vitamin-u and methionine-methyl-ester

Amiodarone (AMD) is a powerful antiarrhythmic drug preferred for treatments of tachycardias. Brain can be affected negatively when some drugs are used, including antiarrhythmics. S-methyl methionine sulfonium chloride (MMSC) is a well-known sulfur containing substance and a novel powerful antioxidant. It was intended to investigate the protective effects of MMSC on amiodarone induced brain damage. Rats were divided to four groups as follows, control (given corn oil), MMSC (50 mg/kg per day), AMD (100 mg/kg per day), AMD (100 mg/kg per day) + MMSC (50 mg/kg per day). The brain glutathione and total antioxidant levels, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, paraoxonase, and Na+/K+-ATPase activities were decreased, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index and reactive oxygen species levels, myeloperoxidase, acetylcholine esterase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were increased after AMD treatment. Administration of MMSC reversed these results. We can conclude that MMSC ameliorated AMD induced brain injury probably due to its antioxidant and cell protective effect.

Topics: Amiodarone; Animals; Antioxidants; Brain; Brain Injuries; Chlorides; Glutathione; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase; Vitamin U

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of dietary supplementation with methyl methionine sulfonium chloride (MMSC), and L-carnitine (L-CAR) alone or in combination on the growth performance of broilers through their impact on the expression of IGF-1 and MSTN genes associated with growth in broilers. One-day-old female Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated into four groups, each of which received a broiler starter diet and water daily ad libitum. The control group (group 1) was given drinking water without any additives. Group 2 received 0.25 g L-carnitine per liter of drinking water, group 3 received 0.25 g MMSC per liter of drinking water, and group 4 received 0.25 g of both L-carnitine and MMSC per liter of drinking water. Birds were given a starter diet to 21 days after which they received a broiler grower diet to 35 days when the experiment ended. There were five replicate groups of 12 birds per treatment. Body weights and feed intake were recorded weekly. Compared to the control group of birds, supplementation with MMSC either alone or in combination with L-carnitine resulted in an increase in growth rate or feed utilization efficiency; L-carnitine by itself had no effect. MMSC supplementation, again either alone or in combination with L-carnitine, increased jejunal and ileal villi height, increased serum total proteins and globulins, downregulated myostatin (MSTN) mRNA, and upregulated insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA expression. Supplementation with L-carnitine alone showed none of these effects. We conclude that MMSC supplementation improved growth performance through the upregulation of IGF-1 mRNA expression and downregulation of MSTN mRNA expression.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Carnitine; Chickens; Chlorides; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Insulin; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Methionine; Myostatin; Vitamin U

The objective of this study was to examine the protective effects of S-methyl methionine sulfonium chloride (MMSC) against galactosamine (GalN)-induced brain and cerebellum injury in rats. A total of 22 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: Group I (n = 5), intact animals; Group II (n = 6), animals received 50 mg/kg/day of MMSC by gavage technique for 3 consecutive days; Group III (n = 5), animals injected with a single dose of 500 mg/kg of GalN intraperitoneally (ip); and Group IV (n = 6), animals injected with the same dose of GalN 1 h after MMSC treatment. After 6 h of the last GalN treatment (at the end of the experiments), all animals were killed under anesthesia, brain and cerebellum tissues were dissected out. Reduced glutathione, total antioxidant status levels, and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-related enzymes), aryl esterase, and carbonic anhydrase activities remarkably declined whereas advanced oxidized protein products, reactive oxygen species, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index levels, and myeloperoxidase, acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, and xanthine oxidase activities were significantly elevated in the GalN group compared with intact rats. In contrast, the administration of MMSC to GalN groups reversed these alterations. In conclusion, we may suggest that MMSC has protective effects against GalN-induced brain and cerebellar toxicity in rats.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antioxidants; Brain; Carbonic Anhydrases; Catalase; Cerebellum; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chlorides; Female; Galactosamine; Glutathione; Lactate Dehydrogenases; Methionine; Oxidants; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidase; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sulfonium Compounds; Superoxide Dismutase; Vitamin U; Xanthine Oxidase

Enzymes operating in the S -methylmethionine cycle make a differential contribution to methionine synthesis in seeds. In addition, mutual effects exist between the S -methylmethionine cycle and the aspartate family pathway in seeds. Methionine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, is a key metabolite in plant cells. The previous lines of evidence proposed that the S-methylmethionine (SMM) cycle contributes to methionine synthesis in seeds where methionine that is produced in non-seed tissues is converted to SMM and then transported via the phloem into the seeds. However, the relative regulatory roles of the S-methyltransferases operating within this cycle in seeds are yet to be fully understood. In the current study, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis seeds with altered expression of three HOMOCYSTEINE S-METHYLTRANSFERASEs (HMTs) and METHIONINE S-METHYLTRANSFERASE (MMT), and profiled them for transcript and metabolic changes. The results revealed that AtHMT1 and AtHMT3, but not AtHMT2 and AtMMT, are the predominant enzymes operating in seeds as altered expression of these two genes affected the levels of methionine and SMM in transgenic seeds. Their manipulations resulted in adapted expression level of genes participating in methionine synthesis through the SMM and aspartate family pathways. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the regulatory roles of the SMM cycle and the mutual effects existing between the two methionine biosynthesis pathways, highlighting the complexity of the metabolism of methionine and SMM in seeds.

Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Methionine; Methyltransferases; Plants, Genetically Modified; Seeds; Vitamin U

We studied 15 patients clinically suspected to have recurrent brain tumor or radiation injury, using positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) and L-methyl-11C-methionine (11C-Met). PET with 11C-Met (Met-PET) clearly delineated the extent of recurrent brain tumor as focal areas of increased accumulation of 11C-Met, and was useful for early detection of recurrent brain tumor. PET with 18FDG (FDG-PET) showed focal 18FDG-hypermetabolism in one patient with malignant transformation of low grade glioma, and demonstrated its usefulness for evaluation of malignant transformation. 18FDG-hypometabolism was observed in all patients with radiation injury, but was also found in one patient with recurrent malignant brain tumor. 11C-Met uptake in 3 patients with radiation injury was similar to that of the normal cortical tissue. FDG-PET can be used to initially exclude recurrent brain tumor which is seen as 18FDG-hypermetabolism. The combined use of Met-PET in addition to FDG-PET can improve the accuracy of differentiation of recurrent brain tumor with 18FDG-hypometabolism from radiation injury.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Deoxyglucose; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Radiation Injuries; Radiography; Radiotherapy; Tomography, Emission-Computed; Vitamin U

Topics: Amino Acids; Methionine; Research; Soil Microbiology; Sulfides; Vitamin U

Topics: Betaine; Biochemical Phenomena; Bromides; Choline; Methionine; Thermodynamics; Transferases; Vitamin U

Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Methionine; Research; Salts; Sulfonic Acids; Vitamin U

Topics: Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Methionine; S-Adenosylmethionine; Seeds; Transferases; Vitamin U

Topics: Animals; Blood Platelets; Methionine; Rats; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamin U; Vitamins

Topics: Canavalia; Methionine; Seeds; Vitamin U

Topics: Animals; Blood Platelets; Methionine; Radiation Protection; Rats; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamin U; Vitamins

Topics: Chlorides; Humans; Methionine; Sulfones; Vitamin U; Wound Healing

Topics: Biological Assay; Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Humans; Methionine; S-Adenosylmethionine; Transferases; Vitamin U

Topics: Bacteria; Cysteine; Homocysteine; Methionine; Vitamin U

Topics: Butyrates; Enterobacter aerogenes; Homocysteine; Lipid Metabolism; Methionine; Sodium Chloride; Vitamin U