobenzenes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Hydrolysis; Methylation; Nerve Agents; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman

2021

Other Studies

114 other study(ies) available for vx and sarin

ArticleYear
Exploiting protein fluctuations at the active-site gorge of human cholinesterases: further optimization of the design strategy to develop extremely potent inhibitors.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2008, Jun-12, Volume: 51, Issue:11

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Binding Sites; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Computational Biology; Crystallography, X-Ray; Drug Design; Humans; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tacrine

2008
Biological monitoring of exposure to nerve agents.
    British journal of industrial medicine, 1992, Volume: 49, Issue:9

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Diaphragm; Dogs; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Salivation; Sarin; Seizures; Soman

1992
Successful pretreatment/therapy of soman, sarin and VX intoxication.
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Phenylpropionates; Physostigmine; Poisoning; Sarin; Soman; Trihexyphenidyl; Tropanes

1992
Potential of memantine, D-tubocurarine, and atropine in preventing acute toxic myopathy induced by organophosphate nerve agents: soman, sarin, tabun and VX.
    Neurotoxicology, 1992,Fall, Volume: 13, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acute Disease; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Male; Memantine; Muscular Diseases; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarin; Soman; Tubocurarine

1992
Reduction by pyridostigmine pretreatment of the efficacy of atropine and 2-PAM treatment of sarin and VX poisoning in rodents.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1992, Volume: 18, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sarin

1992
The effects of irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on transmission through sympathetic ganglia of the bullfrog.
    Neuropharmacology, 1991, Volume: 30, Issue:8

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rana catesbeiana; Sarin; Soman; Synaptic Transmission

1991
The influence of inhibitors and other factors on cholinesterases.
    Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy university v Hradci Kralove, 1991, Volume: 34, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Sarin; Soman

1991
Anticonvulsive and protective effects of diazepam and midazolam in rats poisoned by highly toxic organophosphorus compounds.
    Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 1991, Volume: 42, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Male; Midazolam; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sarin; Soman

1991
Comparison of cholinergic and neuromuscular toxicity following acute exposure to sarin and VX in rat.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1991, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Male; Muscles; Necrosis; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sarin

1991
Physostigmine (alone and together with adjunct) pretreatment against soman, sarin, tabun and VX intoxication.
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 1991, Volume: 14, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Benztropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Sarin; Soman; Trihexyphenidyl

1991
Efficacy of an oximate-based skin decontaminant against organophosphate nerve agents determined in vivo and in vitro.
    Toxicology, 1991, Volume: 67, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Chick Embryo; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Decontamination; Diacetyl; Female; Male; Neurons; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sarin; Soman

1991
Effect of organophosphates on dopamine and muscarinic receptor binding in rat brain.
    Biochemistry international, 1990, Volume: 20, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; N-Methylscopolamine; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Muscarinic; Sarin; Scopolamine Derivatives; Soman; Spiperone

1990
Putative M2 muscarinic receptors of rat heart have high affinity for organophosphorus anticholinesterases.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1990, Volume: 103, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dioxolanes; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Echothiophate Iodide; Insecticides; Male; Myocardium; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Paraoxon; Parasympathomimetics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Muscarinic; Sarin; Soman; Tritium

1990
Multiple actions of anticholinesterase agents on chemosensitive synapses: molecular basis for prophylaxis and treatment of organophosphate poisoning.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1985, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Pt 2

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Ganglionic Blockers; Grasshoppers; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Rana pipiens; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Nicotinic; Sarin; Synapses

1985
Reactivation of nerve agent inhibited human acetylcholinesterases by HI-6 and obidoxime.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 1986, May-01, Volume: 35, Issue:9

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Caudate Nucleus; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Edrophonium; Humans; Muscles; Obidoxime Chloride; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Stereoisomerism

1986
Effects of organophosphates on presynaptic events in the vascularly perfused phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation from the rat.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 1987, Apr-01, Volume: 36, Issue:7

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diaphragm; Electric Stimulation; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Isoflurophate; Male; Muscles; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Perfusion; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sarin; Soman; Synapses

1987
Inactivation of sarin and soman by cyclodextrins in vitro.
    Experientia, 1987, Apr-15, Volume: 43, Issue:4

    Topics: alpha-Cyclodextrins; beta-Cyclodextrins; Cyclodextrins; Dextrins; gamma-Cyclodextrins; Kinetics; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Starch

1987
Kinetic constants for the inhibition of eel and rabbit brain acetylcholinesterase by some organophosphates and carbamates of military significance.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1987, Volume: 91, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbamates; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Eels; Kinetics; Neostigmine; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Rabbits; Sarin; Soman

1987
Central respiratory effects versus neuromuscular actions of nerve agents.
    Neurotoxicology, 1986,Spring, Volume: 7, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Cats; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diaphragm; Female; Male; Neuromuscular Junction; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Respiratory Center; Respiratory Insufficiency; Sarin; Soman

1986
[Effect of soman, sarin and VX on specific binding of 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate in rat cerebral cortex homogenates].
    Zhongguo yao li xue bao = Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 1983, Volume: 4, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Quinuclidines; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic; Sarin; Soman; Tritium

1983
The reactivation by oximes of phosphonylated acetylcholinesterase: the possible erroneous interpretation of reactivating potency.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 1984, Nov-01, Volume: 33, Issue:21

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Sarin; Soman

1984
Stereochemical analysis of the nerve agents soman, sarin, tabun, and VX by proton NMR-spectroscopy with optically active shift reagents.
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 1984, Volume: 33, Issue:5

    Topics: Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Indicators and Reagents; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Stereoisomerism

1984
[Direct reactions of pyridinium oximes with organophosphorus compounds].
    Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 1984, Volume: 35, Issue:3

    Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chemistry; Drug Interactions; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Sarin; Soman

1984
Cardiorespiratory function in nerve agent poisoned and oxime + atropine treated guinea-pigs: effect of pyridostigmine pretreatment.
    Archives of toxicology, 1995, Volume: 69, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Synergism; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart Function Tests; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Respiration; Respiratory Function Tests; Sarin

1995
A case of VX poisoning and the difference from sarin.
    Lancet (London, England), 1995, Sep-09, Volume: 346, Issue:8976

    Topics: Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Poisoning; Sarin

1995
Treatment of nerve gas poisoning.
    The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 1995, May-12, Volume: 37, Issue:948

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Gases; Humans; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Respiratory Protective Devices; Sarin; Soman

1995
Use of hemoperfusion in experimental intoxication with nerve agents.
    Artificial organs, 1994, Volume: 18, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dogs; Hemoperfusion; Male; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Poisoning; Sarin

1994
A comparison of the efficacy of HI6 and 2-PAM against soman, tabun, sarin, and VX in the rabbit.
    Toxicology letters, 1994, Feb-15, Volume: 70, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Diazepam; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rabbits; Sarin; Soman; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms

1994
Human butyrylcholinesterase as a general prophylactic antidote for nerve agent toxicity. In vitro and in vivo quantitative characterization.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 1993, Jun-22, Volume: 45, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Neutralization Tests; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarin; Soman

1993
Capillary gas chromatographic analysis of nerve agents using large volume injections.
    Journal of chromatography. A, 1996, Feb-02, Volume: 723, Issue:1

    Topics: Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chromatography, Gas; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoflurophate; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Water

1996
[Acute poisoning by neuroparalytic agents and its long-term effects].
    Meditsina truda i promyshlennaia ekologiia, 1997, Issue:6

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Chemical Industry; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases; Occupations; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Time Factors

1997
Differential inhibition of the brain acetylcholinesterase molecular forms following sarin, soman and VX intoxication in laboratory rats.
    Acta medica (Hradec Kralove), 1997, Volume: 40, Issue:4

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sarin; Soman

1997
An analysis of low level doses of cholinesterase inhibitors in cultured neurons and hippocampal slices of rats.
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 1998, Volume: 21 Suppl 1

    Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Culture Techniques; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Neurons; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Sarin; Sesquiterpenes; Tetrodotoxin

1998
Protein engineering of a human enzyme that hydrolyzes V and G nerve agents: design, construction and characterization.
    Chemico-biological interactions, 1999, May-14, Volume: 119-120

    Topics: Animals; Benzoylcholine; Binding Sites; Butyrylcholinesterase; Butyrylthiocholine; Cephamycins; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Design; Echothiophate Iodide; Humans; Hydrolysis; Inactivation, Metabolic; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Protein Engineering; Sarin; Soman; Torpedo

1999
A theoretical model of the competition between hydrolase and carboxylesterase in protection against organophosphorus poisoning.
    Mathematical biosciences, 1999, Volume: 160, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dichlorvos; Esterases; Isoflurophate; Lethal Dose 50; Models, Biological; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Sarin; Soman

1999
Antidotal efficacy of pyridinium oximes and cholineacetyltransferase inhibitors against organophosphorus intoxication in rodents.
    Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2000, Volume: 44, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; In Vitro Techniques; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Neuromuscular Junction; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sarin

2000
Modelling aerosol processes related to the atmospheric dispersion of sarin.
    Journal of hazardous materials, 2001, Aug-17, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Aerosols; Atmosphere; Chemical Warfare Agents; Mathematics; Models, Theoretical; Mustard Gas; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Thermodynamics

2001
Evaluation of risk assessment guideline levels for the chemical warfare agents mustard, GB, and VX.
    Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2002, Volume: 35, Issue:3

    Topics: Chemical Warfare Agents; Disaster Planning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guidelines as Topic; Inhalation Exposure; Maximum Allowable Concentration; Military Medicine; Mustard Gas; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Public Health; Risk Assessment; Sarin

2002
Reactivation kinetics of acetylcholinesterase from different species inhibited by highly toxic organophosphates.
    Archives of toxicology, 2002, Volume: 76, Issue:9

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Algorithms; Animals; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Enzyme Activation; Erythrocyte Membrane; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Kinetics; Obidoxime Chloride; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridines; Pyridinium Compounds; Rabbits; Rats; Sarin; Species Specificity

2002
Therapeutic efficacy of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) against organophosphate intoxication.
    Archives of toxicology, 2002, Volume: 76, Issue:11

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Adenosine; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Corpus Striatum; Male; Microdialysis; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Parathion; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sarin

2002
Measurements of chemical warfare agent degradation products using an electrophoresis microchip with contactless conductivity detector.
    Analytical chemistry, 2002, Dec-01, Volume: 74, Issue:23

    Topics: Chemical Warfare Agents; Electric Conductivity; Electrophoresis; Microchemistry; Miniaturization; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Sensitivity and Specificity; Soman

2002
The nerve gas next door.
    Newsweek, 2002, Dec-09, Volume: 140, Issue:24

    Topics: Alabama; Chemical Warfare Agents; Hazardous Waste; Humans; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Waste Management

2002
Organophosphate nerve agent toxicity in Hydra attenuata.
    Chemical research in toxicology, 2003, Volume: 16, Issue:8

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Artemia; Biological Assay; Chemical Warfare Agents; Hydra; Models, Molecular; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Time Factors; Toxicity Tests

2003
Estimation of the upper limit of human butyrylcholinesterase dose required for protection against organophosphates toxicity: a mathematically based toxicokinetic model.
    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2004, Volume: 77, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocytes; Esterases; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inactivation, Metabolic; Models, Biological; Nervous System Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Reproducibility of Results; Sarin; Soman

2004
In vitro reactivation of acetylcholinesterase using the oxime K027.
    Veterinary and human toxicology, 2004, Volume: 46, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Obidoxime Chloride; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Sarin; Structure-Activity Relationship

2004
[Determination of five nerve agents in contaminated serum by gas chromatography].
    Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography, 2005, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Chemical Warfare Agents; Chromatography, Gas; Humans; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Serum; Soman

2005
Ab initio molecular orbital and density functional studies on the solvolysis of sarin and O,S-dimethyl methylphosphonothiolate, a VX-like compound.
    The Journal of organic chemistry, 2005, Oct-28, Volume: 70, Issue:22

    Topics: Alkalies; Computational Biology; Hydrolysis; Hydroxides; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Sarin; Solubility

2005
Detection of human butyrylcholinesterase-nerve gas adducts by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis after in gel chymotryptic digestion.
    Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2006, Jun-21, Volume: 838, Issue:1

    Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chymotrypsin; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

2006
Separation and detection of VX and its methylphosphonic acid degradation products on a microchip using indirect laser-induced fluorescence.
    Electrophoresis, 2006, Volume: 27, Issue:10

    Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Chemical Warfare Agents; Electrophoresis, Microchip; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Lasers; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Sensitivity and Specificity

2006
Comparison of polyethylene glycol-conjugated recombinant human acetylcholinesterase and serum human butyrylcholinesterase as bioscavengers of organophosphate compounds.
    Molecular pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 70, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Binding Sites; Butyrylcholinesterase; Humans; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Polyethylene Glycols; Recombinant Proteins; Sarin; Soman; Survival Analysis; Tissue Distribution

2006
Effects of whole-body VX vapor exposure on lethality in rats.
    Inhalation toxicology, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:14

    Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarin; Sex Characteristics; Volatilization

2006
Direct reaction of oximes with crotylsarin, cyclosarin, or VX in vitro.
    Archives of toxicology, 2007, Volume: 81, Issue:6

    Topics: Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Decontamination; Half-Life; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Obidoxime Chloride; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Sarin; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

2007
Currently used cholinesterase reactivators against nerve agent intoxication: comparison of their effectivity in vitro.
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 2007, Volume: 30, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chlorpyrifos; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Obidoxime Chloride; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sarin; Soman; Tissue Extracts; Trimedoxime

2007
Crystal structures of acetylcholinesterase in complex with organophosphorus compounds suggest that the acyl pocket modulates the aging reaction by precluding the formation of the trigonal bipyramidal transition state.
    Biochemistry, 2007, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:16

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Histidine; Isoflurophate; Mice; Models, Molecular; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin

2007
Fast, sensitive and cost-effective detection of nerve agents in the gas phase using a portable instrument and an electrochemical biosensor.
    Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2007, Volume: 388, Issue:5-6

    Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chemical Warfare Agents; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Environmental Monitoring; Ferrocyanides; Gases; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Paraoxon; Sarin; Sensitivity and Specificity; Terrorism; Time Factors

2007
Oxotremorine-induced hypothermia as a method for evaluating long-term neuronal changes following poisoning by cholinesterase inhibitors in rats.
    Toxicology, 2007, Dec-05, Volume: 242, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Aldicarb; Animals; Body Temperature; Carbamates; Central Nervous System; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Hypothermia; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; N-Methylscopolamine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oxotremorine; Peripheral Nervous System; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recovery of Function; Reproducibility of Results; Sarin; Seizures; Time Factors; Toxicity Tests

2007
Role of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes and cytokines produced by these cells in suppression of immune reactions during subacute poisoning with anticholinesterase toxicants.
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2007, Volume: 144, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-4; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Poisoning; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sarin; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells

2007
Nerve agents: implications for anesthesia providers.
    AANA journal, 2008, Volume: 76, Issue:2

    Topics: Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Terrorism; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Decontamination; Humans; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nurse Anesthetists; Nurse's Role; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Time Factors

2008
A structure-activity analysis of the variation in oxime efficacy against nerve agents.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2008, Sep-01, Volume: 231, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Erythrocytes; Guinea Pigs; Linear Models; Male; Obidoxime Chloride; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Sarin; Structure-Activity Relationship

2008
Hydrolysis of nerve agents by model nucleophiles: a computational study.
    Chemico-biological interactions, 2008, Sep-25, Volume: 175, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Chemical Warfare Agents; Hydrolysis; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman

2008
Paraoxonase activity against nerve gases measured by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of human serum paraoxonase (PON1) polymorphism in the coding region (Q192R).
    Analytical biochemistry, 2009, Feb-01, Volume: 385, Issue:1

    Topics: Aryldialkylphosphatase; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Genotype; Humans; Hydrolysis; Molecular Structure; Open Reading Frames; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Sarin; Soman

2009
Facile hydrolysis-based chemical destruction of the warfare agents VX, GB, and HD by alumina-supported fluoride reagents.
    The Journal of organic chemistry, 2009, Jan-02, Volume: 74, Issue:1

    Topics: Adsorption; Aluminum Oxide; Chemical Warfare Agents; Fluorides; Hydrolysis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Mustard Gas; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Potassium Compounds; Reference Standards; Sarin; Surface Properties; Time Factors

2009
Effects of 4-pyridine aldoxime on nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in guinea pigs.
    Archives of toxicology, 2009, Volume: 83, Issue:12

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Guinea Pigs; Longevity; Male; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Salivation; Sarin; Seizures; Tears

2009
Detoxification of nerve agents by a substituted beta-cyclodextrin: application of a modified biological assay.
    Toxicology, 2009, Nov-30, Volume: 265, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; beta-Cyclodextrins; Biological Assay; Buffers; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Erythrocyte Membrane; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Structure; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sarin; Time Factors

2009
Targeting cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning with a novel blocker against both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
    Neurotoxicity research, 2010, Volume: 18, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Benzilates; Cell Line; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Guinea Pigs; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Sarin

2010
Development of a high-throughput screening for nerve agent detoxifying materials using a fully-automated robot-assisted biological assay.
    Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 2010, Volume: 24, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Biological Warfare Agents; Biomarkers; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cyclodextrins; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Erythrocytes; Guinea Pigs; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Macaca mulatta; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases; Rabbits; Rats; Robotics; Sarin; Software; Species Specificity; Swine

2010
Changes in extracellular striatal acetylcholine and brain seizure activity following acute exposure to nerve agents in freely moving guinea pigs.
    Toxicology mechanisms and methods, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Corpus Striatum; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Male; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Seizures; Soman

2010
Colorimetric dipstick for assay of organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents represented by paraoxon, sarin and VX.
    Talanta, 2010, Apr-15, Volume: 81, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Chemical Warfare Agents; Color; Colorimetry; Limit of Detection; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Paraoxon; Pesticides; Sarin

2010
Efficient heterogeneous and environmentally friendly degradation of nerve agents on a tungsten-based POM.
    Journal of hazardous materials, 2010, Jul-15, Volume: 179, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Chemical Warfare Agents; Crystallization; Environmental Pollution; Indicators and Reagents; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Mustard Gas; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Particle Size; Powders; Sarin; Tungsten; Tungsten Compounds

2010
Immunomagnetic separation and quantification of butyrylcholinesterase nerve agent adducts in human serum.
    Analytical chemistry, 2010, Aug-01, Volume: 82, Issue:15

    Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Immunomagnetic Separation; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pepsin A; Peptides; Sarin; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2010
The oxime pro-2-PAM provides minimal protection against the CNS effects of the nerve agents sarin, cyclosarin, and VX in guinea pigs.
    Toxicology mechanisms and methods, 2011, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Guinea Pigs; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Prodrugs; Sarin; Seizures

2011
In situ determination of nerve agents in various matrices by portable capillary electropherograph with contactless conductivity detection.
    Journal of chromatography. A, 2011, May-06, Volume: 1218, Issue:18

    Topics: Chemical Warfare Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Electric Conductivity; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Linear Models; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Reproducibility of Results; Sarin; Sensitivity and Specificity; Soil; Soman; Specimen Handling

2011
In vivo microdialysis and electroencephalographic activity in freely moving guinea pigs exposed to organophosphorus nerve agents sarin and VX: analysis of acetylcholine and glutamate.
    Archives of toxicology, 2011, Volume: 85, Issue:12

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electroencephalography; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Male; Microdialysis; Multivariate Analysis; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Seizures; Severity of Illness Index

2011
Catalytic degradation of the nerve agent VX by water-swelled polystyrene-supported ammonium fluorides.
    The Journal of organic chemistry, 2011, Oct-21, Volume: 76, Issue:20

    Topics: Adsorption; Ammonium Compounds; Animals; Catalysis; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chemistry, Organic; Civil Defense; Fluorides; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Organophosphonates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Polystyrenes; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sarin; Water

2011
Hydrolysis potential of recombinant human skin and kidney prolidase against diisopropylfluorophosphate and sarin by in vitro analysis.
    Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 2012, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dipeptidases; Humans; Hydrolysis; Isoflurophate; Kidney; Liver; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Recombinant Proteins; Sarin; Skin

2012
Quantification of nerve agent adducts with albumin in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry.
    Journal of chromatography. A, 2012, Mar-16, Volume: 1229

    Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chromatography, Liquid; Limit of Detection; Male; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Sarin; Serum Albumin; Soman; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tyrosine

2012
Reaction of nerve agents with phosphate buffer at pH 7.
    The journal of physical chemistry. A, 2012, Jul-12, Volume: 116, Issue:27

    Topics: Buffers; Chemical Warfare Agents; Half-Life; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Organophosphonates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Phosphates; Sarin; Soman; Water

2012
Determination of LCt(50)s in anesthetized rats exposed to aerosolized nerve agents.
    Toxicology mechanisms and methods, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aerosols; Anesthesia; Animals; Chemical Warfare Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Neurotoxins; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Sarin; Soman

2013
Testing of novel brain-penetrating oxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by nerve agent surrogates.
    Chemico-biological interactions, 2013, Mar-25, Volume: 203, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; GPI-Linked Proteins; Male; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarin; Seizures

2013
Human paraoxonase double mutants hydrolyze V and G class organophosphorus nerve agents.
    Chemico-biological interactions, 2013, Mar-25, Volume: 203, Issue:1

    Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Antidotes; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Catalytic Domain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Humans; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutant Proteins; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Paraoxon; Protein Engineering; Recombinant Proteins; Sarin; Soman; Substrate Specificity

2013
A 10-minute point-of-care assay for detection of blood protein adducts resulting from low level exposure to organophosphate nerve agents.
    Chemico-biological interactions, 2013, Mar-25, Volume: 203, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Proteins; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cross Reactions; Humans; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Point-of-Care Systems; Sarin; Soman

2013
Exploring the physicochemical properties of oxime-reactivation therapeutics for cyclosarin, sarin, tabun, and VX inactivated acetylcholinesterase.
    Chemical research in toxicology, 2014, Jan-21, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Chemistry, Physical; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Mice; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Sarin; Structure-Activity Relationship

2014
An enhanced butyrylcholinesterase method to measure organophosphorus nerve agent exposure in humans.
    Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2014, Volume: 406, Issue:21

    Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biological Assay; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Immunomagnetic Separation; In Vitro Techniques; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2014
Quantitation of five organophosphorus nerve agent metabolites in serum using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry.
    Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2014, Volume: 406, Issue:21

    Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Biotransformation; Buffers; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fluorides; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; In Vitro Techniques; Limit of Detection; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sarin; Solid Phase Extraction; Soman; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2014
Determination of nerve agent metabolites in human urine by isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase supported derivatization.
    Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2014, Volume: 406, Issue:21

    Topics: Biotransformation; Chemical Warfare Agents; Fluorobenzenes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Limit of Detection; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Organophosphonates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman

2014
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide derivatives as reactivators against sarin and VX inhibited human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE).
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2014, May-01, Volume: 22, Issue:9

    Topics: Acetamides; Acetylcholinesterase; Enzyme Assays; Humans; Kinetics; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Protein Binding; Pyridines; Sarin

2014
Decontamination of adsorbed chemical warfare agents on activated carbon using hydrogen peroxide solutions.
    Environmental science & technology, 2014, Sep-16, Volume: 48, Issue:18

    Topics: Adsorption; Charcoal; Chemical Warfare Agents; Decontamination; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mustard Gas; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Sarin; Solutions; Temperature; Water

2014
Simultaneous measurement of tabun, sarin, soman, cyclosarin, VR, VX, and VM adducts to tyrosine in blood products by isotope dilution UHPLC-MS/MS.
    Analytical chemistry, 2014, Oct-21, Volume: 86, Issue:20

    Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Reproducibility of Results; Sarin; Soman; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Time Factors; Tyrosine

2014
Novel nucleophiles enhance the human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1)-mediated detoxication of organophosphates.
    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2015, Volume: 143, Issue:1

    Topics: Antidotes; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Catalytic Domain; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Activators; Humans; Hydrolysis; Hydroxides; Inactivation, Metabolic; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Nitrophenols; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Sarin; Spectrophotometry; Water

2015
Synthesis and in vitro kinetic evaluation of N-thiazolylacetamido monoquaternary pyridinium oximes as reactivators of sarin, O-ethylsarin and VX inhibited human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE).
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2015, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Humans; Kinetics; Molecular Docking Simulation; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Sarin; Thiazoles

2015
Measurement of breakthrough volumes of volatile chemical warfare agents on a poly(2,6-diphenylphenylene oxide)-based adsorbent and application to thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis.
    Journal of chromatography. A, 2015, Sep-04, Volume: 1410

    Topics: Adsorption; Chemical Warfare Agents; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Mustard Gas; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Phenols; Polymers; Sarin; Soman; Volatilization

2015
Natural Detoxification Capacity to Inactivate Nerve Agents Sarin and VX in the Rat Blood.
    Acta medica (Hradec Kralove), 2015, Volume: 58, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Female; Inactivation, Metabolic; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sarin

2015
Molecular Docking, Metal Substitution and Hydrolysis Reaction of Chiral Substrates of Phosphotriesterase.
    Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening, 2016, Volume: 19, Issue:4

    Topics: Aluminum; Catalytic Domain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Metals; Molecular Docking Simulation; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases; Sarin; Soman; Stereoisomerism

2016
Novel brain-penetrating oximes for reactivation of cholinesterase inhibited by sarin and VX surrogates.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2016, Volume: 1374, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Activation; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Rats; Sarin; Survival Analysis

2016
Efficacy of novel phenoxyalkyl pyridinium oximes as brain-penetrating reactivators of cholinesterase inhibited by surrogates of sarin and VX.
    Chemico-biological interactions, 2016, Nov-25, Volume: 259, Issue:Pt B

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Cattle; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarin; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2016
Synthesis and in vitro reactivation study of isonicotinamide derivatives of 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide as reactivators of Sarin and VX inhibited human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE).
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2016, 09-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18

    Topics: Acetamides; Aminopyridines; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Erythrocyte Membrane; Humans; Kinetics; Niacinamide; Obidoxime Chloride; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Sarin

2016
Optimization of the Ocular Treatment Following Organophosphate Nerve Agent Insult.
    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2017, 09-01, Volume: 159, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Eye; Male; Miosis; Nerve Agents; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pupil; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Sarin; Tropanes; Vision, Ocular

2017
The role of the oximes HI-6 and HS-6 inside human acetylcholinesterase inhibited with nerve agents: a computational study.
    Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics, 2018, Volume: 36, Issue:13

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Nerve Agents; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Sarin

2018
Highly selective and sensitive chromogenic detection of nerve agents (sarin, tabun and VX): a multianalyte detection approach.
    Chemical communications (Cambridge, England), 2017, Nov-30, Volume: 53, Issue:96

    Topics: Ferrous Compounds; Fluorescent Dyes; Molecular Structure; Nerve Agents; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin

2017
Age-dependent behaviors, seizure severity and neuronal damage in response to nerve agents or the organophosphate DFP in immature and adult rats.
    Neurotoxicology, 2018, Volume: 66

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Female; Isoflurophate; Male; Nerve Agents; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Seizures

2018
Trace Level Analysis of Sarin and VX in Food Using Normal Phase Silica Gel and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS).
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2018, Jul-25, Volume: 66, Issue:29

    Topics: Animals; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Eggs; Food Contamination; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Milk; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Silica Gel; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2018
The inhibition, reactivation and mechanism of VX-, sarin-, fluoro-VX and fluoro-sarin surrogates following their interaction with HuAChE and HuBuChE.
    Chemico-biological interactions, 2018, Aug-01, Volume: 291

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Enzyme Activation; Fluorescence; Humans; Kinetics; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Paraoxon; Sarin; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

2018
Asymmetric biodegradation of the nerve agents Sarin and VX by human dUTPase: chemometrics, molecular docking and hybrid QM/MM calculations.
    Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics, 2019, Volume: 37, Issue:8

    Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Catalytic Domain; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Molecular Docking Simulation; Nerve Agents; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Principal Component Analysis; Pyrophosphatases; Quantum Theory; Sarin

2019
Act now to close chemical-weapons loophole.
    Nature, 2018, Volume: 562, Issue:7727

    Topics: Central Nervous System; Chemical Warfare; Congresses as Topic; Humans; Law Enforcement; Nerve Agents; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin

2018
Neuroprotection From Organophosphate-Induced Damage by Novel Phenoxyalkyl Pyridinium Oximes in Rat Brain.
    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2018, Dec-01, Volume: 166, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Male; Neuroprotection; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Piriform Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarin

2018
Evaluation of first-line anticonvulsants to treat nerve agent-induced seizures and prevent neuropathology in adult and pediatric rats.
    Neurotoxicology, 2019, Volume: 74

    Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anticonvulsants; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrocorticography; Female; Male; Midazolam; Nerve Agents; Nervous System Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarin; Seizures; Status Epilepticus

2019
Ocular surface histopathological insult following sarin and VX exposure and potential treatments in the rat model.
    Toxicology letters, 2019, Oct-10, Volume: 314

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Blinking; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cytoprotection; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eye; GPI-Linked Proteins; Male; Miosis; Muscarinic Antagonists; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats, Long-Evans; Sarin; Time Factors

2019
Evaluation of high-affinity phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline aldoximes, linked through anti-triazoles, as reactivators of phosphylated cholinesterases.
    Toxicology letters, 2020, Mar-15, Volume: 321

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Enzyme Activation; GPI-Linked Proteins; Humans; Kinetics; Nerve Agents; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Protein Conformation; Sarin; Structure-Activity Relationship

2020
A catalytic bioscavenger with improved stability and reduced susceptibility to oxidation for treatment of acute poisoning with neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds.
    Toxicology letters, 2020, Mar-15, Volume: 321

    Topics: Antidotes; Bacterial Proteins; Caulobacteraceae; Drug Stability; Enzyme Stability; Hot Temperature; Mutation; Nerve Agents; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases; Protein Denaturation; Recombinant Proteins; Sarin; Soman

2020
Detection of Chemical Weapon Nerve Agents in Bone by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
    Journal of analytical toxicology, 2020, May-18, Volume: 44, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Limit of Detection; Nerve Agents; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Swine

2020
Evaluation of fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and propofol as treatments for nerve agent-induced seizures in pediatric and adult rats.
    Neurotoxicology, 2020, Volume: 79

    Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Levetiracetam; Male; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Phenytoin; Propofol; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarin; Sex Factors; Status Epilepticus

2020
Structural and kinetic evidence of aging after organophosphate inhibition of human Cathepsin A.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 2020, Volume: 177

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Binding Sites; Cathepsin A; Cell Line; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Crystallography, X-Ray; Gene Expression; GPI-Linked Proteins; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Isoflurophate; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; Protein Conformation, beta-Strand; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Recombinant Proteins; Sarin; Soman; Substrate Specificity; Time Factors

2020
Sensitive Untargeted Screening of Nerve Agents and Their Degradation Products Using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry.
    Analytical chemistry, 2020, 08-04, Volume: 92, Issue:15

    Topics: Chemical Warfare Agents; Chromatography, Liquid; Databases, Chemical; Mass Spectrometry; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Sensitivity and Specificity; Small Molecule Libraries; Soman

2020
Phosphonylated tyrosine and lysine residues as biomarkers of local exposure of human hair to the organophosphorus nerve agents sarin and VX.
    Drug testing and analysis, 2023, Volume: 15, Issue:7

    Topics: Biomarkers; Chemical Warfare Agents; Hair; Humans; Lysine; Nerve Agents; Organophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tyrosine

2023