urea has been researched along with mannitol in 512 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 398 (77.73) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 59 (11.52) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 37 (7.23) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 17 (3.32) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (0.20) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Levin, VA | 1 |
| Danelian, E; Hämäläinen, MD; Hansson, A; Karlén, A; Karlsson, R; Lennernäs, H; Löfâs, S; Winiwarter, S | 1 |
| Hay, MP; Hicks, KO; Liyanage, HD; Pruijn, FB; Sturman, JR; Wilson, WR | 1 |
| Baert, B; Beetens, J; Bodé, S; De Spiegeleer, B; Deconinck, E; Lambert, J; Slegers, G; Slodicka, M; Stoppie, P; Van Gele, M; Vander Heyden, Y | 1 |
| Du-Cuny, L; Mash, EA; Meuillet, EJ; Moses, S; Powis, G; Song, Z; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Barnes, JC; Bradley, P; Day, NC; Fourches, D; Reed, JZ; Tropsha, A | 1 |
| Imfeld, T; Mühlemann, HR | 1 |
| Dickinson, J; Houston, CS | 1 |
| Lippe, C; Perrini, MC; Svelto, M | 2 |
| Faber, JJ; Thornburg, KL | 1 |
| Boyd, RD; Stacey, TE; Ward, RH; Weedon, AP | 1 |
| Chen, JS; Walser, M | 1 |
| Ahmad, S; Tark, E; Vucicevic, ZM | 1 |
| Cove, DJ; Hankinson, O | 1 |
| Finelli, PF | 1 |
| Kimura, G; Shirai, D; Takamitsu, Y; Urakabe, S; Yuasa, S | 1 |
| Cabbat, FS; Heikkila, RE | 1 |
| Haywood, GP; Isaia, J; Maetz, J | 1 |
| Adler, S; Anderson, B; Zett, B | 1 |
| Brigham, KL; Harris, TR; Owen, PJ; Rowlett, RD | 1 |
| Hamilton, DL; Nielsen, NO; Presnell, KR; Roe, WE | 1 |
| Eichling, JO; Grubb, RL; Raichle, ME | 1 |
| Ioffe, IuS; Lebedev, VV; Simonov, LG | 1 |
| Hartman, BK; Honchar, MP; Sharpe, LG | 1 |
| Hughes, MJ; Roberts, LA | 2 |
| Lee, SC; Tang, CK; Young, TK | 1 |
| Duff, TA; Javid, MJ; Levin, AB | 1 |
| Fowler, N; Giebisch, GH; Gonzalez, E; Rawlins, FA; Whittembury, G | 1 |
| Gardiner, TH | 1 |
| Marcondes, M | 1 |
| Martinez-Maldonado, M; Opava-Stitzer, S | 1 |
| Bell, PD; Navar, LG; Ploth, DW; Thomas, CE | 1 |
| Zderkiewicz, E | 1 |
| Fuchs, EC; Müller-Busch, HC | 1 |
| González, E; Pérez-González, M; Rawlins, FA; Whittembury, G | 1 |
| Casavola, V; Curci, S; Lippe, C | 1 |
| Cook, AR | 1 |
| Hazel, JR; Schuster, VL | 1 |
| Bentley, PJ; Yorio, T | 1 |
| Boyd, RD; Haworth, C; Stacey, TE; Ward, HT | 1 |
| Buja, LM; Dees, JH; Wildenthal, K | 1 |
| Assouline, G; Danon, A; Leibson, V | 1 |
| Goś, R; Stankiewicz, A | 1 |
| Shields, CB | 1 |
| Egan, EA; Nelson, RM; Olver, RE | 1 |
| Probst, C | 1 |
| Firsov, NN; Iaroslavskii, AA; Luzhnikov, EA | 1 |
| Degnan, KJ; Zadunaisky, JA | 1 |
| Anderson, S; Fink, J; Lacy, PE; McDaniel, ML; Roth, C | 1 |
| Fordtran, JS | 1 |
| Saper, JR; Yosselson, S | 1 |
| Fordtran, JS; Lewis, LD | 1 |
| Dorph, S; Oigaard, A | 1 |
| Fujimoto, JM; Peterson, RE | 2 |
| Baublis, J; Kindt, GW; Kohl, S; Tucker, RP; Waldman, J | 1 |
| Arena, JM | 1 |
| Gofferje, H; Landgraf, H; Schultis, K; von Schwerin, W | 1 |
| Abd-Elfattah, S; Daabis, NA; El-Banna, HM; Mortada, LM | 1 |
| Boyd, RD; Haworth, C; Stacey, TE; Ward, RH | 1 |
| Chandler, WF; Kindt, GW | 1 |
| Behar, J; Kerstein, MD | 1 |
| Boven, E; Holwerda, U; Pinedo, HM; Treskes, M; van der Vijgh, WJ | 1 |
| Gao, Y; Vanhoutte, PM | 1 |
| Effros, RM; Feng, NH; Hacker, A | 1 |
| Good, DW | 1 |
| Baldwin, DL; Miller, JM; Nuttall, AL; Ohlsén, KA | 1 |
| Davies, GR; Rampton, DS | 1 |
| Miskowiak, J | 1 |
| Sands, JM; Schrader, DC | 2 |
| Bruton, JD | 2 |
| Boivin, R; Cirio, A | 1 |
| Bonta, IL; De Jongste, JC; Jongejan, RC; Kerrebijn, KF; Raatgeep, RC | 1 |
| Altura, BM; Altura, BT; Zhang, AM | 1 |
| Nadler, SP | 1 |
| de Jong, MD; van Hoek, AN; van Os, CH | 1 |
| Goresky, CA; Rasio, EA | 1 |
| Alpini, G; Garrick, RA; Jones, MJ; Nunes, R; Tavoloni, N | 1 |
| Ardizzone, C; Lippe, C; Margiotta, M | 1 |
| Dugan, SJ; Roberts, SM; Severin, GA | 1 |
| Balaban, RS; James, SL; Stanton, TS; Wolff, SD | 1 |
| Newstead, CG | 1 |
| Negraes, GA; Nogueira da Silva, RI; Oliveira, MA; Rocha e Silva, M; Velasco, IT | 1 |
| Garg, LC; Kapturczak, E; McArdle, S | 1 |
| Degani, G | 1 |
| Ausiello, DA; Conte, JM; Skorecki, KL | 1 |
| Baldwin, BA; Delaney, CE; Forsling, ML; Thornton, SN | 1 |
| Rapoport, SI; Rechthand, E; Smith, QR | 1 |
| Fuller, BJ; Hobbs, KE; Innes, GK | 1 |
| Liu, JJ; Lowry, LD; Takeda, K | 1 |
| Beyer, KH; Gelarden, RT | 1 |
| Hubbard, JI; Sibbald, JR; Sirett, NE | 1 |
| Erwall, C; Friberg, U; Jansson, B; Rask-Andersen, H | 1 |
| Erwall, C | 1 |
| Johanson, CE; Murphy, VA | 1 |
| Case, RM; Cook, DI; Hunter, M; Steward, MC; Young, JA | 1 |
| Mahan, J; Merola, AJ; Zager, RA | 1 |
| Cooper, KE; Malkinson, TJ; Veale, WL | 1 |
| Hatanaka, H; Hayano, M; Okada, K; Tanaka, R; Ueki, K | 1 |
| Eggena, P; Polson, AX | 1 |
| Civan, MM; DiBona, DR | 1 |
| Banwell, JG; Harper, DT; Hendrix, TR; Scherer, RW | 1 |
| Pérez-Gonzalez, M; Whittembury, G | 1 |
| Campinchi, R | 1 |
| Guidoux, R; Peters, G | 1 |
| Klose, R; Neundörfer, B; Peter, K; Tornow, K | 1 |
| Hutschenreuter, K; Racenberg, E | 1 |
| Pietras, RJ; Wright, EM | 1 |
| Amiel, JJ; Cattan, A; Gluckman, E; Mathé, G; Schlumberger, JR; Schneider, M; Schwarzenberg, L | 1 |
| Guyot, JF; Philippon, J | 1 |
| Riemens, V | 1 |
| Cooperstein, SJ; Lazarow, A; Watkins, D | 2 |
| Chebotareva, NM; Kandel', EI | 1 |
| Fenstermacher, J; Ratner, J; Roomet, A; Sheldon, F | 1 |
| Beteta, E | 1 |
| Campan, L; Lazorthes, G; Lazorthes, Y | 1 |
| McIntosh, GH | 1 |
| Curran, PF; Mandel, LJ | 1 |
| Bircks, W; Krian, A; Wetzels, E | 1 |
| Benmaiz, H; Bernard, J; Fournier, A; Girard, J; Laval-Jeantet, M; Milliez, P; Plainfosse, MC; Safar, M | 1 |
| Wright, EM | 1 |
| Eggena, P | 1 |
| Alexander, E | 1 |
| Eberle, H | 1 |
| Nair, KG | 1 |
| Dieterich, WR; Günther, H; Knipp, I; Lindemann, I; Schmidt, J; Schmidt, PK; Zimmermann, HB | 1 |
| Kahn, T; Mohammad, G; Stein, RM | 1 |
| Regal, EM; Schrier, RW | 1 |
| Hayashi, T; Nagai, Y | 1 |
| Sadowski, J | 2 |
| Leonard, JL; Redding, RW | 1 |
| Funkhouser, D; Goldstein, L | 1 |
| Gunther, RA; Rabinowitz, L | 5 |
| King, SM; Patterson, JH; Van Eys, J; Wang, YM | 1 |
| Avery, EH; Freedland, RA; Gunther, RA; Rabinowitz, L; Shoji, ES | 1 |
| Bouska, I; Nádvornik, F; Sikola, M | 1 |
| Diezi, J | 1 |
| Wyman, M | 1 |
| Elsborg, L | 1 |
| Brunner, L; Hoffmeister, HE; Scheler, F; Stunkat, R | 1 |
| Blair-West, JR; McKenzie, JS; McKinley, MJ | 1 |
| Powell, WJ; Sanders, CA; Weisfeldt, ML; Willerson, JT | 1 |
| Beck, IT; Dinda, PK | 1 |
| Rosman, NP | 1 |
| Behar, J | 1 |
| Berndt, WO; Cooke, WJ; Mudge, GH | 1 |
| Basso, A; D'Amore, A; Laurenti, C; Lotti, T | 1 |
| Wakim, KG | 1 |
| Cooperstein, SJ; Lazarow, A | 1 |
| Ershkovich, IG | 1 |
| Selchau, M | 1 |
| De Rose, N; Yudilevich, DL | 1 |
| Kulatilake, AE; Shackman, R | 1 |
| Lajtha, A; Piccoli, F | 2 |
| Hamby, WB | 1 |
| Ueyama, H | 1 |
| Lipson, ML | 1 |
| Becker, B; Krupin, T; Podos, SM | 1 |
| Bartow, SA; Eknoyan, G; Martinez-Maldonado, M; Stinebaugh, BJ; Suki, EN | 1 |
| de Rouffigna, C; Morel, F; Murayama, Y | 1 |
| Colley, L; Dicker, SE; Elliott, AB; Huggins, AK; Rowe, WC | 1 |
| DiScala, VA; Kinney, MJ; Rosenbaum, B; Scudder, FC; Stein, RM | 1 |
| DeFeudis, FV | 1 |
| Glaser, GH; Zuckermann, EG | 1 |
| Pead, JL; Petrie, A; Yeboah, ED | 1 |
| Enna, SJ; Schanker, LS | 1 |
| Silber, SJ; Thompson, N | 1 |
| Hooshmand, H; Houff, SA; Quinn, JC | 1 |
| Sato, O | 1 |
| Troupp, H; Valtonen, S; Vapalahti, M | 1 |
| Buder, HW; Precht, K | 1 |
| Riley, MV | 1 |
| Chojnacka, B | 1 |
| Baastrup, PC; Haghfelt, T; Jorgensen, HE; Lund, JO | 1 |
| Gärtner, F | 1 |
| Shchedrenok, VV; Zotov, IuV | 1 |
| Egorov, NS; Nugumanov, BS; Toropova, EG | 1 |
| Normand, IC; Olver, RE; Reynolds, EO; Strang, LB | 1 |
| Ichiki, H; Okuma, Y; Oyama, M; Shirao, T | 1 |
| Stacy, BD; Warner, AC | 1 |
| Ash, RW | 1 |
| Bietti, GB | 2 |
| Goldstein, MH; Lenz, PR; Levitt, MF; Wedeen, R | 1 |
| Jörgensen, B | 1 |
| Goluboff, B; Haft, H; Shenkin, HA | 2 |
| Hoffmeister, FS; Regelson, W; Wilkens, H | 1 |
| Cerilli, J; Husfeldt, E; Lauridsen, P; Saurbrey, J; Wandall, HH | 1 |
| Dove, J; Hooshmand, H; Houff, S; Suter, C | 1 |
| Park, R; Rabinowitz, L | 1 |
| Galin, MA; Robbins, R | 1 |
| De Rouffignac, C; Guinnebault, M; Lechène, C; Morel, F | 2 |
| Bietti, GB; Pecori-Giraldi, J | 1 |
| Haefeli, L; Peters, G | 1 |
| Pesce, EC | 1 |
| Chométy, F; Diézi, J; Michoud, P; Peters, G; Roch-Ramel, F | 1 |
| Matsuoka, T | 1 |
| Handler, JS; Orloff, J; Urakabe, S | 1 |
| Caplan, SR; Weinstein, JN | 1 |
| Duncan, LS; Ellis, PP; Paterson, CA | 1 |
| Metaxas, P; Papadimitriou, M; Papapostolou, C; Valtis, DJ | 1 |
| Allison, ME; Briggs, JD; Kennedy, AC; Luke, RG | 1 |
| Takahara, Y; Ueki, K | 1 |
| Streicher, E | 1 |
| Truniger, B; Zürcher, C | 1 |
| Croft, DN; Levitan, R | 1 |
| Burberi, P; Piccinelli, D; Silvestrini, B | 1 |
| Bo, G; Hauge, A | 1 |
| Best, M; Fisher, LV; Galin, MA; Kronenberg, SM; Masket, S | 1 |
| Beks, JW; Kerckhoffs, HP | 1 |
| Rabinowitz, L; Thompson, AB; Wagman, RB | 1 |
| Iannetti, G | 1 |
| Bourke, E; Gatenby, PB | 1 |
| Chizhik, OP; Pekarskiĭ, DE; Pestova, VG; Smirnova, LE | 1 |
| Atherton, JC; Evans, JA; Green, R; Thomas, S | 1 |
| Currie, JC | 1 |
| Bagchi, AK; Sadhu, BN | 1 |
| Lucarain, C; Morel, F | 1 |
| Didierlaurent, A; Malterre, M | 1 |
| Gyotoku, K | 1 |
| Harris, JA; Soergel, KH; Whalen, GE | 1 |
| Atherton, JC; Hai, MA; Thomas, S | 3 |
| Carter, NW; Fordtran, JS; Rector, FC | 1 |
| Franz, TJ; Galey, WR; Van Bruggen, JT | 1 |
| Rabinowitz, L | 2 |
| Bradley, SE; Ross, ED; Wheeler, HO | 1 |
| Abei, T; Iber, FL; Kameda, H; Nasrallah, S | 1 |
| Lee, JS | 1 |
| Biber, TU; Curran, PF | 1 |
| Fregly, MJ; Stainsby, WN | 1 |
| Berliner, RW; Morgan, T | 1 |
| LeBrie, SJ | 1 |
| Forker, EL | 1 |
| Bismuth, C; Fournier, E; Fréjaville, JP; Gaultier, M; Nicaise, AM | 1 |
| Berger, B; Evers, W; Mueller, CB | 1 |
| Rosomoff, HL | 1 |
| Berliner, RW; Morgan, T; Sakai, F | 1 |
| Ueno, A | 1 |
| Stoeckert, I; Vogel, G | 1 |
| Guidoux, R | 1 |
| David, M; Guyot, JF; Pertuiset, B | 1 |
| Scheler, F | 1 |
| Kennedy, AC | 1 |
| Dansker, VL; Moskalenko, IuE; Sorokoumov, VA; Vaĭnshteĭn, GB | 1 |
| Aikawa, K | 1 |
| Ciccu, M; Sforza, F | 1 |
| Love, AH | 1 |
| Kaplan, R; Pollay, M; Stevens, A | 1 |
| Friedrich, R; Jiricka, Z; Stulc, J | 1 |
| Anupöld, V | 1 |
| Billich, CO; Levitan, R | 1 |
| Baars, JD; Koevoet, AL | 1 |
| Clark, K; Einspruch, BC | 2 |
| Mertz, DP | 1 |
| Gottschalk, CW; Jones, NF; Mylle, M | 1 |
| Höffler, D; Quellhorst, E; Scheler, F; Wigger, W | 1 |
| Dell, RB; Scaglione, PR; Winters, RW | 1 |
| Baldwin, AL; Carrasquer, G | 1 |
| Ewton, MF; Fordtran, JS; Kinney, J; Rector, FC; Soter, N | 1 |
| Arrizurieta, EE; Ruiz-Guiñazú, A; Yelinek, L | 1 |
| Abe, H; Furukawa, T; Orita, Y; Urakabe, S | 1 |
| Fukai, H | 1 |
| Gonzalez, EB | 1 |
| Jaffe, NS; Light, DS | 1 |
| Hemmer, R | 1 |
| Van Riper, DC | 1 |
| Murray, RG; Tipler, HA | 1 |
| Lawson, NL; Teschan, PE | 1 |
| Curran, PF; Morain, WD; Replogle, CA | 1 |
| Allison, F; Lancaster, MG | 1 |
| Davidson, R; Galin, MA; Shachter, N | 1 |
| Sadler, K; Welch, K | 1 |
| Ardouin, M; Garnier, JP; Lefranc, J; Urvoy, M | 1 |
| Gombos, G; Kornblueth, W; Traub, B | 1 |
| Guyton, AC; Langston, JB; Navar, LG | 1 |
| Tubaro, E | 1 |
| Brindle, GF; Gilbert, RG | 1 |
| Honegger, H | 1 |
| Bietti, GB; Bucci, MG | 1 |
| Carbone, M; Mazzarella, B; Starita, D | 1 |
| McCleery, WN | 1 |
| Ueki, K | 1 |
| Yamagata, A | 1 |
| Iizuka, R; Komai, S; Moroji, T | 1 |
| Cutler, RE; Dowling, JT; Glatte, H | 1 |
| Cutler, RE; De Palma, JR | 1 |
| Aviram, A; Czaczkes, JW; Pfau, A; Ullmann, TD | 1 |
| Goldberg, M; Ramirez, MA; Wojtczak, AM | 1 |
| Ferguson, EW; Lewis, SR; Lynch, JB; Sloane, JA | 1 |
| Beks, JW; ter Weeme, CA | 2 |
| Franz, TJ; Van Bruggen, JT | 1 |
| Baker, RD | 1 |
| Kapetansky, F | 1 |
| Solomon, HM; Zieve, PD | 1 |
| Lanthier, A; Sandor, T | 1 |
| Furuse, M; Ikeyama, A; Maeda, S; Nagai, H; Oka, Y | 1 |
| Barry, KG; Clayton, LE; Coburn, JW; Reba, RC; Shinaberger, JH | 1 |
| Cowie, JF; Fraser, AG; Lambie, AT; Robson, JS | 1 |
| Clifford, P; Klein, G; Singh, S; Stjernswärd, J | 1 |
| González, E; Leal-Pinto, E; Pérez-González, M; Whittembury, G | 1 |
| Reed, RK; Wiig, H | 1 |
| Robertson, GL; Zerbe, RL | 1 |
| Degani, G; Gabbay, S; Katz, U | 1 |
| Thornton, SN | 2 |
| Tavoloni, N | 1 |
| Bland, H; Groshong, T; James, E; Jones, AS; Mathew, OP | 1 |
| Genovesi, S; Moss, NG; Recordati, GM; Rogenes, PR | 1 |
| Ruedas, G | 1 |
| Iripkhanov, BB; Vaĭnshteĭn, GB | 2 |
| Allen, SC; Balfour, IC; Wise, CC | 1 |
| Tsygankov, BD | 1 |
| Briggs, JP; Schnermann, J; Wright, FS | 1 |
| De Miranda, CM | 1 |
| Kjellstrand, CM | 1 |
| Sonnenberg, H; Wilson, DR | 1 |
| Bell, PD; McLean, CB; Navar, LG; Ploth, DW | 1 |
| Bonting, SL; De Pont, JJ; Fleuren-Jakobs, AM; Jansen, JW | 1 |
| Craven, PA; Derubertis, FR; Studer, RK | 2 |
| Andreoli, TE; Culpepper, RM; Hebert, SC | 1 |
| Ausman, JI; de los Reyes, RA; Diaz, FG | 1 |
| Goodman, BE; Wangensteen, D | 1 |
| Chalmers, B; Muller, M; Van Bruggen, JT | 1 |
| Angelborg, C; Hultcrantz, E; Larsen, HC | 1 |
| Boggiano, G; Chacón, C; Munzenmayer, J; Parada, I; Pineda, L; Tobar, MC; Vaccareza, A; Vial, S | 1 |
| Cardinal, J; Carrière, S; Gagnon, J; Laprade, R; Le Grimellec, C; Nguyen, H; Ouimet, D | 1 |
| Hardebo, JE; Nilsson, B | 1 |
| Ando, Y; Asano, Y; Iimura, O; Ishida, F; Kusano, E; Oono, S | 1 |
| Fine, KD; Fordtran, JS; Porter, JL; Santa Ana, CA | 2 |
| Watson, PD | 1 |
| Hayama, N; Schneider, EG; Wang, W | 1 |
| Kashiwagi, F; Katayama, Y; Muramatsu, H; Otsubo, K; Terashi, A | 1 |
| Kirschbaum, B | 1 |
| Callahan, MF; Grosche, A; Horn, T; Landgraf, R; Ludwig, M; Morris, M | 1 |
| Hanke, W; Katz, U | 1 |
| Kofke, WA | 1 |
| Marin, MG; McBride, RK; Stone, KK | 1 |
| Kohan, DE; Padilla, E | 1 |
| Marumo, F; Nonoguchi, H; Terada, Y; Tomita, K; Ujiie, K; Yang, T | 1 |
| Effros, RM; Hacker, A; Jacobs, E; Murphy, C; Ozker, K | 1 |
| Tyryshkina, EM | 1 |
| Hahn, RG; Zhang, W | 1 |
| Arapova, GS; Metelitsa, DI | 1 |
| Maddock, AL; Westenfelder, C | 1 |
| Kassell, NF; Lehmann, GA; Machi, T; Scheld, MW | 1 |
| Hahn, RG; Hjelmqvist, H; Nilsson, A; Rundgren, M; Zhang, W | 1 |
| Kamardin, NN | 1 |
| Das, A; Lien, EJ; Ren, S | 1 |
| Aqvist, J; Bonham, NM; Bouzide, A; Classon, B; Danielson, UH; Hallberg, A; Hansson, T; Hultén, J; Karlén, A; Kvarnström, I; Nillroth, U; Samuelsson, B; Zuccarello, G | 1 |
| Anwar, M; Weiss, HR; Williams, JA | 1 |
| Czyzewska, K; Szary, B | 1 |
| Audus, KL; Avery, M; Liu, F; Shi, F; Soares, MJ; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Long, JD; Marten, E; Orlando, RC; Tobey, NA | 2 |
| Barsuhn, CL; Borchardt, RT; Ho, NF; Knipp, GT | 1 |
| Peters, MI; Riley, MV; Starnes, CA; Winkler, BS | 1 |
| Alpern, RJ; Ambühl, P; Amemiya, M; Moe, OW; Preisig, PA | 1 |
| Ghanem, AH; Higuchi, WI; Li, SK; Peck, KD | 1 |
| Abraham, MH; Bradbury, MW; Chadha, HS; Gratton, JA | 1 |
| Ghanem, AH; Higuchi, WI; Hsu, J; Li, SK; Peck, KD | 1 |
| Effros, RM; Jacobs, ER; Ozker, K; Presberg, K; Schapira, R | 1 |
| Uhing, MR | 1 |
| Angelini, E; Aran, JM; Ferrary, E; Teixeira, M | 1 |
| Hara, A; Hibino, Y; Higo, A; Katsura, M; Ohkuma, S; Tarumi, C | 1 |
| Alper, SL; Goss, GG; Izumo, S; Jiang, L; Malek, AM | 1 |
| Anderson, BD; Johnson, MD | 1 |
| Miyamoto, Y; Satsu, H; Shimizu, M | 1 |
| Illsley, NP; Jansson, T; Korotkova, M; Powell, TL; Strandvik, B; Wennergren, M | 1 |
| Ghanem, AH; Higuchi, WI; Li, SK | 1 |
| Azuma, N; Basson, MD; Dudrick, SJ; Duzgun, SA; Gahtan, V; Kito, H; Li, W; Rasque, H; Sumpio, BE | 1 |
| Johnson, AK; Schoorlemmer, GH; Thunhorst, RL | 1 |
| Amiel, C; Fernandes, I; Ferrary, E; Loiseau, A; Mosnier, I; Sterkers, O; Teixeira, M | 1 |
| Fihn, BM; Jodal, M | 1 |
| Panayotova-Heiermann, M; Wright, EM | 1 |
| Cuschieri, J; Garcia, I; Gourlay, D; Jelacic, S; Maier, RV | 1 |
| Bentzer, P; Grände, PO; Holbeck, S | 1 |
| Huang, Z; Jiang, Y; Luo, J | 1 |
| Amodeo, G; Dorr, R; Parisi, M; Sutka, M | 1 |
| Cohen, DM; Tian, W | 1 |
| Asano, Y; Miyata, Y; Muto, S | 1 |
| Ghanem, AH; Higuchi, WI; Ho, NF; Li, SK; Tsutsumi, K | 1 |
| Dziedzic, T; Klimkowicz, A; Rog, TM; Slowik, A; Szczudlik, A | 1 |
| Higuchi, WI; Li, SK; Liddell, MR; Miller, DJ; Peck, KD; Yan, G; Zhu, H | 1 |
| Kalita, J; Misra, UK; Ranjan, P | 1 |
| BAYLESS, RK; WEST, CD | 1 |
| CHATER, N; WISE, BL | 1 |
| SCHLOERB, PR; SHAW, RC; ZIMMERMAN, JM | 1 |
| DAVIDSON, R; GALIN, MA; PASMANIK, S | 1 |
| BRADY, MP; LITWIN, MS; MOORE, FD; RABELO, A | 2 |
| KELLOGG, RH; RABINOWITZ, L | 1 |
| BANK, N; STEINMETZ, PR | 1 |
| BARRY, KG; DOBERNECK, RC; SCHWARTZ, FD | 1 |
| CREECH, O; PEARCE, CW | 1 |
| BLAND, JE; CLARK, WK; EINSPRUCH, BC; PORTO, C | 1 |
| URCIUOLI, R | 1 |
| MONTOREANO, R; PARISI, MN; ZADUNAISKY, JA | 1 |
| SMITH, HW; STEINMETZ, PR | 1 |
| DAVID, M; DELIGNE, P | 1 |
| ELIAHOU, HE | 1 |
| BIKERMAN, V; BURROWS, BA; FARMELANT, MH; LIPETZ, CA | 1 |
| JAENIKE, JR | 1 |
| FLINNER, R; O'DELL, R; RAFFII, P; SCHLEGAL, JU | 1 |
| JEANES, LD; MCQUEEN, JD | 1 |
| ARTZ, CP; GROEZINGER, KH | 1 |
| BYRON, HM | 1 |
| BALDUS, WP; FEICHTER, RN; HUNT, JC; SUMMERSKILL, WH; WAKIM, KG | 1 |
| BYLES, PH; DOBKIN, AB; ISRAEL, JS | 1 |
| PAUFIQUE, L; RAVAULT, MP; VOINOT, J | 1 |
| DAYTON, GO | 1 |
| GHOSE, RR; JOEKES, AM | 1 |
| CHALMERS, TC; JICK, H; KAMM, DE; MORRISON, RS; SNYDER, JG | 1 |
| DEGRAFF, AC; LYON, AF | 1 |
| KOBINGER, W | 1 |
| NORSKOV, K | 1 |
| AMES, A; WRIGHT, RL | 1 |
| ATIK, M; ISLA, F; MANALE, B; MARDIS, H; MARRERO, R | 1 |
| GOLDSTEIN, SL; HIMWICH, WA; KNAPP, FM; ROVINE, BW | 1 |
| HILL, K | 1 |
| NASH, FD; SELKURT, EE | 1 |
| GUYTON, AC; LANGSTON, JB; NAVAR, G | 1 |
| HARLEY, HR | 1 |
| BUCCI, MG | 1 |
| BUCKELL, M; COLEMAN, DJ | 1 |
| DAWSON, JL | 1 |
| MILLER, R; VANDER, AJ | 1 |
| BUCKELL, M | 1 |
| LACOMBE, E; RAND, PW | 1 |
| ARTZ, CP | 1 |
| HARRIS, JE | 1 |
| EVREUX, JC; MOTIN, J; ROCHE, L | 1 |
| APPELBOOM, JW; BRODSKY, WA; SCOTT, WN | 1 |
| MATSON, DD | 1 |
| BERNANKE, D; EPSTEIN, FH | 1 |
| SATO, R | 1 |
| CHANDLER, PA | 1 |
| HART, SM | 1 |
| CESARIO, T; GILBOE, D; JAVID, M | 1 |
| BARR, L; MALVIN, RL | 1 |
| BRIGGS, JD; KENNEDY, AC; LINTON, AL; LUKE, RG | 1 |
| GAGNON, JA; JOHNSTON, GS; MURPHY, GP; TESCHAN, PE | 1 |
| DAVIDSON, R; GALIN, MA | 1 |
| MARRUBINI, MB | 1 |
| KUZUYA, T; SAMOLS, E; WILLIAMS, RH | 1 |
| SAITO, A; TAKETOMO, T | 1 |
| SCHULTE-STEINBERG, O | 1 |
| SCHURR, PH | 1 |
| DURBIN, RP; MOODY, FG | 1 |
| NEUHAUS, G | 1 |
| IRVINE, WT; LUCK, RJ | 1 |
| GOTTSCHALK, CW; MOREL, F; MYLLE, M | 1 |
| Fihn, BM; Jodal, M; Sjövall, H; Sun, Y | 2 |
| Holm, LM; Klaerke, DA; Zeuthen, T | 1 |
| Higuchi, WI; Kochambilli, RP; Li, SK; Zhu, H | 1 |
| Baba, T; Inoue, T; Itoh, K; Kohda, Y; Nakayama, Y; Nonoguchi, H; Tomita, K | 1 |
| Meyer, H; Wieczorek, H; Zeiske, W | 1 |
| Afolabi, BB; Okoromah, CA | 1 |
| Desai, KG; Liu, C | 1 |
| Blot-Chabaud, M; Capurro, C; Chara, O; Cluzeaud, F; Farman, N; Ford, P; Parisi, M; Rivarola, V | 1 |
| Carrasquer, G; Diana, AL | 1 |
| Rojiani, AM; Schroeder, BM; Silver, SM; Sterns, RH | 1 |
| Higuchi, WI; Li, SK; Zhu, H | 1 |
| Aebersold, R; Brunner, E; Eckerskorn, C; Lee, H; Malmström, J; Mohanty, S; Nesvizhskii, AI; Shteynberg, D; Weber, G; Ye, M | 1 |
| Bichara, M; Gallazzini, M; Karim, Z | 1 |
| Blikslager, AT; Engelke, KJ; Moeser, AJ; Nighot, PK; Ueno, R | 1 |
| Brown, MB; Forbes, B; Jones, SA; Khengar, RH; Turner, RB | 1 |
| Hardee, GE; Higuchi, WI; Ho, NF; Hymas, RV; Li, SK; Teng, CL; Tillman, LG; Tsutsumi, K | 1 |
| Blankschtein, D; Kushner, J; Langer, R | 1 |
| Higuchi, WI; Li, SK; Molokhia, SA; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Bhardwaj, A | 1 |
| BARNETT, HL; McNAMARA, H | 1 |
| Higuchi, WI; Li, SK; Liddell, MR | 2 |
| Bouchereau, A; Boyen, C; Dittami, SM; Eggert, A; Goulitquer, S; Gravot, A; Renault, D; Tonon, T | 1 |
| Afolabi, BB; Okoromah, CA; Wall, EC | 1 |
| Iwai, K; Kataoka, M; Masaoka, Y; Sakane, T; Sakuma, S; Yamashita, S | 1 |
| Cho, MG; General, T; Lee, JH; Lee, SK; Park, HJ; Park, JH | 1 |
| Kawasaki, K; Li, X; Min, X; Ohta, N; Sakaguchi, E; Xiao, J | 1 |
| Benzel, EC; Kshettry, VR; Otvos, B | 1 |
| Banerjee, B; Bhuyan, G; Saha, N | 1 |
| Hicks, KO; Kuiper, C; Vissers, MC | 1 |
| Chen, B; Guo, XH; Liu, JX; Liu, ZF; Su, L; Xu, QL | 1 |
| Biggart, GD; Clarke, GS; Ewing, AV; Hale, CR; Kazarian, SG | 1 |
| Irani, S; Todd, CD | 1 |
| Awasthi, R; Dua, K; Malipeddi, VR | 1 |
| Holm, R; Lagunas, C; Mo, J; Nielsen, CU; Noori, B; Nøhr, MK; Rasmussen, RN | 1 |
| Cowgill, LD; Kirby, J; Segev, G; Stafford, C | 1 |
| Bakkaloğlu, SA; Büyükkaragöz, B | 1 |
19 review(s) available for urea and mannitol
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Herpes simplex virus and the human nervous system: current concepts and review.
Topics: Cataract; Chorioretinitis; Dexamethasone; Encephalitis; Encephalitis Viruses; Facial Paralysis; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Mannitol; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meningitis; Myelitis; Pregnancy; Simplexvirus; Trigeminal Neuralgia; Urea | 1975 |
Systemic osmotherapy for ophthalmic disease in dogs and cats.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Diuretics, Osmotic; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Eye Diseases; Glaucoma; Glycerol; Isosorbide; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Premedication; Urea | 1989 |
[Prevention and treatment of cerebral edema using current drugs].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Brain Edema; Diuretics; Ethacrynic Acid; Ganglionic Blockers; Glucose; Glycerol; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Magnesium Sulfate; Mannitol; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1972 |
The passive permeability of the small intestine.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cesium; Diffusion; Erythritol; Ethylene Glycols; Formamides; Gallbladder; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Mannitol; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Membranes, Artificial; Models, Biological; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Rabbits; Rubidium; Sucrose; Urea; Water | 1974 |
The pathophysiology of the dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Brain Edema; Calcium; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Electroencephalography; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyponatremia; Intracranial Pressure; Intraocular Pressure; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Rabbits; Renal Dialysis; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1969 |
[Drug therapy of glaucoma].
Topics: Acetazolamide; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Glaucoma; Glycerol; Health Resorts; Humans; Mannitol; Miotics; Oxygen; Parasympatholytics; Sympatholytics; Sympathomimetics; Tissue Extracts; Tranquilizing Agents; Urea; Vasodilator Agents; Vitamins | 1967 |
[Diuretics. 47].
Topics: Acetazolamide; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Chlormerodrin; Diuretics; Humans; Mannitol; Methazolamide; Organomercury Compounds; Pyrimidines; Sorbitol; Sulfonamides; Theobromine; Theophylline; Triazines; Urea; Xanthines | 1970 |
Surgical aspects of acute renal failure.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Diagnosis, Differential; Furosemide; Humans; Jaundice; Kidney Transplantation; Mannitol; Nephrectomy; Peritoneal Dialysis; Postoperative Complications; Renal Dialysis; Sodium; Transplantation, Homologous; Urea; Uremia | 1971 |
Remarks concerning intracranial aneurysmal surgery.
Topics: Anesthesia; Brain Edema; Carotid Arteries; Cerebral Angiography; Humans; Hypotension, Controlled; Intracranial Aneurysm; Ligation; Mannitol; Methods; Postoperative Care; Preoperative Care; Spinal Puncture; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Time Factors; Urea | 1970 |
The management of intracranial hypertension and brain edema during and after general anesthesia.
Topics: Abdomen; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anesthesia, General; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Brain Edema; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Hyperventilation; Hypothermia, Induced; Infusions, Parenteral; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Preanesthetic Medication; Pressure; Respiration; Thorax; Urea; Venous Pressure | 1971 |
Toxicity of systemic agents.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Child; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Eye Diseases; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Fluoresceins; Glycerol; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Isosorbide Dinitrate; Mannitol; Morphinans; Pregnancy; Tranquilizing Agents; Urea | 1971 |
Agents for cerebral edema.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Adult; Animals; Barbiturates; Brain Edema; Child; Dexamethasone; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic; Glycerol; Humans; Mannitol; Postoperative Complications; Urea | 1981 |
Current status of osmotherapy in intracerebral hemorrhage.
Topics: Cerebral Hemorrhage; Diuretics, Osmotic; Glycerol; Humans; Intracranial Hypertension; Mannitol; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Urea | 2003 |
RADIOISOTOPIC RENAL FUNCTION STUDIES AND SURGICAL FINDINGS IN 102 HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS.
Topics: Contrast Media; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Iodine Isotopes; Iodohippuric Acid; Iodopyracet; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Mannitol; Pyelonephritis; Radiometry; Renal Artery Obstruction; Urea; Vascular Surgical Procedures | 1964 |
THE USE OF HYPOTHERMIA AND DEHYDRATION IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE CEREBRAL HYPOXIA.
Topics: Brain Edema; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dehydration; Drug Therapy; Glucose; Humans; Hypothermia; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypoxia, Brain; Mannitol; Neuroglia; Physiology; Toxicology; Urea | 1964 |
Mannitol and other osmotic diuretics as adjuncts for treating cerebral malaria.
Topics: Adult; Child; Diuretics, Osmotic; Humans; Malaria, Cerebral; Mannitol; Urea | 2004 |
Osmotherapy in neurocritical care.
Topics: Body Water; Brain; Brain Edema; Critical Care; Diuretics, Osmotic; Humans; Intracranial Hypertension; Mannitol; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2007 |
Mannitol and other osmotic diuretics as adjuncts for treating cerebral malaria.
Topics: Adult; Antimalarials; Child; Diuretics, Osmotic; Humans; Malaria, Cerebral; Mannitol; Quinine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Uganda; Urea | 2011 |
Serum osmolality and hyperosmolar states.
Topics: Glucose; Humans; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium; Urea | 2023 |
5 trial(s) available for urea and mannitol
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Treatment of increased intracranial pressure: a comparison of different hyperosmotic agents and the use of thiopental.
Topics: Brain Diseases; Diuretics, Osmotic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Furosemide; Glycerol; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Thiopental; Urea | 1979 |
Urography with urea wash-out in renovascular hypertension. A comparison with split renal function tests and predictive value.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contrast Media; Creatinine; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Inulin; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Renal Artery Obstruction; Urea; Urography | 1973 |
Further observations on the effects of abruptly increased osmotic pressure of plasma on cerebrosinal-fluid pressure in man.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Infusions, Parenteral; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Osmosis; Urea | 1965 |
Recirculation measures with urea and mannitol during hemodialysis.
Topics: Blood Circulation; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Female; Humans; Male; Mannitol; Renal Dialysis; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; Urea | 1994 |
Is mannitol safe for patients with intracerebral hemorrhages? Renal considerations.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Creatinine; Diuretics, Osmotic; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hypertension; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Renal Insufficiency; Risk Factors; Urea | 2003 |
488 other study(ies) available for urea and mannitol
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Relationship of octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight to rat brain capillary permeability.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Capillary Permeability; Male; Models, Biological; Molecular Weight; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1980 |
SPR biosensor studies of the direct interaction between 27 drugs and a liposome surface: correlation with fraction absorbed in humans.
Topics: Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Liposomes; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Predictive Value of Tests; Surface Plasmon Resonance | 2000 |
Extravascular transport of drugs in tumor tissue: effect of lipophilicity on diffusion of tirapazamine analogues in multicellular layer cultures.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biological Transport; Diffusion; HT29 Cells; Humans; Models, Biological; Solubility; Tirapazamine; Triazines | 2005 |
Transdermal penetration behaviour of drugs: CART-clustering, QSPR and selection of model compounds.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cluster Analysis; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Models, Biological; Predictive Value of Tests; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Regression Analysis; Skin; Skin Absorption | 2007 |
Computational modeling of novel inhibitors targeting the Akt pleckstrin homology domain.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Proteins; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Membrane Permeability; Computer Simulation; Drug Discovery; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Models, Molecular; Phosphoproteins; Protein Binding; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2009 |
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Factual; Humans; MEDLINE; Mice; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
Cariogenicity and acidogenicity of food, confectionery and beverages.
Topics: Acids; Beverages; Carbonated Beverages; Cariogenic Agents; Chewing Gum; Citrus; Dairy Products; Dental Plaque; Dietary Carbohydrates; Food; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mannitol; Saliva; Sorbitol; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Urea; Xylitol | 1978 |
Cerebral form of high-altitude illness.
Topics: Adult; Altitude Sickness; Betamethasone; Brain Edema; Bronchopneumonia; Coronary Disease; Dexamethasone; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypoxia; Male; Mannitol; Pulmonary Embolism; Retinal Hemorrhage; Thrombophlebitis; Urea | 1975 |
Permeability properties of the frog skin at various degrees of edge damage.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Mannitol; Membrane Potentials; Norepinephrine; Oxygen Consumption; Permeability; Rana esculenta; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Urea | 1975 |
Transfer of hydrophilic molecules by placenta and yolk sac of the guinea pig.
Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Cell Membrane Permeability; Ethylene Glycols; Female; gamma-Globulins; Guinea Pigs; Immunoelectrophoresis; Ligation; Mannitol; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mathematics; Molecular Weight; Placenta; Polyethylene Glycols; Pregnancy; Urea; Yolk Sac | 1977 |
Placental permeability in the sheep.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Deoxyglucose; Edetic Acid; Erythritol; Female; Fetus; Mannitol; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Membrane Potentials; Methylglucosides; Molecular Weight; Placenta; Pregnancy; Sheep; Sodium; Urea | 1977 |
Concentration-dependence of nonelectrolyte permeability of toad bladder.
Topics: Animals; Bufo marinus; Cell Membrane Permeability; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Thiourea; Urea; Urinary Bladder | 1979 |
Echographic studies of osmotic agents.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Animals; Glycerol; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Massage; Osmolar Concentration; Rabbits; Ultrasonics; Urea | 1979 |
Regulation of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase in Aspergillus nidulans.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aspergillus nidulans; Cell-Free System; Fructosephosphates; Genes, Regulator; Mannitol; Mutation; NAD; Nitrates; Sugar Phosphates; Urea | 1975 |
Effect of colchicine on the osmotic water flow across the toad urinary bladder.
Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Body Water; Bufo bufo; Colchicine; Cyclic AMP; Humans; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Urea; Urinary Bladder; Vasopressins | 1975 |
Chemiluminescence from 6-hydroxydopamine: involvement of hydrogen peroxide, the superoxide radical and the hydroxyl radical, a potential role for singlet oxygen.
Topics: Benzoates; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Catalase; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Deuterium; Ethanol; Free Radicals; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydroxydopamines; Luminescent Measurements; Mannitol; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Quinones; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxides; Thiourea; Time Factors; Urea | 1977 |
Effects of epinephrine on branchial non-electrolyte permeability in rainbow trout.
Topics: Animals; Butanols; Dextrans; Epinephrine; Epithelium; Gills; Inulin; Mannitol; Permeability; Propranolol; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Trout; Urea; Water | 1978 |
Effect of osmolarity on intracellular pH of rat diaphragm muscle.?22.
Topics: Animals; Bicarbonates; Biological Transport, Active; Diaphragm; Extracellular Space; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Muscles; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Water | 1975 |
Comparisons of [14C]urea and [3H]mannitol as lung vascular permeability indicators in awake sheep: evidence against red cell urea trapping.
Topics: Animals; Capillaries; Capillary Permeability; Erythrocytes; Female; Lung; Mannitol; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Sheep; Sleep; Urea | 1977 |
Permeability properties of swine small intestine: effect of a heat stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin.
Topics: Animals; Duodenum; Enterotoxins; Erythritol; Escherichia coli; Hot Temperature; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Mannitol; Permeability; Swine; Urea | 1979 |
Osmotically induced changes in brain water permeability.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Body Water; Cell Membrane Permeability; Haplorhini; Mannitol; Osmosis; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1977 |
[Effect of dehydration therapy on intracranial pressure and local cerebral blood flow in hemorrhagic stroke and cranio-cerebral injuries].
Topics: Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Diuretics, Osmotic; Glucose; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Skull; Urea | 1979 |
Evaluation of in vivo brain site perfusion with the push-pull cannula.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Extracellular Space; Inulin; Male; Mannitol; Norepinephrine; Perfusion; Rabbits; Statistics as Topic; Urea | 1979 |
Increase in passive tension of spontaneously beating atria in hyperosmolar media.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Female; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mannitol; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Rabbits; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1979 |
Diarrhea therapy of uremia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Creatinine; Cyclamates; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Perfusion; Renal Dialysis; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sulfates; Urea; Uremia | 1979 |
Effect of hypertonic urea and mannitol on distal nephron permeability.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Hypertonic Solutions; Intercellular Junctions; Isotonic Solutions; Kidney Tubules; Kidney Tubules, Distal; Mannitol; Microscopy, Electron; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1977 |
Quantitative changes in permeability of rat lung epithelium in lung edema.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Dextrans; Epithelium; Inulin; Kinetics; Lung; Male; Mannitol; Naphthalenes; Pulmonary Edema; Rats; Thiourea; Urea | 1978 |
[Effect of sodium chloride and urea in free-water reabsorption by the collecting ducts (TcH20): quantitative aspects].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diet; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Diuresis; Female; Humans; Kidney Tubules; Male; Mannitol; Oryza; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium Chloride; Technetium; Urea; Water | 1978 |
Free water clearance curves during saline, mannitol, glucose and urea diuresis in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Diuresis; Female; Glucose; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome; Male; Mannitol; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Water | 1978 |
Influence of perfusate osmolality on stop-flow pressure feedback responses in the dog.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Feedback; Female; Furosemide; Glucose; Hypotonic Solutions; Isotonic Solutions; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Tubules; Kidney Tubules, Distal; Male; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Perfusion; Pressure; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Urea | 1978 |
[Brain edema and methods of its management].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Brain; Brain Edema; Diuretics; Glycerol; Humans; Mannitol; Urea | 1978 |
[What is achieved by the therapy of brain edema?].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Barbiturates; Brain Edema; Carbon Dioxide; Diuretics; Glycerol; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Hypothermia, Induced; Mannitol; Respiration, Artificial; Sorbitol; Time Factors; Urea | 1976 |
Effect of transtubular osmotic gradients on the paracellular pathway in toad kidney proximal tubule: electron microscopic observations.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Bufo marinus; Epithelium; In Vitro Techniques; Intercellular Junctions; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Lanthanum; Mannitol; Microscopy, Electron; Osmotic Pressure; Perfusion; Urea | 1975 |
Permeability pathways for non-electrolytes through Bufo bufo gall-bladder.
Topics: Acetamides; Amphotericin B; Animals; Bufo bufo; Cell Membrane Permeability; Female; Formamides; Gallbladder; Humans; Mannitol; Molecular Conformation; Mucous Membrane; Serous Membrane; Urea; Xylose | 1975 |
Urease activity in the rumen of sheep and the isolation of ureolytic bacteria.
Topics: Acetates; Aerobiosis; Ammonia; Animals; Carbohydrates; Culture Media; Diet; Glucose; Hydroxamic Acids; Ions; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Mannitol; Rumen; Sheep; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Urea; Urease | 1976 |
The effects of temperature and thermal acclimation upon the osmotic properties and nonelectrolyte permeability of liver and gill mitochondria from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
Topics: Acclimatization; Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cytochrome Reductases; Gills; Glucose; Glycerol; Mannitol; Mitochondria; Mitochondria, Liver; Mitochondrial Swelling; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; Osmolar Concentration; Salmonidae; Temperature; Trout; Urea | 1976 |
The effects of hyperosmotic agents on the electrical properties of the amphibian lens in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Bufo marinus; Electrophysiology; Epithelium; Ethanol; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Lens, Crystalline; Mannitol; Membrane Potentials; Osmosis; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1976 |
Permeability of the sheep placenta to unmetabolized polar non-electrolytes.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Edetic Acid; Erythritol; Ethylene Glycols; Female; Glucose; Mannitol; Permeability; Placenta; Pregnancy; Sheep; Sucrose; Urea | 1976 |
Cardiac lysosomal derangements in mouse heart after long-term exposure to nonmetabolizable sugars.
Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carbohydrates; Cathepsins; Fetal Heart; Hydrocortisone; Hypertonic Solutions; Lysosomes; Mannitol; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Myocardium; Organ Culture Techniques; Osmolar Concentration; Sucrose; Time Factors; Urea | 1977 |
Chronotropic response of spontaneously beating rabbit atria to hyperosmotic media.
Topics: Animals; Epinephrine; Female; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Propranolol; Rabbits; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Stimulation, Chemical; Sucrose; Urea | 1977 |
Stimulation of prostaglandin output from rat stomach by hypertonic solutions.
Topics: Animals; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Prostaglandins E; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Stimulation, Chemical; Stomach; Time Factors; Urea | 1977 |
Noradrenaline induced secretion of nonelectrolytes through frog skin.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Biological Transport; Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; Mannitol; Membrane Potentials; Norepinephrine; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Thiourea; Urea | 1977 |
[Conservative treatment of simple glaucoma: 2. Adrenergic osmotic and other agents (author's transl)].
Topics: Cardiac Glycosides; Glaucoma; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Mannitol; Sympathomimetics; Urea | 1977 |
Cerebral edema.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Brain Edema; Glycerol; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Urea | 1977 |
Lung inflation and alveolar permeability to non-electrolytes in the adult sheep in vivo.
Topics: Albumins; Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Diffusion; Epithelium; Inulin; Lung; Mannitol; Osmotic Pressure; Pressure; Pulmonary Alveoli; Respiration; Sheep; Sucrose; Urea | 1976 |
[Cerebral edema: neurosurgical aspects of pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic problems (author's transl)].
Topics: Blood Pressure; Brain Edema; Brain Neoplasms; Contusions; Dexamethasone; Diuretics; Epilepsy; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Mannitol; Urea | 1976 |
[Use of osmotic diuresis in clinical toxicology].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Barbiturates; Diuresis; Female; Humans; Kidney Glomerulus; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Urea | 1976 |
Passage of sugars and urea across the isolated retina pigment epithelium of the frog.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Depression, Chemical; Electric Conductivity; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Membrane Potentials; Methylglucosides; Methylglycosides; Phlorhizin; Pigment Epithelium of Eye; Rana catesbeiana; Urea | 1976 |
Effect of alloxan on permeability and hexose transport in rat pancreatic islets.
Topics: Alloxan; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Glucose; Hexoses; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Mannitol; Rats; Sucrose; Tritium; Urea | 1975 |
Stimulation of active and passive sodium absorption by sugars in the human jejunum.
Topics: Anions; Bicarbonates; Biological Transport; Biological Transport, Active; Carbohydrates; Electrophysiology; Fructose; Glucose; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Mannitol; Potassium; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Stimulation, Chemical; Urea; Water | 1975 |
Raised intracranial pressure. Diagnosis and management.
Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dexamethasone; Glucose; Glycerol; Humans; Hypertension; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Papilledema; Spinal Puncture; Urea | 1975 |
Effect of perfusion rate on absorption, surface area, unstirred water layer thickness, permeability, and intraluminal pressure in the rat ileum in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Female; Glucose; Hydrostatic Pressure; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestinal Obstruction; Kinetics; Magnesium; Mannitol; Perfusion; Permeability; Pressure; Rats; Tritium; Urea; Water | 1975 |
Renal distension in response to water-soluble contrast medium and various diuretics.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Contrast Media; Diuretics; Ethacrynic Acid; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Stimulation, Chemical; Urea; Urography | 1975 |
A study of absorption of compounds from the rat biliary tree by retrograde intrabiliary injection (RII).
Topics: Absorption; Aminohippuric Acids; Animals; Biliary Tract; Carbon Radioisotopes; Erythritol; Injections; Inulin; Male; Mannitol; Methanol; Morphine; Ouabain; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Procainamide; Rats; Sulfobromophthalein; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Tritium; Urea | 1975 |
Intracranial pressure in Reye syndrome. Monitoring and control.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain Diseases; Child; Dexamethasone; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Male; Mannitol; Monitoring, Physiologic; Oxygen Consumption; Partial Pressure; Peritoneal Dialysis; Respiration, Artificial; Reye Syndrome; Urea | 1975 |
Poisoning--general treatment and prevention. Part III.
Topics: Accidents, Home; Acidosis; Antidotes; Coma; Drug Labeling; Emergencies; Health Education; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Methods; Poisoning; Seizures; Shock; Urea | 1975 |
[Osmo-oncotherapy in brain edema].
Topics: Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Fructose; Glucose; Glycerol; Humans; Hypernatremia; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Oxygen; Regional Blood Flow; Serum Albumin; Sorbitol; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1975 |
Physicochemical study of drug binary systems. Part 3: Tolbutamide-urea and tolbutamide-mannitol systems.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Drug Combinations; Mannitol; Temperature; Time Factors; Tolbutamide; Urea | 1975 |
Proceedings: Permeability of sheep placenta to unmetabolized polar non-electrolytes.
Topics: Animals; Erythritol; Female; Mannitol; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methylglucosides; Pregnancy; Urea | 1976 |
Monitoring and control of intracranial pressure in non-traumatic encephalopathies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Barbiturates; Brain Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexamethasone; Encephalitis; Female; Humans; Hyperventilation; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypoxia; Infant; Intracranial Pressure; Male; Mannitol; Mushroom Poisoning; Reye Syndrome; Urea | 1976 |
Intestinal calcium absorption: differences in transport between duodenum and ileum.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Choline; Duodenum; Fructose; Galactose; Glucose; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Mannitol; Methylglucosides; Rats; Urea; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Water | 1976 |
Time dependence of the selective modulation of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by WR2721 in the mouse.
Topics: Amifostine; Animals; Cisplatin; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Kidney; Liver; Male; Mannitol; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Ovarian Neoplasms; Premedication; Time Factors; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Urea | 1992 |
Hypotonic solutions induce epithelium-dependent relaxation of isolated canine bronchi.
Topics: Airway Resistance; Animals; Bronchi; Culture Techniques; Dogs; Epithelium; Female; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypotonic Solutions; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Mannitol; Nitric Oxide; Urea | 1992 |
Solute exchange between the plasma and epithelial lining fluid of rat lungs.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Body Fluids; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Epithelium; Lung; Mannitol; Permeability; Plasma; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Urea | 1992 |
Effects of osmolality on bicarbonate absorption by medullary thick ascending limb of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Bicarbonates; Biological Transport; Diuresis; Furosemide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Medulla; Kidney Tubules; Male; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1992 |
Cochlear blood flow and microvascular resistance changes in response to hypertonic glycerol, urea, and mannitol infusions.
Topics: Animals; Capillary Resistance; Cochlea; Disease Models, Animal; Endolymph; Glycerol; Guinea Pigs; Hypertonic Solutions; Lasers; Mannitol; Meniere Disease; Microcirculation; Time Factors; Urea | 1992 |
The pro-drug sulindac may reduce the risk of intestinal damage associated with the use of conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Edetic Acid; Humans; Indomethacin; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Permeability; Prodrugs; Sulindac; Urea | 1991 |
Continuous intestinal dialysis for uraemia by intermittent oral intake of non-absorbable solutions. An experimental study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Creatinine; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Phosphates; Polyethylene Glycols; Renal Dialysis; Urea; Uremia; Uric Acid | 1991 |
An independent effect of osmolality on urea transport in rat terminal inner medullary collecting ducts.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Biological Transport; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Medulla; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Male; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Vasopressins | 1991 |
Contraction of rat soleus muscle and the effects of hypertonic treatments.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Female; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Membrane Potentials; Muscle Contraction; Potassium; Rats; Sucrose; Urea | 1991 |
Acute changes in intracellular ions or pH and regulation of aldose reductase activity.
Topics: Aldehyde Reductase; Animals; Electrolytes; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Membranes; Ions; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors; Urea | 1991 |
Urea recycling from the renal pelvis in sheep: a study with [14C]urea.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Female; Kidney Pelvis; Mannitol; Perfusion; Sheep; Urea | 1990 |
Effects of changes in osmolarity on isolated human airways.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bronchi; Calcium; Constriction, Pathologic; Female; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypotonic Solutions; Isoproterenol; Male; Mannitol; Methacholine Chloride; Methacholine Compounds; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Osmolar Concentration; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Urea | 1990 |
Sodium-calcium exchange mechanism in vascular smooth muscle tissue as revealed by manipulating external magnesium.
Topics: Amiloride; Animals; Aorta; Calcium; Calcium Chloride; Choline; Magnesium; Mannitol; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Sucrose; Urea; Verapamil | 1990 |
Effects of hypertonicity on ADH-stimulated water permeability in rat inner medullary collecting duct.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Cyclic AMP; Hypertonic Solutions; Kidney Medulla; Kidney Tubules; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Male; Mannitol; Permeability; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Urea; Vasopressins; Water | 1990 |
Effects of dimethylsulfoxide and mercurial sulfhydryl reagents on water and solute permeability of rat kidney brush border membranes.
Topics: 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate; Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cysteine; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Dithiothreitol; Kidney; Kinetics; Mannitol; Mercury; Microvilli; Osmosis; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Sulfhydryl Reagents; Urea; Water | 1990 |
Passage of ions and dextran molecules across the rete mirabile of the eel. The effects of charge.
Topics: Air Sacs; Anguilla; Animals; Capillary Permeability; Chlorides; Dextran Sulfate; Dextrans; Ferrocyanides; Iodine; Ions; Mannitol; Potassium; Rubidium; Sodium; Sulfates; Urea | 1985 |
Water and nonelectrolyte permeability of isolated rat hepatocytes.
Topics: Animals; Body Water; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Dextrans; Erythritol; In Vitro Techniques; Inulin; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Mannitol; Microscopy, Electron; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sucrose; Tritium; Urea | 1986 |
Action of forskolin on non-electrolyte permeability across the frog skin as compared to that of vasopressin and isoprenaline.
Topics: Animals; Antipyrine; Cell Membrane Permeability; Colforsin; Erythritol; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Mannitol; Rana esculenta; Skin; Urea; Vasopressins | 1987 |
Acute regulation of the predominant organic solutes of the rabbit renal inner medulla.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Diuresis; Furosemide; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Homeostasis; Inositol; Kidney Medulla; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mannitol; Phosphorus; Rabbits; Sodium; Sorbitol; Urea; Vasopressins | 1989 |
Jejunal dialysis in man using mannitol as the perfusate.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Creatinine; Dialysis Solutions; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Hemodialysis Solutions; Humans; Jejunum; Male; Mannitol; Peritoneal Dialysis; Potassium; Sodium; Urea | 1989 |
Role of chloride in hypertonicity-induced contractures of rat soleus muscle.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Female; Hypertonic Solutions; Mannitol; Muscle Contraction; Nitrates; Perchlorates; Rats; Sucrose; Sulfates; Time Factors; Urea | 1989 |
Hyperosmotic sodium salts reverse severe hemorrhagic shock: other solutes do not.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Animals; Bicarbonates; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Chlorides; Dogs; Electrolytes; Glucose; Hemodynamics; Lithium; Male; Mannitol; Nitrates; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Solutions; Tromethamine; Urea | 1987 |
Effects of osmolality on phosphoinositide hydrolysis in renal medulla.
Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Inositol; Kidney Medulla; Male; Mannitol; Membrane Lipids; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphatidylinositols; Rabbits; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1988 |
Osmoregulation in red blood cells of Bufo viridis.
Topics: Animals; Bufonidae; Erythrocytes; Kinetics; Mannitol; Muscles; Organ Specificity; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1985 |
Effects of hypertonicity on cAMP production in cultured renal epithelial cells (LLC-PK1).
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Cell Line; Cyclic AMP; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Kidney; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Urea; Vasopressins | 1987 |
Separate mechanisms for central osmotically-induced drinking and vasopressin release in minipigs.
Topics: Animals; Drinking; Female; Hypertonic Solutions; Injections, Intraventricular; Lypressin; Male; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Urea | 1987 |
Transfer of nonelectrolytes from blood into peripheral nerve endoneurium.
Topics: Animals; Blood; Blood Glucose; Blood-Brain Barrier; Capillary Permeability; Cell Membrane Permeability; Male; Mannitol; Mathematics; Membrane Lipids; Peripheral Nerves; Rats; Solubility; Sucrose; Tibial Nerve; Urea | 1987 |
Lipid peroxidation in hepatocyte cell cultures: modulation by free radical scavengers and iron.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Deferoxamine; Iron; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lipid Peroxides; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mannitol; Rats; Urea | 1988 |
Effect of urea, glycerol, and mannitol on basilar and labyrinthine arteries.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Basilar Artery; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ear, Inner; Female; Glycerol; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mannitol; Urea; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation | 1988 |
Active transport of urea by mammalian kidney.
Topics: Amiloride; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Diuresis; Dogs; Guanidines; Kidney; Mannitol; Pyrazines; Urea | 1988 |
Responses from osmosensitive neurons of the rat subfornical organ in vitro.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Magnesium Chloride; Male; Mannitol; Neurosecretory Systems; Osmolar Concentration; Preoptic Area; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Subfornical Organ; Urea | 1988 |
Subcellular changes in the endolymphatic sac after administration of hyperosmolar substances.
Topics: Animals; Cytoplasmic Granules; Ear, Inner; Endolymph; Endolymphatic Sac; Epithelium; Female; Glycerol; Male; Mannitol; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Urea | 1988 |
General effects of hyperosmolar agents on the endolymphatic sac.
Topics: Animals; Cytoplasmic Granules; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ear, Inner; Endolymphatic Sac; Epithelium; Glycerol; Hypertonic Solutions; Infusions, Intravenous; Mannitol; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Microscopy, Electron; Urea | 1988 |
Adrenergic-induced enhancement of brain barrier system permeability to small nonelectrolytes: choroid plexus versus cerebral capillaries.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Animals; Blood; Blood Pressure; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Capillary Permeability; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Choroid Plexus; Epinephrine; Hypertension; Isoproterenol; Male; Mannitol; Phenylephrine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tritium; Urea | 1985 |
Transepithelial transport of nonelectrolytes in the rabbit mandibular salivary gland.
Topics: Alcohols; Animals; Antipyrine; Biological Transport; Epithelium; In Vitro Techniques; Inulin; Kinetics; Male; Mandible; Mannitol; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Perfusion; Rabbits; Salivary Glands; Sucrose; Urea | 1985 |
Effects of mannitol on the postischemic kidney. Biochemical, functional, and morphologic assessments.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Creatinine; Female; Ischemia; Kidney; Mannitol; Microscopy, Electron; Osmolar Concentration; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Regional Blood Flow; Renal Artery Obstruction; Time Factors; Urea; Urodynamics | 1985 |
Induced changes in intracranial pressure in the anesthetized rat and rabbit.
Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Cardiovascular System; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Injections, Intraventricular; Intracranial Pressure; Male; Mannitol; Monitoring, Physiologic; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stereotaxic Techniques; Sympathomimetics; Urea | 1985 |
Symposium. Brain edema.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Brain Damage, Chronic; Brain Edema; Dogs; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Microscopy, Electron; Sodium; Steroids; Urea | 1967 |
Osmotic stimulation of vasotocin secretion by the toad's hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Bufo marinus; Culture Media; Culture Techniques; Female; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Pituitary Gland; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Vasotocin | 1974 |
Pathways for movement of ions and water across toad urinary bladder. I. Anatomic site of transepithelial shunt pathways.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Biological Transport, Active; Bufo marinus; Diffusion; Electric Conductivity; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Mannitol; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Microscopy, Electron; Oligosaccharides; Osmolar Concentration; Permeability; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Urea; Urinary Bladder; Water | 1973 |
Absence of concurrent permeability changes of intestinal mucosa in association with cholera toxin-induced secretion.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cholera; Creatinine; Diarrhea; Edetic Acid; Enterotoxins; Hypertonic Solutions; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Lactose; Male; Mannitol; Perfusion; Permeability; Phenolphthaleins; Rabbits; Sodium; Tritium; Urea; Water | 1974 |
Widening of the paracellular pathway in the kidney tubule by a transtubular osmotic gradient. Passage of graded size non-electrolytes.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Bufo marinus; Extracellular Space; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Inulin; Kidney Tubules; Liver Circulation; Male; Mannitol; Osmotic Pressure; Perfusion; Permeability; Portal System; Regional Blood Flow; Sucrose; Urea | 1974 |
[Treatment of vitreous loss in cataract surgery].
Topics: Cataract Extraction; Eye Diseases; Humans; Iris; Mannitol; Methods; Perfusion; Urea; Vitreous Body | 1967 |
[Effect of hyperosmotic solutions on the oxidation of (1-14C)-glucose in epididymal fat tissue].
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Amides; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Depression, Chemical; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Insulin Antagonists; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Stimulation, Chemical; Urea | 1968 |
[Conservative treatment of severe craniocerebral injuries].
Topics: Brain; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Electroencephalography; Fructose; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Mannitol; Neurologic Examination; Osmolar Concentration; Parenteral Nutrition; Respiration, Artificial; Skull Fractures; Sorbitol; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1971 |
[Problems of anesthesia in brain surgery].
Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Blood Pressure Determination; Brain; Brain Edema; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Diuresis; Electrocardiography; Embolism, Air; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypotension, Controlled; Hypothermia, Induced; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intubation, Intratracheal; Mannitol; Posture; Preanesthetic Medication; Respiratory Function Tests; Sorbitol; Urea; Venous Pressure | 1971 |
Routes of nonelectrolyte permeation across epithelial membranes.
Topics: Acetamides; Alcohols; Animals; Antipyrine; Bufo marinus; Caffeine; Choroid Plexus; Epithelium; Erythritol; Gallbladder; Glycerol; Kinetics; Mannitol; Mathematics; Membranes; Niacinamide; Organ Specificity; Permeability; Rabbits; Rana catesbeiana; Sucrose; Urea; Urinary Bladder; Water | 1974 |
[Trial treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia with 3 new chemotherapeutic agents: dibromomannitol, hydroxyurea and desacetamidocolchicine].
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Colchicine; Female; Humans; Hydroxyurea; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Mannitol; Urea | 1966 |
[Current data on cerebral edema. II. Therapeutical aspects].
Topics: Acetazolamide; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Brain Edema; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cortisone; Dehydration; Diuresis; Diuretics; Glycerol; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypothermia, Induced; Mannitol; Osmotic Pressure; Urea | 1968 |
[Are brain metastases curable?].
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Mannitol; Neoplasm Metastasis; Perfusion; Pituitary Hormones, Posterior; Prognosis; Urea | 1967 |
Stimulation of insulin secretion by pyridine nucleotides.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Membrane; Fishes; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Mannitol; NAD; NADP; Stimulation, Chemical; Tritium; Urea | 1971 |
The blood to tissue distribution of various polar materials in the dogfish, Squalus acanthias.
Topics: Animals; Capillary Permeability; Carbon Isotopes; Chlorides; Extracellular Space; Glycols; Intestinal Mucosa; Inulin; Mannitol; Muscles; Myocardium; Pericardial Effusion; Plasma Volume; Radioisotopes; Rectum; Sharks; Sucrose; Thiourea; Tritium; Urea; Water | 1972 |
[Medical treatment of brain edema].
Topics: Brain Edema; Dexamethasone; Furosemide; Glycerol; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Hypothermia, Induced; Mannitol; Urea | 1974 |
[Atypical effects of massive and accelerated osmolar infusions].
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Dogs; Glycerol; Hypertonic Solutions; Infusions, Parenteral; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Respiration; Time Factors; Urea | 1974 |
The influence of ureter ligation and diuresis on renal lymph formation.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Diuresis; Female; Furosemide; Hydronephrosis; Inulin; Iodine Isotopes; Iodohippuric Acid; Kidney; Kidney Pelvis; Leg; Leukocyte Count; Ligation; Lymph; Magnesium; Mannitol; Potassium; Proteins; Sheep; Urea; Ureter | 1972 |
Response of the frog skin to steady-state voltage clamping. I. The shunt pathway.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Calcium; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chlorides; Chlorine; Electrophysiology; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Membrane Potentials; Osmolar Concentration; Ouabain; Potassium; Radioisotopes; Rana pipiens; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Sodium; Sodium Isotopes; Time Factors; Tritium; Urea | 1972 |
[Acute kidney failure following operations on the heart and great thoracic vessels. I. Occurrence of postoperative kidney failure in heart surgery. II. Prevention and therapy using mannitol].
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Extracorporeal Circulation; Female; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Valve Diseases; Heart-Lung Machine; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Male; Mannitol; Postoperative Complications; Potassium; Sodium; Tetralogy of Fallot; Urea; Vascular Surgical Procedures | 1972 |
Osmotic regulation of toad bladder responsiveness to neurohypophyseal hormones.
Topics: Animals; Bufo marinus; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Mucous Membrane; Osmotic Pressure; Serous Membrane; Urea; Urinary Bladder; Vasopressins; Vasotocin; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1972 |
Medical management of closed head injuries.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Transfusion; Cerebral Angiography; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Child; Craniocerebral Trauma; Decerebrate State; Embolism, Fat; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Hypothermia, Induced; Intracranial Pressure; Intubation, Intratracheal; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Physiologic; Neurologic Examination; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Plasma Substitutes; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Urea | 1972 |
[Intensive care of patients with skull and brain injuries].
Topics: Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Angiography; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Skull Fractures; Sorbitol; Time Factors; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1972 |
Cerebral edema and its medical management.
Topics: Brain Edema; Dexamethasone; Glycerol; Humans; Mannitol; Urea | 1972 |
[Critical evaluation of the "wash-out" test in comparison with renin determination in revovascular hypertension].
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Male; Mannitol; Methods; Middle Aged; Renal Artery Obstruction; Renin; Urea; Urography | 1972 |
Alterations in renal tubular sodium and water reabsorption in chronic renal disease in man.
Topics: Absorption; Adult; Aged; Fludrocortisone; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Inulin; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Tubules; Kidney Tubules, Distal; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Sodium; Urea; Urine; Water | 1972 |
Influence of aldosterone on sodium, water and potassium metabolism in chronic renal disease.
Topics: Aldosterone; Blood; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Water; Creatinine; Desoxycorticosterone; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Extracellular Space; Feces; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Plasma Volume; Potassium; Sodium; Spironolactone; Urea; Urine; Vasopressins | 1972 |
Factors affecting the interactions of collagen molecules as observed by in vitro fibril formation. I. Effects of small molecules, especially saccharides.
Topics: Alcohols; Animals; Arginine; Calcium Chloride; Cattle; Collagen; Depression, Chemical; Glucosamine; Glucose; Mannitol; Monosaccharides; Oligosaccharides; Ornithine; Pyridinium Compounds; Sodium Chloride; Stimulation, Chemical; Sucrose; Surface-Active Agents; Thiocyanates; Tromethamine; Urea | 1972 |
Glomerular filtration changes during renal artery infusion of various hypertonic solutions in the dog.
Topics: Animals; Creatinine; Depression, Chemical; Dogs; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucose; Hematocrit; Hypertonic Solutions; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Male; Mannitol; Renal Artery; Sodium Chloride; Sulfates; Urea; Water | 1972 |
Effects of hypertonic solutions on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the lateral ventricle of the dog.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Ventricles; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Dogs; Hypertonic Solutions; Injections, Intravenous; Intracranial Pressure; Isotonic Solutions; Lactates; Mannitol; Pressure; Sodium Chloride; Time Factors; Urea; Urine | 1973 |
Urea response to pure osmotic stress in the aquatic total Xenopus laevis.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney; Liver; Male; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphotransferases; Sodium; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors; Urea; Xenopus | 1973 |
Retrograde intrabiliary injection: absorption of water and other compounds from the rat biliary tree.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Bile; Biliary Tract; Carbon Isotopes; Erythritol; Injections; Inulin; Male; Mannitol; Methods; Morphine; Rats; Sulfobromophthalein; Tritium; Urea; Water | 1973 |
Urea transport in elasmobranch erythrocytes.
Topics: Acetamides; Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane Permeability; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Mannitol; Sharks; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Time Factors; Urea | 1973 |
Mechanism of xylitol toxicity in the rabbit.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glucose; Injections, Intravenous; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mannitol; Rabbits; Urea; Xylitol | 1973 |
Effects of high and low protein diets on sheep renal function and metabolism.
Topics: Aminohippuric Acids; Animals; Chlorides; Dehydration; Dietary Proteins; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucose; Hydrolases; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Mannitol; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP); Potassium; Regional Blood Flow; Sheep; Sodium; Starvation; Transferases; Urea; Vasopressins | 1973 |
[State after hanging and its treatment].
Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Edema; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Psychotherapy; Resuscitation; Suicide; Time Factors; Urea | 1973 |
The adaptation of renal urea excretion after unilateral nephrectomy and after overloading with urea.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Administration, Oral; Animals; Diuresis; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Injections, Intravenous; Insulin; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Nephrectomy; Rats; Urea | 1973 |
Applied anatomy and physiology of the anterior chamber angle.
Topics: Animals; Anterior Chamber; Aqueous Humor; Biological Transport, Active; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Cats; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dogs; Glaucoma; Glycerol; Gonioscopy; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Miotics; Mydriatics; Tonometry, Ocular; Urea | 1973 |
Gas proportional counting compared with liquid scintillation counting for assaying tritium in biological materials.
Topics: Animals; Feces; Folic Acid; Intestines; Mannitol; Ouabain; Radiometry; Rats; Scintillation Counting; Tritium; Urea; Urine | 1974 |
[Kidney function in surgery using the heart-lung-machine].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Child; Creatinine; Electrolytes; Extracorporeal Circulation; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart-Lung Machine; Humans; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Postoperative Care; Preoperative Care; Time Factors; Urea; Urine | 1974 |
Effects of maintanned osmolarity changes on rat portal vein spontaneous contractions.
Topics: Animals; Glucose; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Portal Vein; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Urea | 1974 |
Influence of hyperosmolar agents on hypoxic cat papillary muscle function.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Muscle Contraction; Osmolar Concentration; Papillary Muscles; Stimulation, Chemical; Sucrose; Time Factors; Urea | 1974 |
On the mechanism of isoosmotic transport of fluid across the small intestine. The effect of the Staverman reflection coefficient of the solute used to increase the osmolality of the mucosal solution on the composition of the absorbate.
Topics: Animals; Cricetinae; Erythritol; Female; Formamides; Glucose; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Isotonic Solutions; Lactulose; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Osmosis; Potassium; Sodium; Sucrose; Time Factors; Urea | 1974 |
Increased intracranial pressure in childhood.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Brain; Brain Edema; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Child; Encephalocele; Glycerol; Head; Headache; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypothermia, Induced; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Papilledema; Personality Disorders; Radiography; Regional Blood Flow; Urea; Vision Disorders; Vomiting | 1974 |
Magnesium absorption by the rat ileum and colon.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Colon; Diffusion; Glucose; Hexoses; Hypotonic Solutions; Ileum; Magnesium; Male; Mannitol; Rats; Sodium; Urea; Water | 1974 |
Renal excretion of urea in the dog during onset and subsidence of diuresis.
Topics: Animals; Diatrizoate; Diuresis; Dogs; Ethacrynic Acid; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Inulin; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Osmosis; Pressure; Urea | 1974 |
Twenty-four-hour renal preservation using perfusion cooling by autologous arterial blood.
Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Creatinine; Dogs; Heparin; Hypothermia, Induced; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Mannitol; Nephrectomy; Perfusion; Replantation; Time Factors; Tissue Preservation; Transplantation, Autologous; Urea | 1968 |
Fluid compartments of islet and other tissues of the toadfish Opsanus tau.
Topics: Alloxan; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Extracellular Space; Fishes; Gills; Inulin; Islets of Langerhans; Kidney; Liver; Mannitol; Muscles; Myocardium; Permeability; Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; Tritium; Urea | 1969 |
Blood-brain transfer of glucose and other molecules measured by rapid indicator dilution.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Capillary Permeability; Carbon Isotopes; Chlorides; Chromium Isotopes; Diffusion; Dogs; Glucose; Glycerol; Hemoglobins; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Mannitol; Radioisotopes; Rubidium; Sodium; Sodium Isotopes; Sucrose; Time Factors; Tritium; Urea; Water | 1971 |
Uptake of nonmetabolites by brain slices.
Topics: Amines; Brain; Creatine; Cyanides; Dinitrophenols; Extracellular Space; Histological Techniques; In Vitro Techniques; Lysine; Mannitol; Phenylalanine; Sulfates; Tyrosine; Urea | 1970 |
Effect of small-dose hyperosmotic injections on intraocular pressure of small animals and man when optic nerves are transected and intact.
Topics: Animals; Haplorhini; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypertonic Solutions; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Mannitol; Optic Nerve; Osmotic Pressure; Rabbits; Time Factors; Urea; Vitreous Body | 1971 |
Renal handling of bicarbonate: effect of mannitol diuresis.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Animals; Bicarbonates; Carbonic Anhydrases; Diuresis; Dogs; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney; Mannitol; Potassium; Sodium; Urea | 1971 |
The functioning of Henle's loop as studied in microperfusion experiments on desert rodents (Meriones shawii duvernois).
Topics: Animals; Gerbillinae; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Tubules; Loop of Henle; Mannitol; Osmotic Pressure; Perfusion; Potassium; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Water | 1971 |
The effect of short-term changes in the external salinity on the levels of the non-protein nitrogenous compounds and the ornithine-urea cycle enzymes in Rana cancrivora.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Anura; Arginase; Aspartic Acid; Carbamates; Choline; Citrulline; Female; Hypertonic Solutions; Ligases; Liver; Lysine; Male; Mannitol; Muscles; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphotransferases; Potassium; Ranidae; Sodium; Sucrose; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1972 |
Renal concentrating ability in sheep during urea, mannitol, and methylurea diuresis.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Diuresis; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Inulin; Kidney; Kinetics; Mannitol; Methylation; Methylurea Compounds; Osmolar Concentration; Sheep; Urea | 1972 |
Excretion of urea in sheep during urea, mannitol, and methylurea osmotic diuresis.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Diuresis; Female; Inulin; Kidney; Mannitol; Methylation; Osmolar Concentration; Sheep; Urea; Vasopressins | 1972 |
Excretion of sodium and potassium in sheep during osmotic diuresis.
Topics: Animals; Diuresis; Female; Inulin; Mannitol; Methylation; Potassium; Sheep; Sodium; Urea | 1972 |
Effects of potassium depletion on renal tubular sodium and water reabsorption in the dog.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Diuresis; Dogs; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney Tubules; Kinetics; Mannitol; Potassium; Potassium Deficiency; Sodium; Urea; Water | 1972 |
Specificity of the effect of lithium injections on the entry of carbon atoms of glucose into mouse brain in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon; Carbon Isotopes; Fructose; Glucose; Lithium; Male; Mannitol; Mannose; Mice; Organ Specificity; Stimulation, Chemical; Sucrose; Urea | 1972 |
Urea-induced myoclonic seizures. An experimental study of site of action and mechanism.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Stem; Cats; Curare; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes, Implanted; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Mannitol; Myoclonus; Osmolar Concentration; Plasma; Pyramidal Tracts; Reticular Formation; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Urea | 1972 |
Acute renal failure and open heart surgery.
Topics: Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Autopsy; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Child; Child, Preschool; Extracorporeal Circulation; Female; Furosemide; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Perfusion; Peritoneal Dialysis; Pressure; Renal Dialysis; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Urea | 1972 |
Absorption of saccharides and urea from the rat lung.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Dextrans; Diffusion; Erythritol; Inulin; Lung; Male; Mannitol; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sucrose; Sugar Alcohols; Time Factors; Urea | 1972 |
Mannitol induced central nervous system toxicity in renal failure.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Central Nervous System Diseases; Dogs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ligation; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Time Factors; Urea | 1972 |
Cerebrospinal fluid pressure changes with chemotherapy for intracerebral hemorrhage.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Dexamethasone; Diuretics; Dogs; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Urea | 1972 |
Effects of renal artery infusion of various hypertonic solutions on the renal blood flow and renal handling of PAH in the dog.
Topics: Aminohippuric Acids; Animals; Creatinine; Dogs; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Kidney; Ligation; Male; Mannitol; Regional Blood Flow; Renal Artery; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sulfates; Urea; Ureter | 1972 |
[Studies on cerebral circulation with intracerebral rheography].
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Blood Pressure; Carotid Arteries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Depression, Chemical; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Injections, Intravenous; Kallikreins; Mannitol; Metaraminol; Papaverine; Phenylephrine; Plethysmography, Impedance; Regional Blood Flow; Stimulation, Chemical; Thiamine; Tolazoline; Urea; Vasodilator Agents | 1971 |
Intraventricular pressure after administration of dehydrating agents to severely brain-injured patients: is there a rebound phenomenon?
Topics: Brain Diseases; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Glycerol; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Retrospective Studies; Urea | 1971 |
[Clinic and treatment of acute renal failure].
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Anuria; Diuresis; Female; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Pregnancy; Renal Dialysis; Sorbitol; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1971 |
The role of the epithelium in control of corneal hydration.
Topics: Animals; Cesium; Choline; Cornea; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Glucose; Glycerol; Hydrolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Lithium; Magnesium; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Rabbits; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Thiourea; Urea; Water | 1971 |
[Reduction of brain volume with mannitol and fructose].
Topics: Anesthesia; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Diuresis; Drug Synergism; Fructose; Injections, Intravenous; Intracranial Aneurysm; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Urea | 1971 |
[Lithium poisoning and kidney function].
Topics: Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Cerebral Cortex; Creatinine; Dehydration; Female; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Tubules; Lithium; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Pyelonephritis; Renal Dialysis; Sodium; Suicide; Urea | 1971 |
[The morphologic lesion "brain edema" and experimental studies on desiccation].
Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Dogs; Female; Germany, East; Humans; Hypoxia; Male; Mannitol; Skull Fractures; Time Factors; Urea | 1971 |
[Dehydration therapy in the acute period of severe craniocerebral injury].
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Hematoma; Humans; Hypoxia; Mannitol; Skull Fractures; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1971 |
[Selection and comparative study of the strain Act. noursei not producing nystatin and of the initial strain].
Topics: Arabinose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Depression, Chemical; Fructose; Galactose; Genetics, Microbial; Glucose; Lactose; Maltose; Mannitol; Mutation; Nitrogen; Nitroso Compounds; Nitrosourea Compounds; Nystatin; Phosphorus; Sorbitol; Starch; Streptomyces; Sucrose; Time Factors; Urea; Xylose | 1971 |
Permeability of lung capillaries and alveoli to non-electrolytes in the foetal lamb.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Capillary Permeability; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Erythritol; Female; Fetus; Injections, Intravenous; Inulin; Lipids; Lung; Lymph; Mannitol; Models, Biological; Permeability; Pregnancy; Pulmonary Alveoli; Serine; Sheep; Solubility; Sucrose; Thiourea; Urea; Water | 1971 |
[Experimental study on fluid shifts in vitro tissues in hypertonic solutions].
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Body Fluids; Body Water; Brain; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Fructose; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Mannitol; Muscles; Rats; Skin; Urea; Water | 1971 |
Balances of water and sodium in the rumen during feeding: osmotic stimulation of sodium absorption in the sheep.
Topics: Animals; Fatty Acids; Gastric Fistula; Intestinal Absorption; Mannitol; Osmosis; Potassium Chloride; Rumen; Salivation; Sheep; Sodium; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1966 |
Plasma osmolality and salt gland secretion in the duck.
Topics: Animals; Blood; Ducks; Glucose; Injections, Intravenous; Mannitol; Nose; Osmolar Concentration; Osmosis; Potassium Chloride; Salt Gland; Secretory Rate; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Urea | 1969 |
The value of osmotic hypotonising means for the treatment of ocular hypertension.
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Glaucoma; Glycerol; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Urea | 1966 |
Mercurial diuretics.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Acidosis; Alkalosis; Animals; Autoradiography; Diuresis; Dogs; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Mercury Isotopes; Organomercury Compounds; Urea; Water | 1966 |
[Brain edema and anesthesia].
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Asphyxia; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Brain Edema; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypoxia; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Steroids; Urea; Ventilators, Mechanical | 1968 |
Acute renal failure. Experimental production and prevention.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Diuresis; Dogs; Endotoxins; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli Infections; Lipopolysaccharides; Mannitol; Models, Theoretical; Urea | 1965 |
Effect of mannitol, saline, and urea on the function of a recently autotransplanted kidney.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Mannitol; Sodium Chloride; Transplantation, Autologous; Urea | 1966 |
Effects of diuretics and steroids on CSF pressure. A comparative study.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Dexamethasone; Diuretics; Dogs; Hematoma, Subdural; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Pressure; Urea | 1969 |
Effect of reduced glomerular filtration rate on the fractional excretion of urea in the dg.
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Blood Pressure; Dogs; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hypotension, Controlled; Inulin; Male; Mannitol; Urea; Urinary Catheterization; Vasopressins | 1969 |
Effect of osmotic agents on the vitreous body.
Topics: Animals; Carbohydrates; Injections, Intravenous; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Osmosis; Tonometry, Ocular; Urea; Vitreous Body | 1969 |
[Micropuncture study of urine formation. I. In the rat during various diuretic states].
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Diuresis; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Inulin; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Osmotic Pressure; Perfusion; Potassium; Punctures; Rats; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Tritium; Urea; Water | 1969 |
[Comparative animal experiment studies by means of new technical measuring procedures for the examination of the clearing-up effect of various osmotic substances in corneal edema].
Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cornea; Corneal Opacity; Edema; Glucose; Glycerol; Mannitol; Methylcellulose; Osmosis; Photography; Propylene Glycols; Rabbits; Semiconductors; Sodium Chloride; Sorbitol; Urea | 1969 |
[Arousal of hyperosmotic thirst in the rat and gerbil].
Topics: Animals; Female; Fructose; Gerbillinae; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; Male; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Physiology, Comparative; Plasma; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Thirst; Urea | 1969 |
[Micropuncture study of urine formation. 3. In non-diuretic gerbils and in gerbils undergoing mannitol diuresis].
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Diuresis; Gerbillinae; Inulin; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Tritium; Urea | 1969 |
[Present status of osmotherapeutic treatment].
Topics: Eye Diseases; Glaucoma; Glycerol; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Injections, Intravenous; Mannitol; Sodium; Urea | 1969 |
[Influence of 2 types of osmotic diuresis on renal excretion of urea; study by micropuncture].
Topics: Animals; Diuresis; Inulin; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Perfusion; Punctures; Rats; Urea | 1969 |
[Quantitative evaluation of drug effects on brain edema].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Brain Edema; Choline; Cytosine Nucleotides; Glucose; Mannitol; Prednisolone; Rats; Time Factors; Urea | 1969 |
Effect of hypertonicity on permeability properties of the toad bladder.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Carbon Isotopes; Diffusion; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Membrane Potentials; Osmolar Concentration; Permeability; Sucrose; Urea; Urinary Bladder; Vasopressins; Water | 1970 |
Charge-mosaic membranes: dialytic separation of electrolytes from nonelectrolytes and amino acids.
Topics: Dialysis; Glycine; Ion Exchange; Kidneys, Artificial; Mannitol; Membranes, Artificial; Methanol; Phenylalanine; Potassium Chloride; Urea | 1970 |
Effect of hyperosmotic agents on vitreous osmolality.
Topics: Animals; Aqueous Humor; Glycerol; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Rabbits; Urea; Vitreous Body; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1970 |
Mannitol osmotic diuresis in patients with chronic renal failure.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bicarbonates; Creatinine; Diuresis; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Natriuresis; Osmosis; Phosphates; Potassium; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sodium; Urea; Uric Acid; Urine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1970 |
Factors determining response to mannitol in acute renal failure.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anuria; Diuresis; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Time Factors; Urea | 1970 |
[Diuretics for the treatment of brain edema].
Topics: Brain Edema; Diuretics; Humans; Mannitol; Urea | 1970 |
[Treatment of poisoning by osmodiuresis].
Topics: Diuresis; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Poisoning; Tranquilizing Agents; Urea | 1970 |
Body fluid composition and sodium excretion under osmotic diuresis.
Topics: Adult; Body Fluids; Diuresis; Diuretics; Electrolytes; Extracellular Space; Female; Humans; Hypernatremia; Hyponatremia; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Sodium; Urea; Urine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1970 |
Drugs for reducing increased intracranial pressure.
Topics: Diuretics; Glycerol; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Urea | 1970 |
DNA loss, cell loss and epithelial.
Topics: Colon; DNA; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Mannitol; Perfusion; Time Factors; Urea | 1970 |
Effects of systemically administered drugs on intraocular pressure in rabbits.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Amphetamine; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Carotid Arteries; Chlordiazepoxide; Chlorothiazide; Chlorpromazine; Depression, Chemical; Dichlorphenamide; Female; Glycerol; Guanethidine; Hexamethonium Compounds; Imipramine; Intraocular Pressure; Iproniazid; Male; Mannitol; Phenoxybenzamine; Phenylbutazone; Pilocarpine; Pyridines; Rabbits; Stimulation, Chemical; Urea | 1970 |
Blood hyperosmolality and pulmonary vascular resistance in the cat.
Topics: Animals; Blood; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Cats; Glucose; Glycols; Infusions, Parenteral; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Physical Exertion; Pulmonary Circulation; Sodium Chloride; Thiourea; Urea; Vascular Resistance | 1971 |
Therapy in experimental hyphema.
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Chromium Isotopes; Conjunctiva; Hyphema; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Methylprednisolone; Rabbits; Urea | 1971 |
Relationship between intracranial pressure and water content of the brain in experimental brain oedema.
Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Urea; Water | 1971 |
Some aspects of uptake of non-metabolites in slices of mouse brain.
Topics: Amines; Animals; Arginine; Biological Transport, Active; Body Fluids; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Creatine; Cyanides; Depression, Chemical; Dinitrophenols; Extracellular Space; In Vitro Techniques; Inulin; Lysine; Mannitol; Mice; Phenylalanine; Phosphocreatine; Polyamines; Spermine; Stimulation, Chemical; Sulfates; Sulfur Isotopes; Tyrosine; Urea | 1971 |
Effect of acute urea administration on urinary nonurea solute concentration.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Proteins; Dogs; Female; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Urea | 1971 |
[Current medical treatment of otogenic meningitis].
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Barbiturates; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mannitol; Meningitis; Otitis Media; Penicillin G; Sodium; Sulfonamides; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1971 |
The pathogenesis, prediction, and prevention of acute renal failure in surgical patients.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Creatinine; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Infections; Kidney; Mannitol; Postoperative Complications; Urea | 1971 |
[Effect of the osmotic diuretics, urea and mannite, on erythrocyte morphology].
Topics: Burns; Diuretics; Erythrocytes; Humans; Mannitol; Urea | 1971 |
Influence of variations in hydration and in solute excretion of the effects of lysine-vasopressin infusion on urinary and renal tissue composition in the conscious rat.
Topics: Animals; Dehydration; Kidney; Lysine; Male; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1971 |
Variations of intracranial pressure recorded during extended observations.
Topics: Furosemide; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Transducers; Urea | 1967 |
[The value of osmotic pressure-decreasing substances in the treatment of increasing intraocular pressure].
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Cataract; Glaucoma; Glycerol; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Urea | 1967 |
Increased intracranial tension: an experimental study.
Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Dogs; Glucose; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Sucrose; Urea | 1967 |
[A flame spectrophotometer to determine sodium and potassium in biological samples of the nanoliter order].
Topics: Calcium; Carbonates; Chlorides; Glucose; Magnesium; Mannitol; Microchemistry; Phosphates; Potassium; Proteins; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sodium; Spectrophotometry; Sulfates; Temperature; Urea | 1967 |
[Modern technics of diagnosis in nephrology].
Topics: Albuminuria; Biopsy; Creatinine; Electrophoresis; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glycosuria; Humans; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Function Tests; Mannitol; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nephritis; Phenolphthaleins; Pregnancy; Radioisotope Renography; Urea; Urine | 1967 |
[Use of uranphar ophthalmology. Apropos of 50 cases].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cataract Extraction; Child; Child, Preschool; Eye Diseases; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Urea | 1967 |
[Experimental study of osmotic agent for the purpose of lowering the intraocular pressure].
Topics: Animals; Aqueous Humor; Ascorbic Acid; Ethanol; Fructose; Glucose; Glycerol; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Rabbits; Urea; Vitreous Body | 1967 |
Passive movement of water and sodium across the human small intestinal mucosa.
Topics: Adult; Biological Transport; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Perfusion; Permeability; Sodium; Urea; Water | 1968 |
Depletion of medullary urea concentration gradient in rat kidney during osmotic diuresis.
Topics: Animals; Diuresis; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Osmosis; Rats; Urea | 1968 |
The mechanisms of sodium absorption in the human small intestine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bicarbonates; Biological Transport, Active; Electrophysiology; Female; Galactose; Glucose; Humans; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Jejunum; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Osmosis; Perfusion; Sodium; Urea; Water | 1968 |
Further observations on asymmetrical solute movement across membranes.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Biological Transport, Active; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cyanides; Dinitrophenols; Inulin; Mannitol; Membranes, Artificial; Osmosis; Ouabain; Sodium; Sucrose; Urea | 1968 |
Enhancement of renal concentrating ability in the rat by acetamide and methylurea.
Topics: Amides; Animals; Female; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Urea; Urine; Vasopressins | 1968 |
Canalicular bile production in dogs.
Topics: Absorption; Alcohols; Animals; Bile; Bile Acids and Salts; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Cholecystectomy; Chromatography, Paper; Creatinine; Dogs; Duodenum; Erythritol; Female; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Inulin; Mannitol; Models, Biological; Osmosis; Secretin; Secretory Rate; Sucrose; Urea | 1968 |
Functional and histological injury to intestinal mucosa produced by hypertonicity.
Topics: Animals; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Mannitol; Polyethylenes; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Urea | 1968 |
Isosmotic absorption of fluid from rat jejunum in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypotonic Solutions; Intestinal Absorption; Isotonic Solutions; Jejunum; Mannitol; Osmotic Pressure; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Urea | 1968 |
Coupled solute fluxes in toad skin.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Biological Transport, Active; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Hypertonic Solutions; Mannitol; Mathematics; Ouabain; Skin; Sodium; Sodium Isotopes; Tritium; Urea | 1968 |
Effect of plasma osmolality on resistance to blood flow through skeletal muscle.
Topics: Animals; Dextrans; Dogs; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Muscles; Osmolar Concentration; Perfusion; Plasma; Regional Blood Flow; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Urea; Vascular Resistance | 1968 |
Permeability of the loop of Henle, vasa recta, and collecting duct to water, urea, and sodium.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Diffusion; Diuresis; Hypotonic Solutions; Inulin; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Vasopressins; Water | 1968 |
Renal lymph and osmotic diuresis.
Topics: Aminohippuric Acids; Animals; Blood Proteins; Diuresis; Dogs; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney; Lymph; Male; Mannitol; Osmosis; Proteins; Regional Blood Flow; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Urine | 1968 |
Bile formation in guinea pigs: analysis with inert solutes of graded molecular radius.
Topics: Animals; Bile; Bile Ducts; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chromatography, Paper; Dehydrocholic Acid; Diffusion; Erythritol; Guinea Pigs; Liver; Mannitol; Muscles; Polyethylenes; Secretin; Sucrose; Tritium; Urea | 1968 |
[Forced diuresis (osmotic diuresis) in acute poisoning].
Topics: Acids; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Alkalies; Barbiturates; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Mannitol; Meprobamate; Perfusion; Plants, Medicinal; Poisoning; Rauwolfia; Tromethamine; Urea | 1968 |
Mannitol-induced diuresis in hydropenic men.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autoanalysis; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Weight; Diuresis; Hematocrit; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Potassium; Sodium; Urea; Urine | 1968 |
Cerebral edema and brain swelling.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Edema; Dexamethasone; Dogs; Glycerol; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypothermia, Induced; Infusions, Parenteral; Mannitol; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Posture; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1968 |
In vitro permeability of medullary collecting ducts to water and urea.
Topics: Albumins; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; In Vitro Techniques; Inulin; Iodine Isotopes; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Osmosis; Perfusion; Permeability; Rats; Sodium; Urea; Vasopressins; Water | 1968 |
Peritoneal permeability--comparison of several substances.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carbon Isotopes; Female; Humans; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Permeability; Potassium; Sodium; Urea; Water | 1968 |
[Functional differences between the small intestine and the colon--the different reactions of the intestinal mucosa upon the supply of solutions of non-penetrating solutes and increasing osmolarity].
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Chlorides; Colon; Dehydration; Hypertonic Solutions; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Urea | 1968 |
[Antagonism and synergism between hypertonic solutions and insulin].
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Depression, Chemical; Drug Synergism; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin Antagonists; Isotonic Solutions; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Stimulation, Chemical; Urea | 1968 |
[The radical treatment of aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery without cerebral resection in the conscious patient. Postoperative clinical considerations].
Topics: Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Mannitol; Methods; Postoperative Complications; Urea | 1968 |
Effects of water diuresis and osmotic (mannitol) diuresis on urinary solute excretion by the conscious rat.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Body Fluids; Circadian Rhythm; Consciousness; Diuresis; Male; Mannitol; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Urea; Vasopressins; Water | 1968 |
The time course of changes in renal tissue composition during mannitol diuresis in the rat.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Diuresis; Infusions, Parenteral; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Time Factors; Urea; Water | 1968 |
[Errors and hazards in the management of renal insufficiency].
Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Acute Kidney Injury; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Digitalis Glycosides; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Mannitol; Potassium; Pyelonephritis; Renal Dialysis; Urea; Urinary Tract Infections; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1968 |
Acute renal failure and the anaesthetist.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Anesthesiology; Anuria; Humans; Mannitol; Radiography, Abdominal; Radioisotope Renography; Urea; Urinary Catheterization | 1968 |
[Changes in intracranial pressure, its pulse and respiratory waves after intravenous infusions of a hypertonic solution].
Topics: Animals; Cats; Hypertonic Solutions; Injections, Intravenous; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Pulse; Respiration; Urea | 1968 |
[Effects of various drugs on intracranial pressure determined by a long-retained extradural balloon].
Topics: Animals; Glucose; Glycerol; Intracranial Pressure; Male; Mannitol; Manometry; Methods; Oscillometry; Rabbits; Sorbitol; Time Factors; Transducers; Urea | 1968 |
[The ureic index: clinical guide to mannitol treatment in pediatric surgery].
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mannitol; Postoperative Complications; Sepsis; Urea | 1969 |
Permeability characteristics of the cholera-infected small intestine.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cholera; Erythritol; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Osmosis; Rabbits; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1969 |
Diffusion of radioactive nonelectrolytes in saline-agar gels.
Topics: Agar; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Carbon Isotopes; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Creatinine; Diffusion; Gels; Glucose; Inulin; Mannitol; Mathematics; Methods; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Urea | 1969 |
Estimation of the equivalent pore dimensions in the rabbit placenta.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Erythritol; Female; Inulin; Mannitol; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Membranes; Models, Biological; Molecular Weight; Perfusion; Permeability; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; Sucrose; Urea | 1969 |
[On the intoxication with metaqualone hydrochloride].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Antidotes; Barbiturates; Child; Child, Preschool; Diuretics; Electrolytes; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mannitol; Methaqualone; Middle Aged; Resuscitation; Sorbitol; Urea | 1969 |
Effects of sodium concentration and osmolality on water and electrolyte absorption form the intact human colon.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biological Transport; Colon; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Intestinal Absorption; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Osmosis; Perfusion; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1969 |
The determination of urinary hydroxyproline.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Glucose; Hydroxyproline; Mannitol; Methods; Urea | 1969 |
Further studies on the effectiveness of agents used to lower intracranial pressure.
Topics: Animals; Chlorothiazide; Dogs; Hypertonic Solutions; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Injections, Intravenous; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Sorbitol; Urea; Vertebral Artery | 1965 |
[On the problem of participation of non-electrolytes (urea, creatinine) in the process of urine concentration in man].
Topics: Animals; Anura; Anuria; Creatine; Dogs; Humans; Kidney; Mannitol; Rats; Urea; Urine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1965 |
Renal tubular microinjection studies in normal and potassium-depleted rats.
Topics: Animals; Diuresis; Hypertonic Solutions; Inulin; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Potassium Deficiency; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1965 |
[The influencing of kidney function with mannitol infusions in acute and chronic renal insufficiency].
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Creatine; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Natriuresis; Potassium; Urea; Urine | 1965 |
Lactate concentration in the medulla of rat kidney.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Blood; Diuresis; Glycolysis; Kidney; Lactates; Mannitol; Rats; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Urine | 1965 |
Effect of ureteral stop flow on renal tissue creatinine, PAH, K, and P in dogs.
Topics: Aminohippuric Acids; Animals; Anuria; Creatine; Diuresis; Dogs; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Phosphates; Potassium; Urea; Ureteral Obstruction | 1965 |
Permeability characteristics of the human small intestine.
Topics: Alcohols; Cell Membrane Permeability; Erythritol; Glycols; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Mannitol; Perfusion; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Water | 1965 |
Electrolyte, water, and urea content in dog kidneys in different states of diuresis.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Diuresis; Dogs; Kidney; Mannitol; Potassium; Sodium; Urea; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1964 |
Analysis of urea excretion with special reference to the influence of abrupt change in urine flow.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Chlorides; Chlorthalidone; Diabetes Insipidus; Diuresis; Female; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Rabbits; Sodium; Urea; Urine; Vasopressins | 1965 |
[Hypertonic solution therapy for postoperative cerebral edema].
Topics: Brain Edema; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Postoperative Complications; Urea | 1965 |
Control of infection after prostatectomy.
Topics: Bacteriuria; Cross Infection; Drainage; Humans; Male; Mannitol; Postoperative Care; Prostatectomy; Pseudomonas Infections; Surgical Wound Infection; Urea; Urinary Catheterization | 1966 |
Treatment of postoperative cataract complications by osmotic agents.
Topics: Aged; Cataract Extraction; Cornea; Edema; Eye Diseases; Female; Glycerol; Humans; Male; Mannitol; Osmosis; Pupil; Tissue Adhesions; Urea; Vitreous Body | 1966 |
[Conservative therapy of increased intracranial pressure].
Topics: Fructose; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Sorbitol; Urea | 1966 |
Fluid and solute shifts across the peritoneal membrane.
Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chlorides; Dogs; Glucose; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Mannitol; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneum; Potassium; Sodium; Solutions; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1966 |
Reduction of vitreous loss in cataract surgery.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Cataract Extraction; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Mannitol; Postoperative Complications; Urea; Vitreous Body | 1966 |
Studies in acute renal failure. Prevention by osmotic diuresis, and observations on the effect of plasma and extracellular volume expansion.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Blood Volume; Dextrans; Diuresis; Extracellular Space; Ferrocyanides; Glucose; Mannitol; Mannose; Methemoglobin; Models, Theoretical; Rats; Serum Albumin; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Sulfates; Tromethamine; Urea | 1966 |
Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on permeability and electrical properties of frog skin.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Chlorides; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Electrophysiology; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Permeability; Potassium; Skin Absorption; Sodium; Urea | 1966 |
Studies on the pathogenesis of acute inflammation. VII. The influence of osmolality upon the phagocytic and clumping activity by human leukocytes.
Topics: Glucose; Hemagglutination; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inflammation; Leukocytes; Mannitol; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1966 |
Ophthalmological use of osmotic therapy.
Topics: Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Glaucoma; Glycerol; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Mannitol; Osmosis; Rabbits; Urea | 1966 |
Permeability of the choroid plexus of the rabbit to several solutes.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Capillary Permeability; Choroid Plexus; Creatine; Inulin; Mannitol; Pinocytosis; Rabbits; Sucrose; Urea | 1966 |
[Use of a urea-mannitol solution in ophthalmologic practice].
Topics: Humans; Mannitol; Ophthalmic Solutions; Urea | 1966 |
The effect of osmotic agents employed before cataract extraction. On the position of the vitreous following removal of the lens.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Cataract Extraction; Chymotrypsin; Glycerides; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Urea; Vitreous Body | 1966 |
Effect of alterations in plasma osmolality on renal blood flow autoregulation.
Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure Determination; Chlorides; Dogs; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; Juxtaglomerular Apparatus; Kidney; Mannitol; Potassium; Renal Artery; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1966 |
[Osmotic diuretics].
Topics: Diuretics; Humans; Mannitol; Urea | 1966 |
Control of brain volume and intracranial pressure.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Diseases; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Diuretics; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypothermia, Induced; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Osmosis; Urea | 1966 |
[Lowering of the intraocular pressure by mannitol infusions].
Topics: Glaucoma; Glycerol; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Urea | 1966 |
[Ocular hypotonic substances with osmotic action].
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Cataract Extraction; Eye Diseases; Glaucoma; Glycerol; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Osmosis; Sodium; Urea | 1966 |
[Importance of anti-edema solutions in the resuscitation of patients with cervical spinal injuries].
Topics: Brain Edema; Cervical Vertebrae; Humans; Mannitol; Shock, Traumatic; Spinal Cord Injuries; Spinal Injuries; Urea | 1966 |
Osmotic dehydrating agents in the hypothermic state.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Dehydration; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypothermia, Induced; Infusions, Parenteral; Intracranial Aneurysm; Mannitol; Neurosurgery; Osmosis; Thrombophlebitis; Urea | 1966 |
[Electron microscopic studies on cerebral edema].
Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Cats; Mannitol; Microscopy, Electron; Prednisolone; Urea | 1966 |
[Studies on intrarenal distribution of urea in the rat kidney with special reference to renal concentrating mechanism].
Topics: Animals; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Rats; Urea | 1966 |
[Role of brain edema in acute encephalitis and its treatment].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Brain Edema; Child; Cytochromes; Encephalitis; Female; Humans; Male; Mannitol; Urea; Vitamin E | 1966 |
Effect of hyperthyroidism on the renal concentrating mechanism in humans.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Sodium; Triiodothyronine; Urea; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1967 |
Simplified bilateral differential function studies in hypertensive patients utilizing radioactive clearance techniques.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cobalt Isotopes; Diuresis; Diuretics; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Iodine Isotopes; Iodohippuric Acid; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Pyelonephritis; Renal Artery Obstruction; Urea; Vasopressins; Vitamin B 12 | 1967 |
Hyperosmolality with hyponatremia, caused by inappropriate administration of mannitol.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Weight; Humans; Hyponatremia; Iatrogenic Disease; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Dialysis; Urea | 1967 |
Uphill transport of urea in the dog kidney: effects of certain inhibitors.
Topics: Amides; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cyanides; Diuresis; Dogs; Ethacrynic Acid; Female; Iodoacetates; Kidney; Mannitol; Potassium; Sodium; Urea; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1967 |
Osmotic diuretics. The effect on renal histological changes in experimental burns.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Burns; Dogs; Glucose; Hemoglobins; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Mannitol; Proteins; Pulse; Urea | 1967 |
The influence of urea and mannitol on increased intraventricular pressure in cold-induced cerebral oedema.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain Edema; Cats; Cold Temperature; Electroencephalography; Hypertonic Solutions; Injections, Intravenous; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Respiration; Urea | 1967 |
Hyperosmolarity and the net transport of nonelectrolytes in frog skin.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Erythritol; Mannitol; Osmosis; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Sucrose; Thiourea; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1967 |
Solubilization of sugars in non-polar solent by intestinal lipids: possible relation to membrane transport.
Topics: Alkanes; Animals; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Galactose; Glucose; Intestine, Small; Lipids; Male; Mannitol; Mannose; Mice; Models, Theoretical; Phlorhizin; Phosphates; Phospholipids; Solubility; Urea | 1967 |
Use of osmotic agents in ocular lacerations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Eye Injuries; Female; Glycerol; Humans; Infant; Male; Mannitol; Urea | 1967 |
Accumulation of lipid-insoluble compounds by the human platelet.
Topics: Biological Transport; Blood Platelets; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Dextrans; Glycerol; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inulin; Mannitol; Propylene Glycols; Sucrose; Urea | 1967 |
[On the influence of urea and mannitol on the raised intraventricular pressure in cold generated brain edema].
Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Cats; Cold Temperature; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Urea | 1967 |
Control of the salt-secreting gland of the duck. I. Osmotic regulation.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Bicarbonates; Chlorides; Dextrans; Diuresis; Ducks; Mannitol; Organomercury Compounds; Osmosis; Potassium; Salt Gland; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Urea; Vasopressins | 1967 |
[Effects of urea, mannitol and low-molecular dextran on cerebral edema-experimental observations using a polygraph].
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain Edema; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dextrans; Dogs; Dry Ice; Electroencephalography; Injections, Intravenous; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Respiration; Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; Urea | 1967 |
Isosorbide: effects on renal function, renal clearance and tubular handling and volume of distribution in dogs.
Topics: Aminohippuric Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Chlorides; Creatinine; Dehydration; Diuresis; Diuretics; Dogs; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucose; Hemodynamics; Inulin; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Nephrectomy; Osmosis; Sodium; Urea; Urination; Vasopressins; Water | 1967 |
The effects of furosemide on the osmolality of the urine and the composition of renal tissue.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane Permeability; Creatinine; Dehydration; Diabetes Insipidus; Diuresis; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Urea; Urination; Urine; Water | 1967 |
Long-term survival of patients with Burkitt's lymphoma: an assessment of treatment and other factors which may relate to survival.
Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents; Burkitt Lymphoma; Busulfan; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Cytarabine; Female; Humans; Immunotherapy; Infant; Kenya; Male; Mannitol; Melphalan; Methotrexate; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Nitroso Compounds; Urea | 1967 |
Abnormal transtubular permeability to raffinose during intravenous infusion of urea and of mannitol in the intact dog kidney.
Topics: Animals; Dextrans; Dogs; Extracellular Space; Infusions, Parenteral; Insulin; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Oligosaccharides; Permeability; Raffinose; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1980 |
Rat brain interstitial fluid pressure measured with micropipettes.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Extracellular Space; Female; Mannitol; Organ Specificity; Osmolar Concentration; Pressure; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Urea | 1983 |
Osmoregulation of thirst and vasopressin secretion in human subjects: effect of various solutes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Female; Hematocrit; Heparin; Humans; Male; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Thirst; Urea; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1983 |
Acclimation of the euryhaline toad Bufo viridis to hyperosmotic solution (NaCl, urea and mannitol).
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Bufonidae; Female; Male; Mannitol; Osmotic Pressure; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1984 |
Drinking and renal responses to peripherally administered osmotic stimuli in the pigeon (Columbia livia).
Topics: Animals; Columbidae; Drinking; Female; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic; Hypertonic Solutions; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Sucrose; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1984 |
Permeation patterns of polar nonelectrolytes across the guinea pig biliary tree.
Topics: Animals; Bile; Bile Acids and Salts; Bile Canaliculi; Biliary Tract; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Erythritol; Guinea Pigs; Inulin; Male; Mannitol; Sucrose; Tritium; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1984 |
A central Na+ receptor and its influence on osmotic and angiotensin II induced drinking in the pigeon Columbia livia.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood; Columbidae; Diuresis; Drinking; Glucose; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Solutions; Sucrose; Urea; Urine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1984 |
Neonatal renal failure: usefulness of diagnostic indices.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Anuria; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Mannitol; Natriuresis; Oliguria; Sodium; Urea | 1980 |
Renal receptors in the rat sensitive to chemical alterations of their environment.
Topics: Animals; Chemoreceptor Cells; Diuresis; Ischemia; Kidney; Kidney Pelvis; Male; Mannitol; Potassium Chloride; Pressure; Rats; Renal Artery Obstruction; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Urinary Catheterization; Urine | 1980 |
Changes in flow resistance in kidney vessels of dogs by hypothermic hyperosmotic perfusion.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Cold Temperature; Dogs; Dopamine; Female; Furosemide; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Organ Preservation; Osmolar Concentration; Perfusion; Phentolamine; Tissue Preservation; Urea; Vascular Resistance | 1980 |
Urea and renal concentrating ability in the rabbit.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Female; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Cortex; Kidney Medulla; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Loop of Henle; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Rabbits; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1980 |
[Changes in intracranial impedance during cerebral dehydration].
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cats; Central Venous Pressure; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dehydration; Electric Conductivity; Female; Glucose; Intracranial Pressure; Male; Mannitol; Plethysmography, Impedance; Urea | 1980 |
The red cell osmometer. A useful inaccuracy in measurement of mean corpuscular volume in hyperosmolar states.
Topics: Erythrocyte Indices; Erythrocytes; Glucose; Humans; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium; Urea | 1980 |
[Modified variant of simultaneous discontinuation of psychotropic drugs (given in combination with diuretics) as a method of abrupt termination therapy for protracted episodes of schizophrenia].
Topics: Acute Disease; Diuretics; Furosemide; Humans; Mannitol; Periodicity; Psychotropic Drugs; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Syndrome; Urea | 1980 |
Failure of tubule fluid osmolarity to affect feedback regulation of glomerular filtration.
Topics: Animals; Extracellular Space; Feedback; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Male; Mannitol; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1980 |
[Cerebral edema].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Brain Edema; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Diuretics; Glycerol; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypoxia; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Metabolic Diseases; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance | 1980 |
Osmolar changes during dialysis.
Topics: Body Water; Humans; Hypotension; Iatrogenic Disease; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Renal Dialysis; Sodium; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance | 1980 |
Urea secretion in medullary collecting duct of the rat kidney during water and mannitol diuresis.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Body Water; Diuretics; Kidney Tubules; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Male; Mannitol; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Urea; Water | 1981 |
Tubuloglomerular feedback responses during perfusion with nonelectrolyte solutions in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Electrolytes; Feedback; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hydrostatic Pressure; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Perfusion; Rats; Urea; Urodynamics | 1980 |
The reflexion coefficient as a measure of transepithelial permeability in the isolated rabbit pancreas.
Topics: Animals; Arabinose; Carbachol; Cell Membrane Permeability; Electrolytes; Epithelium; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mannitol; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Rabbits; Secretory Rate; Sucrose; Urea | 1980 |
Renal inner medullary prostaglandin synthesis. A calcium-calmodulin-dependent process suppressed by urea.
Topics: Amidohydrolases; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Calmodulin; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Medulla; Magnesium; Mannitol; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1981 |
NaCl transport in mouse medullary thick ascending limbs. III. Modulation of the ADH effect by peritubular osmolality.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Feedback; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Tubules; Loop of Henle; Male; Mannitol; Mice; Osmolar Concentration; Permeability; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1981 |
[Mechanisms of the change in blood electrical conductivity on the administration of dehydrating substances].
Topics: Animals; Blood; Blood Physiological Phenomena; Cats; Dehydration; Electric Conductivity; Female; Hematocrit; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mannitol; Urea | 1982 |
Alveolar epithelium permeability to small solutes: developmental changes.
Topics: Animals; Capillary Permeability; Epithelium; Erythritol; Glucose; Mannitol; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rabbits; Sucrose; Urea | 1982 |
Effects of hyperosmolality on calcium mobilization in renal inner medulla: relationship to alterations in prostaglandin E synthesis.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acids; Calcium; Hydrolases; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Medulla; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Perfusion; Prostaglandins E; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Chloride; Time Factors; Urea | 1982 |
Effects of solvent and solute drag on transmembrane diffusion.
Topics: Carbonates; Cellulose; Diffusion; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Membranes, Artificial; Polyethylene Glycols; Raffinose; Urea | 1982 |
Cochlear blood flow related to hyperosmotic solution.
Topics: Animals; Cochlea; Female; Glycerol; Male; Mannitol; Meniere Disease; Microspheres; Rabbits; Regional Blood Flow; Urea | 1982 |
[Modification of osmolality with I.V. mannitol and/or high glucose concentration in the bath during hemodialysis (author's transl)].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Female; Glucose; Humans; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Renal Dialysis; Sodium; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance | 1981 |
Cell volume regulation in the proximal convoluted tubule.
Topics: Animals; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Ouabain; Rabbits; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1982 |
Hemodynamic changes in brain caused by local infusion of hyperosomolar solutions, in particular relation to blood-brain barrier opening.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Capillary Permeability; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Hemodynamics; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracranial Pressure; Male; Mannitol; Rats; Urea | 1980 |
Hyperosmolality rapidly reduces atrial-natriuretic-peptide-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate production in cultured rat inner medullary collecting duct cells.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Cells, Cultured; Colchicine; Cyclic GMP; Cytochalasin B; Enzyme Inhibitors; Kidney Medulla; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Male; Mannitol; Naphthalenes; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Kinase C; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Sodium Chloride; Staurosporine; Urea | 1995 |
Effect of changing intestinal flow rate on a measurement of intestinal permeability.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Diffusion; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Permeability; Urea; Xylose | 1995 |
Permeability of cat skeletal muscle capillaries to small solutes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Flow Velocity; Capillary Permeability; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cats; Chromium Radioisotopes; Hindlimb; Kinetics; Mannitol; Models, Cardiovascular; Models, Theoretical; Muscle, Skeletal; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Sodium; Sodium Radioisotopes; Time Factors; Tritium; Urea | 1995 |
Osmolality-induced changes in aldosterone secretion involve a chloride-dependent process.
Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Animals; Calcium; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Kinetics; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Sulfuric Acid Esters; Tritium; Urea; Zona Glomerulosa | 1995 |
Comparison of the effects of glycerol, mannitol, and urea on ischemic hippocampal damage in gerbils.
Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cell Survival; Gerbillinae; Glycerol; Hippocampus; Hypertonic Solutions; Male; Mannitol; Neurons; Urea | 1994 |
Osmotic stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus: central and peripheral vasopressin release and blood pressure.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Blood Pressure; Brain; Male; Mannitol; Microdialysis; Osmosis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Solutions; Supraoptic Nucleus; Urea | 1994 |
Mechanisms of hyperosmotic acclimation in Xenopus laevis (salt, urea or mannitol).
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Biological Transport; Electric Conductivity; Electrolytes; Female; Hormones; Male; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Osmosis; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Water; Xenopus laevis | 1993 |
Effect of D-glucose on intestinal permeability and its passive absorption in human small intestine in vivo.
Topics: Glucose; Humans; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Isomerism; Jejunum; Mannitol; Urea; Xylose | 1993 |
Mannitol: potential for rebound intracranial hypertension?
Topics: Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Pseudotumor Cerebri; Urea | 1993 |
Oxidant injury alters barrier function of ferret tracheal epithelium.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Ferrets; Hypertonic Solutions; Male; Mannitol; Permeability; Reactive Oxygen Species; Regression Analysis; Sodium; Trachea; Urea; Xanthine; Xanthine Oxidase; Xanthines | 1993 |
Osmolar regulation of endothelin-1 production by rat inner medullary collecting duct.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Base Sequence; Cells, Cultured; Dehydration; Endothelins; Kidney Medulla; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Male; Mannitol; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Osmolar Concentration; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1993 |
Effect of hyperosmolality on production and mRNA expression of ET-1 in inner medullary collecting duct.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Base Sequence; Culture Media; DNA; Endothelins; Gene Expression; Hypertonic Solutions; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Male; Mannitol; Molecular Sequence Data; Osmolar Concentration; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Chloride; Transcription, Genetic; Urea | 1993 |
Reversible inhibition of urea exchange in rat hepatocytes.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cell Separation; Hepatic Veins; In Vitro Techniques; Indicators and Reagents; Liver; Mannitol; Perfusion; Phloretin; Portal Vein; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thiourea; Urea; Water | 1993 |
[The dynamic activity of the posterior roots of the thoracic spinal cord during ionic-osmotic stimulation of the liver].
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cats; Female; Glucose; Liver; Male; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Portal System; Sensory Receptor Cells; Sodium Chloride; Spinal Nerve Roots; Stimulation, Chemical; Urea | 1993 |
Water and solute dynamics after intravenous infusion of new irrigating fluids in the rabbit.
Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Creatinine; Diuretics, Osmotic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrolytes; Ethanol; Glycine; Infusions, Intravenous; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Mannitol; Models, Theoretical; Osmolar Concentration; Rabbits; Sorbitol; Therapeutic Irrigation; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1995 |
[Ferritin--a biocatalyst of aromatic amine oxidation].
Topics: Animals; Benzidines; Catalysis; Ethanol; Ferritins; Horses; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mannitol; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Sodium Fluoride; Urea | 1996 |
Urea induces the heat shock response in human neuroblastoma cells.
Topics: Blotting, Western; Creatinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycerol; Heat-Shock Proteins; Heat-Shock Response; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Mannitol; Neoplasm Proteins; Neuroblastoma; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium Chloride; Time Factors; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Urea | 1996 |
Effect of mannitol on the permeability of cultured endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium, Vascular; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Urea | 1996 |
Renal function during intravenous infusion of urological irrigating fluids in the sheep.
Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Body Fluid Compartments; Creatinine; Female; Glycine; Infusions, Intravenous; Inulin; Isotonic Solutions; Kidney; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; p-Aminohippuric Acid; Potassium; Renal Circulation; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Sheep; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sorbitol; Therapeutic Irrigation; Urea; Urinary Tract | 1996 |
The electrical responses of osphradial nerve and central neurons to chemicals stimulation of Lymnaea osphradium.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Efferent Pathways; Electrophysiology; Lymnaea; Mannitol; Neurons, Afferent; Osmotic Pressure; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1995 |
QSAR analysis of membrane permeability to organic compounds.
Topics: Alcohols; Animals; Bufonidae; Cell Membrane Permeability; Erythrocyte Membrane; Hydrogen Bonding; Mannitol; Models, Theoretical; Molecular Weight; Permeability; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship; Urea; Urinary Bladder | 1996 |
Cyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors derived from mannitol: synthesis, inhibitory potencies, and computational predictions of binding affinities.
Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Azepines; Computer Simulation; HIV Protease; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Hydrogen Bonding; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mannitol; Molecular Structure; Protein Binding; Sulfonamides; Urea | 1997 |
Effects of hyperosmolar mannitol on regional oxygen supply and consumption in the newborn pig.
Topics: Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antipyrine; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Hypertonic Solutions; Male; Mannitol; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Osmolar Concentration; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Spectrophotometry; Swine; Tissue Distribution; Urea | 1997 |
[The effect of glucose and mannitol on transperitoneal transport; in vitro studies].
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Biological Transport; Gentamicins; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Peritoneum; Rabbits; Urea; Uric Acid | 1997 |
Permeability and metabolic properties of a trophoblast cell line (HRP-1) derived from normal rat placenta.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Biomarkers; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Dermatologic Agents; Dextrans; Female; Fluorescein; Fluoresceins; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Linoleic Acids; Mannitol; Methotrexate; Microsomes; Oxazines; Rats; Sucrose; Transferrin; Trophoblasts; Urea | 1997 |
Effects of luminal hypertonicity on rabbit esophageal epithelium.
Topics: Animals; Esophagus; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Kinetics; Mannitol; Membrane Potentials; Mucous Membrane; Ouabain; Potentiometry; Rabbits; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Urea | 1997 |
Paracellular diffusion in Caco-2 cell monolayers: effect of perturbation on the transport of hydrophilic compounds that vary in charge and size.
Topics: Atenolol; Biological Transport; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chelating Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Diffusion; Drug Interactions; Egtazic Acid; Formates; Humans; Lactic Acid; Mannitol; Methylamines; Palmitoylcarnitine; Solutions; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tight Junctions; Urea | 1997 |
Fluid and ion transport in corneal endothelium: insensitivity to modulators of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Bumetanide; Carrier Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Colforsin; Cornea; Endothelium, Corneal; Furosemide; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Mannitol; Perfusion; Rabbits; Rubidium; Rubidium Radioisotopes; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; Stromal Cells; Urea | 1997 |
Chronic hyperosmolality increases NHE3 activity in OKP cells.
Topics: Amiloride; Animals; Cell Line; Culture Media; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; Kidney; Mannitol; Opossums; Osmolar Concentration; Raffinose; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; Urea | 1998 |
Characterization of the transport pathways induced during low to moderate voltage iontophoresis in human epidermal membrane.
Topics: Biological Transport; Electric Impedance; Epidermis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iontophoresis; Mannitol; Membranes; Membranes, Artificial; Permeability; Skin Absorption; Sucrose; Urea | 1998 |
Molecular factors influencing drug transfer across the blood-brain barrier.
Topics: 2-Propanol; Animals; Antipyrine; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Capillary Permeability; Erythritol; Estradiol; Ethanol; Ethylene Glycol; Female; Kinetics; Linear Models; Mannitol; Models, Biological; Organic Chemicals; Propranolol; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solubility; Sucrose; Thiourea; Thymine; Urea | 1997 |
Flux enhancement effects of ionic surfactants upon passive and electroosmotic transdermal transport.
Topics: Humans; Mannitol; Models, Chemical; Skin; Skin Absorption; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Sucrose; Surface-Active Agents; Urea | 1998 |
Stop-flow studies of solute uptake in rat lungs.
Topics: Animals; Deuterium Oxide; Extravascular Lung Water; Lung; Mannitol; Models, Biological; Organ Size; Pulmonary Circulation; Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats; Rubidium Radioisotopes; Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; Solutions; Thallium Radioisotopes; Urea | 1998 |
Effect of sodium ion coupled nutrient transport on intestinal permeability in chronically catheterised rats.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Dietary Sucrose; Diffusion; Glucose; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Mannitol; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium; Urea | 1998 |
Luminal hypertonicity and the susceptibility of rabbit esophagus to acid injury.
Topics: Acid-Base Imbalance; Acids; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Epithelium; Esophagus; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Rabbits; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity; Statistics, Nonparametric; Urea | 1998 |
Taurine entry into perilymph of the guinea pig.
Topics: Animals; Bile; Blood Proteins; Chlorides; Disease Models, Animal; Diuretics, Osmotic; Follow-Up Studies; Guinea Pigs; Infusions, Intravenous; Mannitol; Nephrectomy; Osmolar Concentration; Perilymph; Potassium; Proteins; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats; Scala Tympani; Sodium; Taurine; Tritium; Urea | 1998 |
Removal of hydroxyl radical facilitates Ca2+-dependent [3H]GABA release by peroxynitrite.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fetus; Free Radical Scavengers; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hydroxyl Radical; Mannitol; Mice; Neurons; Nitrates; Thiourea; Tritium; Urea; Uric Acid | 1998 |
Mannitol at clinical concentrations activates multiple signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Calcium; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Diuretics, Osmotic; Endothelium, Vascular; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypotonic Solutions; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Mannitol; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphoproteins; Signal Transduction; Sodium Chloride; Tyrosine; Urea | 1998 |
In vitro models of the blood-brain barrier to polar permeants: comparison of transmonolayer flux measurements and cell uptake kinetics using cultured cerebral capillary endothelial cells.
Topics: Acetamides; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cattle; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium, Vascular; Glycerol; Mannitol; Models, Biological; Rats; Sucrose; Urea; Zidovudine | 1999 |
Hypertonicity stimulates taurine uptake and transporter gene expression in Caco-2 cells.
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Carrier Proteins; Gene Expression; Humans; Kinetics; Mannitol; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Raffinose; RNA, Messenger; Sorbitol; Sucrose; Taurine; Time Factors; Up-Regulation; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1999 |
Composition and permeability of syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cell Membrane; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cholesterol; Fatty Acids; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Membrane Fluidity; Membrane Lipids; Phospholipids; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Trophoblasts; Urea; Water | 1999 |
Pore charge distribution considerations in human epidermal membrane electroosmosis.
Topics: Algorithms; Buffers; Cell Membrane Permeability; Epidermis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Iontophoresis; Mannitol; Osmosis; Phosphates; Solvents; Urea; Water | 1999 |
Mitogen-activated protein phosphorylation in endothelial cells exposed to hyperosmolar conditions.
Topics: Animals; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cattle; Cell Size; Endothelium, Vascular; Glucose; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Mannitol; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Signal Transduction; Sodium Chloride; Time Factors; Urea | 2000 |
Effect of hyperosmotic solutions on salt excretion and thirst in rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Carotid Arteries; Diuretics, Osmotic; Drinking; Glycerol; Hypertonic Solutions; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mannitol; Natriuresis; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Chloride; Thirst; Urea; Urine | 2000 |
Effects of acute and chronic hypertension on the labyrinthine barriers in rat.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Cochlea; Ear, Inner; Endolymph; Hypertension; Male; Mannitol; Membrane Potentials; Perilymph; Permeability; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Urea | 2001 |
Permeability of the proximal and distal rat colon crypt and surface epithelium to hydrophilic molecules.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chelating Agents; Chromium Radioisotopes; Colon; Diuretics, Osmotic; Edetic Acid; Evans Blue; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Mannitol; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tritium; Urea; Water | 2001 |
Mapping the urea channel through the rabbit Na(+)-glucose cotransporter SGLT1.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Diuretics, Osmotic; Ethylene Glycol; Female; Glucose; Mannitol; Membrane Glycoproteins; Methylglucosides; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Oocytes; Rabbits; Sodium; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; Urea; Xenopus laevis | 2001 |
Hypertonic preconditioning inhibits macrophage responsiveness to endotoxin.
Topics: Animals; Diuretics, Osmotic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Enzyme Activation; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages, Alveolar; Male; Mannitol; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Polymers; Rabbits; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Stress Fibers; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Urea | 2002 |
Effects of hypertonic saline, mannitol, and urea with regard to absorption and rebound filtration in cat skeletal muscle.
Topics: Animals; Capillary Permeability; Cats; Filtration; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Mannitol; Muscle, Skeletal; Urea | 2002 |
[Influence factors in the clearance of urea and creatinine through gastrointestinal tract].
Topics: Animals; Creatinine; Dialysis; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestine, Small; Male; Mannitol; Phentolamine; Rabbits; Starch; Urea | 1999 |
Protoplasmic pH modifies water and solute transfer in beta vulgaris root vacuoles.
Topics: Beta vulgaris; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Size; Cytoplasm; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mannitol; Mercuric Chloride; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Plant Roots; Urea; Vacuoles; Water | 2002 |
Urea stress is more akin to EGF exposure than to hypertonic stress in renal medullary cells.
Topics: Activating Transcription Factor 3; Animals; Aquaporins; Cell Line; Cyclooxygenase 2; Epidermal Growth Factor; Gene Expression Regulation; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Hypertonic Solutions; Immunoblotting; Isoenzymes; Kidney Medulla; Mannitol; Mice; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Stress, Physiological; Transcription Factors; Transfection; Urea | 2002 |
Hyperosmotic urea activates basolateral NHE in proximal tubule from P-gp null and wild-type mice.
Topics: Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Diuretics, Osmotic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Glycerol; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Kinetics; Male; Mannitol; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Perfusion; Protein Kinase C; Sodium; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; Urea | 2002 |
A systematic examination of the in vitro Ussing chamber and the in situ single-pass perfusion model systems in rat ileum permeation of model solutes.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Epithelium; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Indicators and Reagents; Intestinal Absorption; Kinetics; Male; Mannitol; Mesenteric Veins; Models, Biological; Perfusion; Permeability; Porosity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Steroids; Taurocholic Acid; Urea | 2003 |
Investigation of properties of human epidermal membrane under constant conductance alternating current iontophoresis.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Electric Impedance; Epidermis; Humans; Iontophoresis; Mannitol; Permeability; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Time Factors; Urea | 2003 |
Relation of the saluresis of urea and mannitol loading to the normal excretion of electrolyte.
Topics: Diuresis; Electrolytes; Humans; Mannitol; Urea; Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena | 1957 |
Effect of mannitol on cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The actions of hypertonic mannitol solutions and of urea compared.
Topics: Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Mannitol; Urea | 1961 |
Effects of mannitol and urea on experimental cerebral anoxia.
Topics: Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Mannitol; Urea | 1962 |
An osmotic comparison of urea and mannitol.
Topics: Eye Diseases; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Tonometry, Ocular; Urea | 1963 |
A comparison of the effects of several osmotic diuretic agents after acute hemorrhage in the dog.
Topics: Animals; Blood; Dextrans; Diuretics, Osmotic; Dogs; Hemorrhage; Kidney Diseases; Mannitol; Plasma; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Urea | 1962 |
Enhancement of renal concentrating ability in the dog by urea and related compounds.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Dogs; Glycerol; Humans; Kidney; Mannitol; Propylene Glycols; Thiourea; Urea; Vasopressins | 1963 |
Effects of acute increases in the excretion of solute and water on renal acid excretion in man.
Topics: Acids; Diuresis; Mannitol; Renal Elimination; Urea; Water | 1963 |
A comparison of the prophylactic value of 20 per cent dextrose on the effects of renal ischemia.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Glucose; Ischemia; Kidney Diseases; Mannitol; Renal Artery Obstruction; Urea | 1963 |
A COMPARISON OF SEVERAL OSMOTIC DIURETICS IN HYDROPENIC AND HYDROPENIC-DOCA-PITRESSIN TREATED DOGS.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Dehydration; Desoxycorticosterone; Desoxycorticosterone Acetate; Dextrans; Diuretics; Diuretics, Osmotic; Dogs; Mannitol; Research; Sodium Chloride; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Urea; Vasopressins | 1963 |
EFFECTS OF INCREASED OSMOLALITY ON HEMOLYSIS IN EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCUITS.
Topics: Heart; Heart, Artificial; Hemolysis; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Pharmacology; Urea | 1963 |
EFFICACY OF AGENTS CURRENTLY USED TO REDUCE INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE WHEN ADMINISTERED BY A NEW TECHNIQUE.
Topics: Animals; Chlorothiazide; Dogs; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Pharmacology; Research; Sorbitol; Urea | 1963 |
[A NEW OSMOTIC DRUG: HYPERTONIC SOLUTION OF MANNITOL. ADVANTAGES AS COMPARED WITH UREA. USE IN THE TREATMENT OF ASEPTIC SEROUS MENINGITIS AND POSTOPERATIVE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FISTULAS].
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Cochlear Nerve; Ependymoma; Fistula; Glioma; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Medulloblastoma; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Meningitis; Neurilemmoma; Neurosurgery; Postoperative Complications; Urea | 1963 |
EFFECT OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE ON PERMEABILITY OF SINGLE MUSCLE FIBRES.
Topics: Amides; Animals; Anura; Glycerol; Mannitol; Metabolism; Muscles; Permeability; Research; Sucrose; Urea; Vasopressins; Water | 1963 |
UREA AND THE RENAL CONCENTRATING OPERATION IN MAN.
Topics: Diuresis; Kidney; Mannitol; Osmosis; Physiology; Protein Deficiency; Urea | 1963 |
[OSMOTIC TREATMENT OF CEREBRAL EDEMA WITH AN INJECTABLE HYPERTONIC UREA-MANNITOL SOLUTION].
Topics: Brain Diseases; Brain Edema; Edema; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Neurosurgery; Neurosurgical Procedures; Urea | 1963 |
MANNITOL THERAPY IN OLIGURIA OF ACUTE ONSET.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Anuria; Child; Diuretics; Geriatrics; Humans; Intestinal Perforation; Liver Diseases; Mannitol; Oliguria; Peritonitis; Postoperative Complications; Renal Insufficiency; Sunstroke; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Urea; Urine; Wounds, Gunshot | 1964 |
THE RELATIVE RATES OF UREA AND WATER PERMEATION IN THE DISTAL NEPHRON OF THE INTACT KIDNEY.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Inulin; Kidney; Lysine; Mannitol; Nephrons; Research; Urea; Urine; Vasopressins; Water | 1964 |
STUDIES IN ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PYELONEPHRITIS.
Topics: Animals; Diuresis; Dogs; Escherichia coli Infections; Kidney Tubules; Leukocytes; Mannitol; Osmosis; Pathology; Photomicrography; Pyelonephritis; Research; Urea; Urine | 1964 |
DEHYDRATION AND REHYDRATION OF THE BRAIN WITH HYPERTONIC UREA AND MANNITOL.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Dehydration; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Fluid Therapy; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Manometry; Research; Urea | 1964 |
[FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL BURNS. STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF UREA, MANNITOL AND LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT DEXTRAN ON WATER AND SODIUM BALANCE].
Topics: Animals; Burns; Dextrans; Dogs; Electrolytes; Mannitol; Molecular Weight; Pharmacology; Research; Sodium; Sodium, Dietary; Urea; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1963 |
OCULAR TRAUMA.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Child; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); Eye Injuries; Humans; Mannitol; Povidone; Pyridines; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Urea | 1963 |
THE KIDNEY IN CIRRHOSIS. II. DISORDERS OF RENAL FUNCTION.
Topics: Aminophylline; Ascites; Blood Chemical Analysis; Creatine; Creatinine; Diuretics; Humans; Inulin; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Mannitol; Metaraminol; p-Aminohippuric Acid; Urea; Uremia; Urine | 1964 |
DURATION OF ANAESTHESIA WITH THIOPENTAL WHEN COMBINED WITH EACH OF MANNITOL, UREA, SODIUM BICARBONATE, OR TROMETHAMINE ("THAM," "TRIS").
Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesiology; Bicarbonates; Dogs; Mannitol; Pharmacology; Propylene Glycols; Research; Sodium Bicarbonate; Thiopental; Toxicology; Tromethamine; Urea | 1964 |
[USE OF MANNITOL IN OPHTHALMOLOGY. PERSONAL STUDY. COMPARISON WITH THE EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS UREA].
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Glaucoma; Humans; Mannitol; Ophthalmology; Urea | 1964 |
GLAUCOMA DUE TO CLOSURE OF THE ANGLE OF THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Anterior Chamber; Aqueous Humor; Blindness; Diagnosis; Glaucoma; Gonioscopy; Humans; Iris; Mannitol; Nitrates; Pilocarpine; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Urea | 1964 |
TREATMENT OF SEVERE ASPIRIN POISONING WITHOUT DIALYSIS.
Topics: Acidosis; Alkalosis; Aspirin; Bicarbonates; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diuretics; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kidney Function Tests; Kidneys, Artificial; Mannitol; Poisoning; Potassium; Renal Dialysis; Salicylates; Sodium; Stomach; Toxicology; Urea; Urinary Catheterization; Urine | 1964 |
ON THE CONCENTRATING DEFECT IN CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER.
Topics: Alcoholism; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Coronary Disease; Dehydration; Dermatitis; Diabetes Mellitus; Diuresis; Humans; Inulin; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Cirrhosis; Lung Diseases; Mannitol; Neoplasms; Obesity; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Photometry; Potassium; Sodium; Urea; Urine | 1964 |
DIURETIC THERAPY. I.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Aminophylline; Ammonium Chloride; Dichlorphenamide; Diuretics; Heart Failure; Humans; Imidazoles; Lysine; Mannitol; Methazolamide; Pharmacology; Theobromine; Toxicology; Urea | 1964 |
[THE EFFECT OF VASOPRESSIN ON THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT OF SODIUM AND UREA IN KIDNEY TISSUE DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF DIURESIS].
Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Diuresis; Kidney; Mannitol; Rats; Research; Sodium; Thirst; Urea; Vasopressins | 1964 |
[TREATMENT OF ACUTE GLAUCOMA WITH ORAL GLYCERIN].
Topics: Drug Therapy; Glaucoma; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Glycerol; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Tonometry, Ocular; Toxicology; Urea | 1964 |
MEASUREMENT OF MAXIMAL PERMISSIBLE CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA AND A STUDY OF ITS PHARMACOLOGIC PROLONGATION.
Topics: Blood Gas Analysis; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Dioxide; Cats; Cerebral Angiography; Cerebral Infarction; Ethanol; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Mannitol; Oxygen; Pentobarbital; Pharmacology; Research; Thiopental; Trypan Blue; Urea | 1964 |
DIRECT AND INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF RENAL BLOOD FLOW IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Blood Flow Velocity; Dogs; Kidney Function Tests; Mannitol; Pharmacology; Renal Circulation; Renal Insufficiency; Research; Urea | 1964 |
EFFECTS OF UREA AND OTHER DEHYDRATING AGENTS UPON DOG BRAIN.
Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Brain; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Diuretics; Dogs; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; Infusions, Parenteral; Mannitol; Pharmacology; Research; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1964 |
REDUCTION OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE BY MEANS OF OSMOTIC AGENTS.
Topics: Child; Eye Diseases; Geriatrics; Glycerol; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Therapeutics; Tonometry, Ocular; Toxicology; Urea | 1964 |
ALLOXAN DISTRIBUTION (IN VITRO) BETWEEN CELLS AND EXTRACELLULAR FLUID.
Topics: Alloxan; Animals; Body Fluids; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Erythrocytes; Extracellular Fluid; Extracellular Space; Fishes; In Vitro Techniques; Islands; Islets of Langerhans; Mannitol; Metabolism; Pharmacology; Physiology; Research; Tritium; Urea | 1964 |
EFFECTS OF ELEVATED URETERAL PRESSURE ON RENAL BLOOD FLOW.
Topics: Blood Circulation; Blood Pressure; Diuresis; Dogs; Homeostasis; Kidney; Mannitol; Muscles; Perfusion; Pharmacology; Physiology; Pressure; Renal Artery; Renal Circulation; Research; Urea; Ureter; Ureteral Obstruction | 1964 |
THEORY FOR RENAL AUTOREGULATION BY FEEDBACK AT THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS.
Topics: Animals; Blood Circulation; Blood Pressure; Computers; Diuresis; Dogs; Feedback; Homeostasis; Juxtaglomerular Apparatus; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Mathematics; Osmosis; Pharmacology; Physiology; Research; Sodium; Urea; Uric Acid | 1964 |
[COMPARATIVE CLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE OCULAR HYPOTONIC ACTION OF UREA, MANNITOL AND GLYCEROL].
Topics: Eye; Eye Diseases; Eye Injuries; Glaucoma; Glycerol; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Pharmacology; Retinal Detachment; Tonometry, Ocular; Urea; Uveitis | 1964 |
THE EFFECT OF UREA AND MANNITOL INFUSIONS ON CIRCULATORY VOLUME.
Topics: Blood Volume; Brain Neoplasms; Hemoglobins; Humans; Injections; Injections, Intravenous; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Pharmacology; Urea | 1964 |
POST-OPERATIVE RENAL FUNCTION IN OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE: EFFECT OF A MANNITOL DIURESIS.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Creatine; Creatinine; Diuresis; Diuretics; Humans; Jaundice, Obstructive; Kidney Function Tests; Mannitol; Natriuresis; Postoperative Care; Preoperative Care; Renal Insufficiency; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Urea | 1965 |
THE EFFECTS OF MANNITOL AND UREA ON CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PRESSURE.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Hemodynamics; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Mannitol; Pressure; Urea | 1964 |
CONTROL OF RENIN SECRETION IN THE ANESTHETIZED DOG.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Angiotensins; Biological Assay; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Chlorothiazide; Diuresis; Dogs; Femoral Artery; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Natriuresis; Pharmacology; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Renal Artery; Renal Veins; Renin; Research; Urea; Ureteral Obstruction; Urine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1964 |
BLOOD CHANGES ON INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF MANNITOL OR UREA FOR REDUCTION OF INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE IN NEUROSURGICAL PATIENTS.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Biomedical Research; Blood Chemical Analysis; Brain Neoplasms; Drug Therapy; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Urea | 1964 |
HEMODILUTION, TONICITY, AND BLOOD VISCOSITY.
Topics: Blood Viscosity; Dextrans; Erythrocytes; Glucose; Hematocrit; Hemodilution; Hypertonic Solutions; Isotonic Solutions; Mannitol; Molecular Weight; Osmosis; Pharmacology; Physiology; Research; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1964 |
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN BURNS.
Topics: Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bandages; Blood Transfusion; Burns; Diet; Diet Therapy; Ergot Alkaloids; gamma-Globulins; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Mannitol; Occlusive Dressings; Skin Transplantation; Statistics as Topic; Therapeutics; Transplantation, Homologous; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Wound Healing; Wound Infection | 1964 |
CARDIOVASCULAR RENAL AGENTS AS THEY IMPINGE ON OPHTHALMIC PRACTICE.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Benzothiadiazines; Bretylium Compounds; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Cardiovascular Agents; Diuretics; Drug Therapy; Glycerol; Guanethidine; Hexamethonium Compounds; Hydralazine; Mannitol; Mecamylamine; Methyldopa; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Ophthalmology; Organomercury Compounds; Pargyline; Pentolinium Tartrate; Renal Agents; Reserpine; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Toxicology; Urea; Veratrum; Veratrum Alkaloids | 1964 |
[FORCED DIURESIS IN ACUTE BARBITURATE POISONING].
Topics: Barbiturates; Diuresis; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Mannitol; Toxicology; Urea | 1964 |
EFFECT OF OSMOTIC DIURESIS ON INTRARENAL SOLUTES IN DIABETES INSIPIDUS AND HYDROPENIA.
Topics: Dehydration; Diabetes Insipidus; Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic; Diuresis; Dogs; Mannitol; Osmosis; Pharmacology; Physiology; Research; Urea; Urine | 1965 |
TREATMENT OF CEREBRAL SWELLING.
Topics: Brain Edema; Dexamethasone; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Hyperventilation; Mannitol; Neurosurgery; Preoperative Care; Urea | 1965 |
METABOLISM OF THE RENAL MEDULLA.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Carbon Isotopes; Dogs; Glucose; Hypertonic Solutions; Kidney; Kidney Medulla; Lactates; Mannitol; Metabolism; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Pharmacology; Phosphates; Radiometry; Research; Sodium Chloride; Succinates; Urea; Vasopressins | 1965 |
[CLINICAL STUDIES ON INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE LOWERING AGENTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HYPERTONIC UREA SOLUTION. I].
Topics: Acetazolamide; Aminophylline; Biomedical Research; Dexamethasone; Fructose; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Pharmacology; Povidone; Sorbitol; Steroids; Urea | 1964 |
A NEW OPERATION FOR MALIGNANT GLAUCOMA: A PRELIMINARY REPORT.
Topics: Anterior Chamber; Aqueous Humor; Atropine; Drug Therapy; Glaucoma; Humans; Mannitol; Mydriatics; Phenylephrine; Prognosis; Sclera; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Urea; Vitreous Body | 1964 |
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AGENTS USED TO LOWER INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE.
Topics: Animals; Chlorothiazide; Dogs; Injections; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Pharmacology; Research; Sorbitol; Urea | 1963 |
THE ANAESTHETIST AND THE EARLY MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE HEAD INJURIES.
Topics: Anesthesia; Craniocerebral Trauma; Drug Therapy; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypothermia; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypoxia, Brain; Infusions, Parenteral; Intubation; Intubation, Intratracheal; Mannitol; Respiration, Artificial; Resuscitation; Tracheotomy; Urea | 1965 |
THE REBOUND PHENOMENON AND HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS.
Topics: Animals; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Dogs; Glycerol; Glycine; Hyperglycemia; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Pharmacology; Research; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1964 |
ESTIMATION OF EXTRACELLULAR SPACES OF SMOOTH MUSCLE USING DIFFERENT-SIZED MOLECULES.
Topics: Arabinose; Body Fluids; Carbon Isotopes; Extracellular Space; Inulin; Jejunum; Mannitol; Metabolism; Muscle, Smooth; Muscles; Polysaccharides; Radiometry; Research; Serum Albumin; Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; Sucrose; Urea | 1965 |
MANNITOL THERAPY IN ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Anuria; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diuretics; Fluids and Secretions; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Mannitol; Postoperative Complications; Renal Insufficiency; Urea; Urine; Wounds and Injuries | 1965 |
RENAL HEMODYNAMICS AND FUNCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL HEMORRHAGIC HYPOTENSION: EFFECTS OF OSMOTIC DIURESIS.
Topics: Animals; Anuria; Blood Circulation; Diuresis; Dogs; Hemodynamics; Hemorrhage; Hypotension; Infusions, Parenteral; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Osmosis; Research; Urea | 1965 |
INFLUENCE OF OSMOTIC AGENTS ON OUTFLOW RESISTANCE.
Topics: Animals; Anterior Chamber; Aqueous Humor; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Catheterization; Fructose; Glucose; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Injections, Intravenous; Intraocular Pressure; Mannitol; Perfusion; Pharmacology; Rabbits; Research; Tonometry, Ocular; Urea | 1965 |
GENERAL ANAESTHESIA FOR INTRACRANIAL SURGERY.
Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, General; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Body Temperature; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child; Dehydration; Drainage; Electrocardiography; Electrosurgery; Hemostasis; Humans; Hyperventilation; Hypotension; Hypotension, Controlled; Hypothermia; Hypothermia, Induced; Infant; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Neurosurgery; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Posture; Stereotaxic Techniques; Urea; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 1965 |
STIMULATION BY HYPEROSMOLARITY OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN RAT ADIPOSE TISSUE AND DIAPHRAGM IN VITRO.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbon Dioxide; Diaphragm; Epinephrine; Fructose; Glucose; Glycogen; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Mannitol; Muscles; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Urea | 1965 |
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FLOW.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Ventricles; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Dogs; Glucose; Hydrocephalus; Hypertonic Solutions; Injections, Intravenous; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Neurophysiology; Research; Subarachnoid Space; Urea | 1965 |
[CLINICAL USE OF THAM, MANNITOL AND UREA].
Topics: Mannitol; Pharmacology; Research; Toxicology; Tromethamine; Urea | 1964 |
BRAIN SWELLING IN ACUTE PURULENT MENINGITIS.
Topics: Brain Edema; Child; Diagnosis; Drug Therapy; Humans; Injections; Injections, Intravenous; Mannitol; Meningitis; Toxicology; Urea | 1965 |
EFFECTS OF GLYCINE AND OTHER INSTILLATES ON CONCENTRATION OF GASTRIC ACID.
Topics: Gastric Acid; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Glycine; Histamine; Mannitol; Osmosis; Pharmacology; Physiology; Research; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Urea | 1965 |
MECHANISM OF RENAL EXCRETION OF METHYLUREA AND ACETAMIDE IN THE DOG.
Topics: Acetamides; Acetates; Amides; Carbon Isotopes; Diuresis; Dogs; Inulin; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Methylurea Compounds; Pharmacology; Physiology; Renal Elimination; Research; Urea; Ureter; Urinary Bladder; Urine; Water | 1965 |
[THERAPEUTIC PRINCIPLES IN ACUTE POISONING WITH HYPNOTICS].
Topics: Drug Therapy; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Intubation; Intubation, Intratracheal; Isotonic Solutions; Kidney; Kidneys, Artificial; Mannitol; Poisoning; Respiration; Respiration, Artificial; Strophanthins; Toxicology; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1965 |
MANNITOL IN THE SURGERY OF AORTIC ANEURYSM.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aorta; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm; Biopsy; Blood; Creatine; Creatinine; Diuresis; Drug Therapy; Geriatrics; Kidney Function Tests; Mannitol; Pathology; Pharmacology; Postoperative Complications; Renal Insufficiency; Urea; Vascular Surgical Procedures | 1965 |
TRACER MICROINJECTION STUDIES OF RENAL TUBULAR PERMEABILITY.
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Diuresis; Inulin; Kidney Tubules; Mannitol; Microinjections; Permeability; Rats; Research; Sodium; Sodium Isotopes; Tritium; Urea; Water | 1965 |
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis potentiates the colonic permeability increase triggered by luminal bile acids.
Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Colon; Deoxycholic Acid; Enzyme Inhibitors; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mannitol; Membrane Potentials; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nitric Oxide; Nitroarginine; Permeability; Pressure; Pyrilamine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Urea | 2004 |
Enteric neurones modulate the colonic permeability response to luminal bile acids in rat colon in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Colon; Deoxycholic Acid; Ganglionic Blockers; Hexamethonium; Intestinal Absorption; Isotonic Solutions; Lidocaine; Male; Mannitol; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Nicotinic Antagonists; Permeability; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Urea | 2004 |
Aquaporin 6 is permeable to glycerol and urea.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Aquaporin 6; Aquaporins; Glycerol; Humans; Mannitol; Mercury; Oocytes; Osmosis; Permeability; RNA, Messenger; Urea; Xenopus | 2004 |
Mechanistic studies of flux variability of neutral and ionic permeants during constant current dc iontophoresis with human epidermal membrane.
Topics: Biological Transport; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Electric Conductivity; Epidermis; Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iontophoresis; Mannitol; Membranes; Models, Biological; Permeability; Porosity; Tetraethylammonium; Urea | 2004 |
Gene regulation of renal-osmotic stress-induced Na-CL organic solute cotransporter.
Topics: Animals; Blood; Culture Techniques; Dehydration; Diuretics, Osmotic; Gene Expression Regulation; Inositol; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; Mannitol; Nephrons; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Chloride; Symporters; Urea; Urine | 2004 |
K+ transport in the caterpillar intestine epithelium: role of osmolytes for the K+-secretory capacity of the tobacco hornworm midgut.
Topics: Animals; Electric Conductivity; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Ion Transport; Larva; Manduca; Mannitol; Monosaccharides; Osmosis; Polyethylene Glycols; Polysaccharides; Potassium; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Time Factors; Urea | 2004 |
Enhancement of dissolution rate of valdecoxib using solid dispersions with polyethylene glycol 4000.
Topics: Algorithms; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Excipients; Isoxazoles; Kinetics; Mannitol; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Polyethylene Glycols; Povidone; Solubility; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Sulfonamides; Urea; X-Ray Diffraction | 2005 |
Volume regulation in cortical collecting duct cells: role of AQP2.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Aquaporin 2; Aquaporins; Barium Compounds; Cell Line; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Size; Chlorides; Glyburide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Urea; Water | 2005 |
Effect of released urine flow on renal tissue creatinine, urea and Na in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Creatinine; Diuresis; Dogs; Kidney; Mannitol; Sodium; Urea | 1967 |
Myoinositol administration improves survival and reduces myelinolysis after rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia in rats.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Behavior, Animal; Blood Glucose; Brain; Demyelinating Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Hyponatremia; Inositol; Male; Mannitol; Neurologic Examination; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Sodium Chloride; Staining and Labeling; Survival Rate; Time Factors; Urea; Vitamin B Complex | 2006 |
Enhanced transscleral lontophoretic transport with ion-exchange membrane.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Drug Delivery Systems; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Exchange; Iontophoresis; Mannitol; Membranes; Osmosis; Permeability; Porosity; Rabbits; Salicylates; Sclera; Tetraethylammonium; Urea | 2006 |
Optimized peptide separation and identification for mass spectrometry based proteomics via free-flow electrophoresis.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Drosophila melanogaster; Electrophoresis; Mannitol; Mass Spectrometry; Peptides; Proteomics; Urea | 2006 |
Regulation of ROMK (Kir 1.1) channel expression in kidney thick ascending limb by hypertonicity: role of TonEBP and MAPK pathways.
Topics: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; Animals; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; Flavonoids; Imidazoles; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Medulla; Loop of Henle; Male; Mannitol; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mice; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Chloride; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Urea | 2006 |
Recovery of mucosal barrier function in ischemic porcine ileum and colon is stimulated by a novel agonist of the ClC-2 chloride channel, lubiprostone.
Topics: Alprostadil; Animals; Bumetanide; Chloride Channel Agonists; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; CLC-2 Chloride Channels; Colon; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Dinoprostone; Electric Impedance; Electrophysiology; Fatty Acids; Female; Ileum; Indomethacin; Intestinal Mucosa; Ischemia; Lubiprostone; Male; Mannitol; Membrane Proteins; Occludin; Permeability; Recovery of Function; Sus scrofa; Urea; Zinc Compounds | 2007 |
Nail swelling as a pre-formulation screen for the selection and optimisation of ungual penetration enhancers.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Animals; Caffeine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Drug Compounding; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hoof and Claw; Horses; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Kinetics; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Nails; Organ Size; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Reproducibility of Results; Thioglycolates; Urea; Water | 2007 |
Systematic studies on the paracellular permeation of model permeants and oligonucleotides in the rat small intestine with chenodeoxycholate as enhancer.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Biological Availability; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Excipients; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Indicators and Reagents; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Male; Mannitol; Mesentery; Oligonucleotides; Perfusion; Porosity; Raffinose; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tight Junctions; Urea | 2008 |
Evaluation of the porosity, the tortuosity, and the hindrance factor for the transdermal delivery of hydrophilic permeants in the context of the aqueous pore pathway hypothesis using dual-radiolabeled permeability experiments.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Aquaporins; Carbon Radioisotopes; Diffusion; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inulin; Kinetics; Mannitol; Models, Biological; Molecular Structure; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Porosity; Protein Conformation; Raffinose; Skin; Skin Absorption; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Tritium; Ultrasonics; Urea | 2007 |
Iontophoretic transport across a multiple membrane system.
Topics: Chlorides; Computer Simulation; Diffusion; Drug Delivery Systems; Electrophoresis; Indicators and Reagents; Ion Exchange; Iontophoresis; Mannitol; Membranes, Artificial; Models, Statistical; Osmosis; Permeability; Sodium; Tetraethylammonium; Urea | 2008 |
Inulin, urea, mannitol, and PAH clearance ratios in premature infants.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Inulin; Mannitol; Nitrogen; Urea; Urine | 1948 |
Transport behavior of hairless mouse skin during constant current DC iontophoresis I: baseline studies.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Equipment Design; Galvanic Skin Response; Ions; Iontophoresis; Male; Mannitol; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Permeability; Raffinose; Skin; Skin Absorption; Urea | 2011 |
Integrative analysis of metabolite and transcript abundance during the short-term response to saline and oxidative stress in the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus.
Topics: Amino Acids; Fatty Acids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Mannitol; Metabolome; Oxidative Stress; Phaeophyceae; Sodium Chloride; Stress, Physiological; Transcription, Genetic; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2011 |
Transport behavior of hairless mouse skin during constant current DC iontophoresis, part 2: iontophoresis of nonionic molecules with cotransport of polystyrene sulfonate oligomers.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Biological Transport; Diffusion; Electric Conductivity; Electroosmosis; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Iontophoresis; Mannitol; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Models, Biological; Permeability; Polystyrenes; Porosity; Raffinose; Skin; Skin Absorption; Urea; Viscosity | 2011 |
Scale-up of in vitro permeation assay data to human intestinal permeability using pore theory.
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Cell Membrane Permeability; Epithelium; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Mannitol; Models, Biological; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Porosity; Urea | 2011 |
Cryopreservation of immobilized rat hepatocytes for the development of a bioartificial liver system.
Topics: Albumins; Alginates; Animals; Calcium; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cells, Immobilized; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Glucose; Glucuronic Acid; Hepatocytes; Hexuronic Acids; Liver, Artificial; Male; Mannitol; Organ Preservation Solutions; Potassium Chloride; Procaine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serum; Time Factors; Urea | 2012 |
Utilization of dietary urea nitrogen is stimulated by D-mannitol feeding in rabbits.
Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Animal Feed; Animals; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Male; Mannitol; Nitrogen; Rabbits; Urea; Weight Gain | 2012 |
The history of urea as a hyperosmolar agent to decrease brain swelling.
Topics: Brain Edema; Diuretics, Osmotic; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Urea | 2014 |
Influence of environmental hypertonicity on the induction of ureogenesis and amino acid metabolism in air-breathing walking catfish (Clarias batrachus, Bloch).
Topics: Air; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Catfishes; Diuretics, Osmotic; Environment; Hypertonic Solutions; Mannitol; Ornithine; Osmosis; Respiration; Urea; Walking | 2014 |
Pharmacokinetic modeling of ascorbate diffusion through normal and tumor tissue.
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Biological Transport; Coenzymes; Diffusion; HT29 Cells; Humans; Kinetics; Mannitol; Models, Biological; Tissue Distribution; Urea | 2014 |
Blockage of protease-activated receptor 1 ameliorates heat-stress induced intestinal high permeability and bacterial translocation.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Bacterial Translocation; Caco-2 Cells; Endotoxins; Humans; Ileum; Indazoles; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Liver; Lymph Nodes; Mannitol; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Permeability; Receptor, PAR-1; Spleen; Temperature; Urea | 2015 |
Comparison of pharmaceutical formulations: ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging to study drug-carrier interactions.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Indomethacin; Mannitol; Niacinamide; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Urea | 2015 |
Ureide metabolism under abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Topics: Allantoin; Amidohydrolases; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Droughts; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Mannitol; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Nitrogen; Plant Leaves; Purines; Seedlings; Sodium Chloride; Stress, Physiological; Urea | 2016 |
Development and characterization of solid dispersion-microsphere controlled release system for poorly water-soluble drug.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Flurbiprofen; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Inflammation; Male; Mannitol; Microspheres; Particle Size; Polymers; Polymethacrylic Acids; Rats; Solubility; Urea | 2016 |
A Transporter of Ibuprofen is Upregulated in MDCK I Cells under Hyperosmotic Culture Conditions.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Dogs; Ibuprofen; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Mannitol; Membrane Transport Proteins; Osmolar Concentration; Raffinose; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 2016 |
Sequential changes in urine production, glomerular filtration rate, and electrolyte excretion after mannitol administration.
Topics: Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Diuretics, Osmotic; Dogs; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Infusions, Intravenous; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Prospective Studies; Sodium; Urea | 2019 |