urea has been researched along with heme in 96 studies
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 61 (63.54) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 14 (14.58) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 14 (14.58) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 5 (5.21) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 2 (2.08) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Tsong, TY | 1 |
Ahlquist, DA; Schwartz, S | 1 |
Aviram, I; Lanir, A | 1 |
Buhl, K; Seppelt, U | 1 |
Lyman, G; Preisler, HD | 1 |
Christoff, G; Preisler, HD; Taylor, E | 1 |
Johnston, A; Rentsch, G | 1 |
Kappas, A; Maines, MD | 2 |
Alfrey, AC; Kurnick, JE; Vautrin, R; Wallner, SF; Ward, HP | 1 |
Chan, E; Desforges, JF | 1 |
Koshy, TI; Luntz, TL; Margoliash, E; Schejter, A | 1 |
Bray, RC; Burke, JF; Dacey, S; Edwards, M; Santama, N; Smith, AT; Thorneley, RN | 1 |
Garber, EA; Luntz, TL; Margoliash, E; Schejter, A | 1 |
Bonaventura, C; Bonaventura, J; Fushitani, K | 1 |
Léonis, J; Peiffer, S | 1 |
Ichikawa, Y; Yamano, T | 1 |
Rachmilewitz, EA | 1 |
Blumberg, WE; Peisach, J; Rachmilewitz, EA | 1 |
Williams, GR; Zamudio, I | 1 |
Bruschi-Heriaud, M; DerVartanian, DV; Le Gall, J | 1 |
Marler, HR; Shakespeare, PG | 1 |
Annaev, B; Reichman, LM; Rozantzev, EG | 1 |
Morgan, WT; Riehm, JP | 1 |
Singh, J; Wharton, DC | 1 |
McDonald, CC; Phillips, WD | 1 |
Cabral, F; Love, B | 1 |
Garewal, HS; Wasserman, AR | 1 |
Byrne, MJ; Davison, AJ; Kaminsky, LS | 1 |
Hutner, SH | 1 |
Barnes, R; Jones, OT; Porra, RJ | 1 |
Clegg, JB; Weatherall, DJ | 1 |
Feinstein, RN; Howard, JB; Jaroslow, BN | 1 |
Miki, K; Okunuki, K | 1 |
Huntley, TE; Strittmatter, P | 2 |
Levere, RD; Mizoguchi, H | 1 |
Scott, RB | 1 |
Bensinger, TA; Conrad, ME; Mahmood, L; Maisels, MJ; McCurdy, PR | 1 |
Lederer, F; Tarin, J | 1 |
Babul, J; Stellwagen, E | 1 |
Eriksson, CE; Olsson, PA; Svensson, SG | 1 |
Creighton, JM; Marks, GS; Racz, WJ; Schneck, DW; Tyrrell, DL | 1 |
Nakamura, Y; Nakaya, K; Onozawa, M; Yamada, K | 1 |
Cann, JR | 1 |
Nakaya, K; Shibata, K; Suzuki, T; Takenaka, O | 1 |
Callahan, EW; Landaw, SA; Schmid, R | 1 |
Grizzuti, K; Muller-Eberhard, U | 1 |
Singh, J; Wasserman, AR | 1 |
Stellwagen, E | 2 |
Kita, M; Samejima, T | 1 |
Herskovits, TT | 1 |
Deisseroth, AB; Dounce, AL | 1 |
Sturtevant, JM; Tsong, TY | 1 |
Baudras, A; Di Franco, A; Iwatsubo, M; Labeyrie, F | 1 |
Janick, PA; Siegel, LM | 1 |
Cavill, I; Jacobs, A; Kaaba, S; May, A; Smith, S; Ting, WC; Whittaker, JA | 1 |
Abu-Soud, HM; Loftus, M; Stuehr, DJ | 1 |
Hager, LP; Osmulski, PA; Zong, Q | 1 |
Harrington, JP; Keaton, L | 1 |
Admiraal, SJ; Fee, JA; Felsch, JS; Fujiwara, T; Goudreau, PN; Gursky, S; Hobaugh, MR; Horvath, MP; Ikeda-Saito, M; Morgan, WT | 1 |
Glick, BS; Reid, GA; Schatz, G; Wachter, C | 1 |
Chen, DY; Vergères, G; Waskell, L; Wu, FF | 1 |
Lecomte, JT; Moore, CD | 1 |
Barrientos, A; Coronel, F; de Salamanca, RE; Fontanellas, A; Herrero, JA; Morán, MJ; Trobo, JI | 1 |
Huang, ZX; Qian, W; Sun, YL; Wang, YH; Xie, Y; Zhuang, JH | 1 |
Basak, S; Chakrabarti, A; Debnath, D; Haque, E | 1 |
Atkins, WM; Daggett, V; Storch, EM | 1 |
Huang, ZX; Qian, W; Wang, WH; Wang, YH; Wu, J; Xia, ZX; Xie, Y; Xue, LL; Yao, P | 1 |
Chance, MR | 1 |
Chen, Y; Panda, K; Stuehr, DJ | 1 |
Bren, KL; Russell, BS | 1 |
Banci, L; Bartalesi, I; Ciofi-Baffoni, S; Tien, M | 1 |
Ghosh, S; Mukherjee, S; Regulski, M; Sahoo, R; Sengupta, R; Stuehr, DJ; Tully, T | 1 |
FIGEN, JF; SCHMID, R; SCHWARTZ, S | 1 |
DANIELI, G; MASETTI, GP; SANGIORGI, F | 1 |
OZOLS, J; STRITTMATTER, P | 1 |
TZAGOLOFF, A; WHARTON, DC | 1 |
HORIE, S; MORRISON, M | 1 |
Bigotti, MG; Brunori, M; Cutruzzolà, F; Musto, R; Travaglini-Allocatelli, C | 1 |
Lecomte, JT; Mukhopadhyay, K | 1 |
Antalík, M; Augustynski, J; Bánó, M; Dawson, JH; Fedurco, M; Glascock, MC; Indiani, C; Sedlák, E; Smulevich, G | 1 |
Banci, L; Barker, PD; Bruix, M; Ciofi-Baffoni, S; de Lumley Woodyear, T; Fersht, AR; Garcia, P; Johnson, CM; Ramachandra Shastry, MC; Rico, M; Roder, H | 1 |
Dasgupta, A; Dutta, T; Ghosh, S; Ray, SS; Sahoo, R; Sengupta, R | 1 |
Deng, H; Hayden, EY; Li, D; Panda, K; Rousseau, DL; Stuehr, DJ; Yeh, SR | 1 |
Knappenberger, JA; Kuriakose, SA; Lecomte, JT; Nothnagel, HJ; Vu, BC; Vuletich, DA | 1 |
Antalík, M; Dawson, JH; Droghetti, E; Fedurco, M; Smulevich, G; Sono, M; Sumithran, S | 1 |
De Filippis, V; Dewilde, S; Fago, A; Fontana, A; Hundahl, C; Moens, L; Picotti, P | 1 |
Alves, FR; Carvalho, FA; Carvalho, JW; Tabak, M | 1 |
Battistuzzi, G; Borsari, M; Bortolotti, CA; Di Rocco, G; Paltrinieri, L; Ranieri, A; Sola, M | 1 |
Cha, HJ; Choi, KY; Jang, DS; Jin, KS | 1 |
Aktas, BH; Dias-Teixeira, KL; Dos Santos Neto, JV; Franco, CH; Lopes, UG; Machado, FC; Moraes, CB; Schenkman, S | 1 |
Chen, C; Chen, J; Guo, C; Luo, S; Tong, L; Tong, Y; Xiang, S; Xu, K | 1 |
Aktas, BH; Bohm, A; Chorev, M; Du, R; Halperin, J; Reis Monteiro Dos Santos, GR; Yefidoff-Freedman, R; Zhang, Q | 1 |
Ahmad, F; Ahmed, A; Hassan, MI; Islam, A; Lakhrm, NA; Malik, A; Nasreen, K; Parray, ZA; Shamsi, A | 1 |
2 review(s) available for urea and heme
Article | Year |
---|---|
Inorganic nutrition.
Topics: Bacteria; Blood Proteins; Carbon Dioxide; Cells, Cultured; Chelating Agents; Culture Media; Culture Techniques; Eukaryota; Fungi; Growth Substances; Heme; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxamic Acids; Iron; Metals; Phenols; Phosphates; Sulfates; Trace Elements; Urea | 1972 |
In vitro hemoglobin synthesis in the thalassemia syndromes.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Bone Marrow; Cell-Free System; Chromatography; Chromatography, Gel; Female; Fetal Diseases; Genes; Globins; Heme; Hemoglobin H; Hemoglobins; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Models, Structural; Pedigree; Pregnancy; RNA, Messenger; Thalassemia; Urea | 1974 |
94 other study(ies) available for urea and heme
Article | Year |
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Ferricytochrome c chain folding measured by the energy transfer of tryptophan 59 to the heme group.
Topics: Cytochrome c Group; Energy Transfer; Fluorescence; Guanidines; Heme; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Protein Conformation; Temperature; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Urea | 1976 |
Use of leuco-dyes in the quantitative colorimetric microdetermination of hemoglobin and other heme compounds.
Topics: Colorimetry; Drug Stability; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Heme; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Iron; Methods; Microchemistry; Oxidation-Reduction; Spectrophotometry; Urea | 1975 |
Proton magnetic relaxation and anion effect in solutions of acid ferricytochrome c.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cytochrome c Group; Heme; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Myocardium; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Temperature; Urea; X-Ray Diffraction | 1975 |
[Radiogenic cystitis; endoscopic diagnosis, classification and therapy].
Topics: Cystitis; Drug Combinations; Heme; Humans; Neomycin; Radiation Injuries; Radiotherapy; Sulfanilamides; Urea; Urinary Bladder | 1978 |
Differentiation of erythroleukemia cells in vitro: properties of chemical inducers.
Topics: Acetamides; Acetone; Animals; Blood; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cryoprotective Agents; Culture Media; Dialysis; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Drug Interactions; Drug Synergism; Ethylene Glycols; Formamides; Heme; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Mice; Molecular Weight; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pyridines; Urea | 1975 |
Cryoprotective agents as inducers of erythroleukemic cell differentiation in vitro.
Topics: Acetamides; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Heme; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Experimental; Urea | 1976 |
2-Allyl-2-isopropylacetylurea and its influence on the haematopoetic syxtem.
Topics: Allyl Compounds; Animals; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Half-Life; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hematopoietic System; Heme; Hemeproteins; Liver; Male; Protein Denaturation; Rats; Urea | 1975 |
Cobalt stimulation of heme degradation in the liver. Dissociation of microsomal oxidation of heme from cytochrome P-450.
Topics: 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase; Allylisopropylacetamide; Animals; Bilirubin; Cobalt; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Cytochrome Reductases; Dactinomycin; Ethylmorphine-N-Demethylase; Heme; Iodides; Liver; Microsomes, Liver; Oxygen Consumption; Porphyrins; Puromycin; Rats; Thiocyanates; Time Factors; Triazoles; Urea | 1975 |
The anemia of chronic renal failure and chronic diseases: in vitro studies of erythropoiesis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia; Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Chronic Disease; Creatinine; Dogs; Erythropoiesis; Female; Guanidines; Heme; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iron Radioisotopes; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Urea | 1976 |
The role of disulphide bonds in Heinz body attachment to membranes.
Topics: Binding Sites; Cell Fractionation; Cell Membrane; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; Erythrocytes; Heinz Bodies; Heme; Humans; Mercaptoethanol; Urea | 1976 |
Changing the invariant proline-30 of rat and Drosophila melanogaster cytochromes c to alanine or valine destabilizes the heme crevice more than the overall conformation.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Binding Sites; Cloning, Molecular; Cytochrome c Group; Drosophila melanogaster; Heme; Hot Temperature; Proline; Protein Conformation; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrum Analysis; Structure-Activity Relationship; Urea; Valine | 1990 |
Expression of a synthetic gene for horseradish peroxidase C in Escherichia coli and folding and activation of the recombinant enzyme with Ca2+ and heme.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Apoenzymes; Base Sequence; Calcium; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Genes, Synthetic; Heme; Horseradish Peroxidase; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Peroxidases; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins; Restriction Mapping; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Spectrophotometry; Urea | 1990 |
Structural significance of an internal water molecule studied by site-directed mutagenesis of tyrosine-67 in rat cytochrome c.
Topics: Animals; Cytochrome c Group; DNA Mutational Analysis; Heme; Hydrogen Bonding; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Molecular; Phenylalanine; Protein Conformation; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics; Tyrosine; Urea; Water | 1989 |
Isolation of polypeptide chains with heme from the extracellular hemoglobin of Amphitrite ornata (Polychaeta, Annelida).
Topics: Animals; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Heme; Hemoglobins; History, 20th Century; Macromolecular Substances; Polychaeta; Urea | 1986 |
[Myoglobin in solution; preliminary studies].
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Heme; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Myoglobin; Protein Denaturation; Solutions; Urea | 1965 |
The role of the hydrophobic bonding in P-450 and the effect of organic compounds on the conversion of P-450 to P-420.
Topics: Amides; Aniline Compounds; Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Heme; Liver; Male; Microsomes; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenols; Pigments, Biological; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Spectrophotometry; Temperature; Ultracentrifugation; Urea | 1967 |
Formation of hemichromes from oxidized hemoglobin subunits.
Topics: Chromatography; Chromatography, Gel; Crystallization; Cytoplasmic Granules; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Electrophoresis; Ferricyanides; Globins; Heme; Hemoglobins; Humans; Mercaptoethanol; Pyridines; Sodium Salicylate; Spectrophotometry; Starch; Urea | 1969 |
Studies on the stability of oxyhemoglobin A and its constituent chains and their derivatives.
Topics: Benzoates; Carbon Monoxide; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cyanides; Dialysis; Drug Stability; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Ferricyanides; Globins; Heme; Hemoglobins; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Iron; Mercury; Methemoglobin; Organometallic Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Peptides; Photolysis; Protein Denaturation; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry; Urea | 1971 |
Molecular state of cy tochrome c oxidase on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Cattle; Detergents; Electron Transport Complex IV; Electrophoresis, Disc; Heme; Isoenzymes; Macromolecular Substances; Mitochondria, Muscle; Myocardium; Phenols; Spectrophotometry; Sulfuric Acids; Urea | 1971 |
Electron paramagnetic resonance and light absorption studies on c-type cytochromes of the anaerobic sulfate reducer Desulfovibrio.
Topics: Aluminum; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cytochromes; Desulfovibrio; Drug Stability; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Electrophoresis; Gels; Helium; Heme; Horses; Hydroxides; Ion Exchange Resins; Myocardium; Oxidation-Reduction; Potassium; Protein Conformation; Silicon Dioxide; Spectrophotometry; Sulfites; Ultraviolet Rays; Urea | 1971 |
Purification and some properties of cytochrome c oxidase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Topics: Ammonium Sulfate; Animals; Carbon Monoxide; Cattle; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, Gel; Cyanides; Detergents; Electron Transport Complex IV; Electrophoresis; Heme; Hydrogen Peroxide; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Weight; Myocardium; Oxidation-Reduction; Saccharomyces; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Spectrophotometry; Sulfites; Sulfuric Acids; Urea | 1971 |
Studies of microsomal cytochrome P-450 with isocyanide spin label.
Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Binding Sites; Chloromercuribenzoates; Cyanides; Cyclic N-Oxides; Cytochromes; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Heme; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Models, Chemical; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Rats; Spectrophotometry; Structure-Activity Relationship; Temperature; Ultraviolet Rays; Urea | 1972 |
Proteins of the thermophilic fungus Humicola lanuginosa. II. Some physicochemical properties of a cytochrome c.
Topics: Animals; Circular Dichroism; Cytochrome c Group; Fungal Proteins; Heme; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mitosporic Fungi; Myocardium; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Peptides; Solvents; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Tyrosine; Urea | 1973 |
Cytochrome c-556, a di-heme protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonium Sulfate; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cytochrome c Group; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Electrophoresis, Disc; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Heme; Iron; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Weight; Oxidation-Reduction; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Spectrophotometry; Ultracentrifugation; Urea | 1973 |
Proton magnetic resonance studies of horse cytochrome c.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cytochrome c Group; Deuterium; Fluoroacetates; Heme; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron; Ligands; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Myocardium; Protein Conformation; Protons; Species Specificity; Temperature; Urea | 1973 |
The heme environment in ferric and ferrous cytochrome c oxidase.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chymotrypsin; Circular Dichroism; Cytochrome c Group; Electron Transport Complex IV; Ethylenes; Glycerol; Glycols; Heme; Horses; Iron; Myocardium; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptide Fragments; Protein Conformation; Spectrophotometry; Sucrose; Surface-Active Agents; Ultracentrifugation; Urea | 1974 |
Triton X-100-4 M urea as an extraction medium for membrane proteins. II. Molecular properties of pure cytochrome b559: a lipoprotein containing small polypeptide chains and a limited lipid composition.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Binding Sites; Carotenoids; Cell Membrane; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Chlorophyll; Chloroplasts; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cytochromes; Deuterium; Electrophoresis, Disc; Heme; Iron; Lipids; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Weight; Plants; Polyethylene Glycols; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Spectrophotometry; Surface-Active Agents; Urea | 1974 |
Cobalt induction of hepatic heme oxygenase; with evidence that cytochrome P-450 is not essential for this enzyme activity.
Topics: Animals; Bilirubin; Cobalt; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Enzyme Induction; Heme; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Morphine Derivatives; Rats; Urea | 1974 |
Iron ligands in different forms of ferricytochrome c: the 620-nm band as a probe.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Cytochromes; Ethanol; Heme; Histidine; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron; Mathematics; Methionine; Myocardium; Osmolar Concentration; Pepsin A; Peptides; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Spectrophotometry; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Trypsin; Urea; Water | 1972 |
The over-production of porphyrins by semi-anaerobic yeast.
Topics: 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase; Ammonium Sulfate; Anaerobiosis; Cell-Free System; Detergents; Ergosterol; Glucose; Heme; Iron; Oleic Acids; Porphyrins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sucrose; Urea | 1973 |
Molecular location of the genetic lesion in the acatalasemic mouse.
Topics: Animals; Azides; Catalase; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Drug Stability; Goats; Guanidines; Heme; Hydroxylamines; Immune Sera; Liver; Mice; Mutation; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Rabbits; Triazoles; Trypsin; Urea | 1972 |
Cytochromes of Bacillus subtilis. II. Purification and spectral properties of cytochromes c-550 and c-554.
Topics: Azides; Bacillus subtilis; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cyanides; Cytochromes; Heme; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Imidazoles; Oxidation-Reduction; Spectrophotometry; Temperature; Urea | 1969 |
The effect of heme binding on the tryptophan residue and the protein conformation of cytochrome b 5 .
Topics: 1-Propanol; Acetates; Acylation; Anhydrides; Animals; Apoproteins; Cattle; Circular Dichroism; Cytochromes; Ethanol; Heme; Mathematics; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Rabbits; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry; Tryptophan; Ultracentrifugation; Ultraviolet Rays; Urea | 1972 |
The reactivity of the tyrosyl residues of cytochrome b 5 .
Topics: 1-Propanol; Acetates; Acylation; Anhydrides; Animals; Apoproteins; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Circular Dichroism; Cytochromes; Heme; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodine; Mathematics; Peptides; Protein Conformation; Rabbits; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry; Trypsin; Tyrosine; Ultraviolet Rays; Urea | 1972 |
Stimulation of alpha and beta polypeptide chain synthesis in cultured human marrow by erythropoietin.
Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Carbon Isotopes; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Erythropoietin; Globins; Heme; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Macromolecular Substances; Peptide Biosynthesis; Peptides; Stimulation, Chemical; Urea; Valine | 1972 |
Urea therapy in sickle-cell anemia.
Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Cyanates; Heme; Hemolysis; Humans; Pain; Urea | 1971 |
Effect of intravenous urea in invert sugar on heme catabolism in sickle-cell anemia.
Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Bilirubin; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Carbon Monoxide; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Fructose; Glucose; Hematocrit; Heme; Hemoglobins; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Reticulocytes; Solutions; Urea | 1971 |
Chemical modification of the thioether bridges in cytochrome c. A novel method for heme cleavage.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cytochromes; Ethers; Heme; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptides; Sulfur; Urea | 1971 |
The existence of heme-protein coordinate-covalent bonds in denaturing solvents.
Topics: Cytochromes; Heme; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Solvents; Spectrum Analysis; Urea | 1971 |
Denatured hemoproteins as catalysts in lipid oxidation.
Topics: Blood Proteins; Catalase; Catalysis; Fatty Acids; Heme; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipids; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidases; Protein Denaturation; Urea | 1971 |
Experimental porphyria. II. Drug-induced porphyrin biosynthesis.
Topics: 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase; Acetamides; Alkenes; Allyl Compounds; Amides; Animals; Barbiturates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chick Embryo; Cytochromes; Enzyme Induction; Esters; Female; Heme; Hydrolysis; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Liver; Male; Porphyrias; Porphyrins; Pregnanes; Pyridines; Sterols; Urea | 1971 |
Interaction of cetylpuridinium chloride with oxymyoglobin.
Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Cetacea; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Detergents; Glyoxylates; Heme; Mathematics; Myoglobin; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Oxygen; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Pyridinium Compounds; Spectrophotometry; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfuric Acids; Ultracentrifugation; Urea; Zinc | 1971 |
Contribution of aromatic residue interactions to the stability of myoglobin. IV. Delineation of binding forces between aromatic compounds and myoglobin.
Topics: Binding Sites; Butyrates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Heme; Indoleacetic Acids; Indoles; Kinetics; Myoglobin; Naphthalenes; Protein Denaturation; Spectrum Analysis; Urea | 1969 |
States of amino acid residues in proteins. XIX. Modification of arginine residues in myoglobin.
Topics: Acrylates; Aldehydes; Animals; Arginine; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cyanides; Dextrans; Electrophoresis; Heme; Histidine; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodoacetates; Lysine; Methemoglobin; Methods; Methylcellulose; Myocardium; Myoglobin; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors; Ultracentrifugation; Urea | 1969 |
Catabolism of heme in vivo: comparison of the simultaneous production of bilirubin and carbon monoxide.
Topics: Animals; Bile; Bilirubin; Carbon Isotopes; Carbon Monoxide; Feces; Glycine; Heme; Injections, Intravenous; Liver; Phenobarbital; Rats; Respiration; Urea | 1970 |
Conformational studies on human and rabbit plasma hemopexin and on the effect of ligands on the rabbit heme-hemopexin complex.
Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Carbon Monoxide; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Circular Dichroism; Cyanides; Formates; Glycoproteins; Heme; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Osmolar Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Potassium; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Species Specificity; Sulfites; Ultraviolet Rays; Urea | 1971 |
The use of disc gel electrophoresis with nonionic detergent in the purification of cytochrome f from spinach grana membranes.
Topics: Acrylates; Carbon Monoxide; Chloroplasts; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Cold Temperature; Cytochromes; Detergents; Electrophoresis, Disc; Gels; Guanidines; Heme; Iron; Membranes; Methods; Molecular Weight; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Cells; Solubility; Spectrophotometry; Sulfuric Acids; Surface-Active Agents; Ultracentrifugation; Urea | 1971 |
The reversible unfolding of horse heart ferricytochrome c.
Topics: Alkylation; Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cytochromes; Dialysis; Glycols; Heme; Histidine; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron; Methionine; Myocardium; Spectrum Analysis; Tyrosine; Ultracentrifugation; Urea; Viscosity | 1968 |
The conformational changes of catalase molecule caused by ligand molecules.
Topics: Azides; Catalase; Cyanides; Heme; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Potassium; Protein Denaturation; Spectrum Analysis; Ultraviolet Rays; Urea | 1969 |
Solvent perturbation studies of heme proteins and other colored proteins.
Topics: Animals; Catalase; Cattle; Cetacea; Cytochromes; Deuterium; Glycerol; Glycols; Heme; Hemoglobins; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Liver; Myoglobin; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Solvents; Spectrum Analysis; Sucrose; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Ultraviolet Rays; Urea; Water | 1969 |
Comparison of the catalytic and physical properties of the components of lyophilized beef erythrocyte catalase with those of lyophilized beef liver catalase components.
Topics: Animals; Catalase; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Crystallography; Erythrocytes; Freeze Drying; Heme; Liver; Models, Structural; Molecular Weight; Protein Denaturation; Solubility; Spectrum Analysis; Sulfites; Ultracentrifugation; Ultraviolet Rays; Urea | 1969 |
Investigations of yeast L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome b2). VI. Circular dichroism of the holoenzyme.
Topics: Ascomycota; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Crystallization; Cytochromes; DNA; Flavin Mononucleotide; Heme; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mathematics; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Peptides; Saccharomyces; Spectrophotometry; Spectrum Analysis; Urea | 1969 |
Location of the heme moiety of cytochrome c by solvent perturbation.
Topics: Chymotrypsin; Cytochromes; Glycols; Heme; Models, Theoretical; Solvents; Spectrophotometry; Urea; Viscosity | 1967 |
Fluorometric and spectrophotometric study of heme binding on the apoprotein from a cytochrome b-2-derivative.
Topics: Coenzymes; Cytochromes; Flavins; Fluorometry; Heme; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry; Trypsin; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Urea | 1967 |
Electron paramagnetic resonance and optical evidence for interaction between siroheme and Fe4S4 prosthetic groups in complexes of Escherichia coli sulfite reductase hemoprotein with added ligands.
Topics: Arsenic; Arsenites; Carbon Monoxide; Cyanides; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Escherichia coli; Ferrous Compounds; Guanidines; Heme; Iron; Ligands; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; Spectrophotometry; Sulfides; Sulfite Reductase (NADPH); Sulfur; Urea | 1983 |
Anaemia in patients with myelomatosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia; Blood Volume; Bone Marrow; Creatinine; Erythrocytes; Erythropoietin; Female; Heme; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Iron; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Paraproteins; Urea | 1982 |
Subunit dissociation and unfolding of macrophage NO synthase: relationship between enzyme structure, prosthetic group binding, and catalytic function.
Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Animals; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Heme; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Macrophages; Mice; Molecular Structure; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Urea | 1995 |
High-pressure-assisted reconstitution of recombinant chloroperoxidase.
Topics: Apoenzymes; Chloride Peroxidase; Circular Dichroism; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Fungal Proteins; Heme; Hydrostatic Pressure; Mitosporic Fungi; Plasmids; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry; Urea | 1995 |
Unfolding and release of heme from human hemoglobins A, S and F.
Topics: Fetal Hemoglobin; Heme; Hemoglobin A; Hemoglobin, Sickle; Humans; Methemoglobin; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxyhemoglobins; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Urea | 1993 |
Probing protein-cofactor interactions in the terminal oxidases by second derivative spectroscopy: study of bacterial enzymes with cofactor substitutions and heme A model compounds.
Topics: Animals; Apoproteins; Cattle; Cytochrome a Group; Electron Transport; Electron Transport Complex IV; Heme; Hemopexin; Mitochondria, Heart; Myoglobin; Proteins; Spectrophotometry; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Urea | 1994 |
Import of cytochrome b2 to the mitochondrial intermembrane space: the tightly folded heme-binding domain makes import dependent upon matrix ATP.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Binding Sites; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Compartmentation; Heme; Intracellular Membranes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (Cytochrome); Mitochondria; Models, Biological; Peptide Fragments; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Precursors; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; Urea | 1993 |
The function of tyrosine 74 of cytochrome b5.
Topics: Animals; Cytochromes b5; Heme; Hot Temperature; In Vitro Techniques; Lysine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Protein Conformation; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics; Tyrosine; Urea | 1993 |
Characterization of an independent structural unit in apocytochrome b5.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Apoproteins; Binding Sites; Cyclic N-Oxides; Cytochrome b Group; Cytochromes b; Heme; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Rats; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spin Labels; Urea | 1993 |
Abnormalities of heme biosynthesis in experimental acute renal failure.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Creatinine; Dogs; Erythrocytes; Female; Heme; Male; Porphobilinogen Synthase; Porphyrins; Renal Dialysis; Urea; Uremia; Ureter | 1996 |
The influence of mutation at Glu44 and Glu56 of cytochrome b5 on the protein's stabilization and interaction between cytochrome c and cytochrome b5.
Topics: Animals; Apoproteins; Cytochrome c Group; Cytochromes b5; Electrochemistry; Energy Transfer; Entropy; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Heme; Horses; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Myoglobin; Oxidation-Reduction; Solutions; Temperature; Urea | 1998 |
Structural changes of horseradish peroxidase in presence of low concentrations of urea.
Topics: Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Circular Dichroism; Heme; Horseradish Peroxidase; Protein Denaturation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Urea | 1999 |
Engineering out motion: introduction of a de novo disulfide bond and a salt bridge designed to close a dynamic cleft on the surface of cytochrome b5.
Topics: Animals; Cytochromes b5; Disulfides; Heme; Hot Temperature; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Protein Engineering; Rats; Salts; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan; Urea | 1999 |
Effect of mutation at valine 61 on the three-dimensional structure, stability, and redox potential of cytochrome b5.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cytochromes b5; Enzyme Stability; Heme; Hot Temperature; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Denaturation; Protein Engineering; Recombinant Proteins; Urea; Valine | 1999 |
Unfolding of apomyoglobin examined by synchrotron footprinting.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Apoproteins; Biochemistry; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Heme; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Myoglobin; Oxygen; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thermodynamics; Time Factors; Urea; X-Rays | 2001 |
Control of nitric oxide synthase dimer assembly by a heme-NO-dependent mechanism.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Dimerization; Escherichia coli; Heme; Kinetics; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Donors; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Recombinant Proteins; S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; Spectrophotometry; Urea | 2002 |
Denaturant dependence of equilibrium unfolding intermediates and denatured state structure of horse ferricytochrome c.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Circular Dichroism; Cytochrome c Group; Heme; Horses; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Thermodynamics; Urea | 2002 |
Unfolding and pH studies on manganese peroxidase: role of heme and calcium on secondary structure stability.
Topics: Apoproteins; Calcium; Circular Dichroism; Dithiothreitol; Enzyme Stability; Heme; Holoenzymes; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Molecular; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidases; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Urea | 2003 |
Characterization of Drosophila nitric oxide synthase: a biochemical study.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Biopterins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drosophila; Electrons; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Heme; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrolysis; NADP; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitrites; Open Reading Frames; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors; Trypsin; Ultraviolet Rays; Urea | 2003 |
Experimental porphyria. IV. Studies of liver catalase and other heme enzymes in sedormid porphyria.
Topics: Catalase; Heme; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Liver; Porphyrias; Urea | 1955 |
[Action of various aromatic substances and nitrogen metabolites on heme synthesis in vitro].
Topics: Creatine; Creatinine; Guanidine; Guanidines; Heme; In Vitro Techniques; Indoles; Nitrogen; Phenols; Urea; Uric Acid | 1963 |
THE INTERACTION OF PORPHYRINS AND METALLOPORHYRINS WITH APOCYTOCHROME BETA-5.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography; Cobalt; Copper; Cytochromes; Deuterium; Heme; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnesium; Nickel; Porphyrins; Pyrroles; Research; Spectrophotometry; Trypsin; Urea | 1964 |
STUDIES OF THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM. LV. THE INFLUENCE OF PH AND OF PROTEIN-DEPOLYMERIZING REAGENTS ON THE REACTION OF CYTOCHROME A WITH BOROHYDRIDE.
Topics: Borates; Borohydrides; Carbon Monoxide; Cyanides; Cytochromes; Cytochromes a; Dialysis; Electron Transport; Electron Transport Complex IV; Heme; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Renal Dialysis; Research; Spectrophotometry; Surface-Active Agents; Urea | 1964 |
CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE COMPONENTS. IV. CHEMICAL DISTINCTION BETWEEN CYTOCHROMES ALPHA- AND ALPHA-3.
Topics: Borates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography; Cyanides; Cytochromes; Electron Transport Complex IV; Heme; Research; Spectrophotometry; Sulfites; Urea | 1964 |
Folding of Aplysia limacina apomyoglobin involves an intermediate in common with other evolutionarily distant globins.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Aplysia; Apoproteins; Evolution, Molecular; Globins; Heme; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Myoglobin; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Urea; Whales | 2004 |
A relationship between heme binding and protein stability in cytochrome b5.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cytochromes b5; Heme; Models, Molecular; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Phenylalanine; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Rats; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Urea | 2004 |
The heme iron coordination of unfolded ferric and ferrous cytochrome c in neutral and acidic urea solutions. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies.
Topics: Animals; Circular Dichroism; Cytochrome c Group; Electrochemistry; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Heme; Histidine; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron; Kinetics; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Denaturation; Solutions; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Urea; Water | 2004 |
Effects of heme on the structure of the denatured state and folding kinetics of cytochrome b562.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Apoproteins; Circular Dichroism; Cytochrome b Group; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Guanidine; Heme; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan; Urea | 2005 |
Dissociation and unfolding of inducible nitric oxide synthase oxygenase domain identifies structural role of tetrahydrobiopterin in modulating the heme environment.
Topics: Animals; Biopterins; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Heme; Indicators and Reagents; Light; Mice; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Protein Conformation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Proteins; Scattering, Radiation; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Urea | 2006 |
Regulation of the monomer-dimer equilibrium in inducible nitric-oxide synthase by nitric oxide.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Animals; Arginine; Biopterins; Chelating Agents; Chromatography; Cysteine; Dimerization; Disulfides; Escherichia coli; Heme; Iron; Mass Spectrometry; Mice; Models, Chemical; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Spectrophotometry; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Time Factors; Urea; Zinc | 2006 |
Proximal influences in two-on-two globins: effect of the Ala69Ser replacement on Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 hemoglobin.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Cyanides; Ferric Compounds; Globins; Heme; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Myoglobin; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Recombinant Proteins; Serine; Sperm Whale; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synechocystis; Temperature; Urea | 2006 |
Effects of urea and acetic acid on the heme axial ligation structure of ferric myoglobin at very acidic pH.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Cattle; Heme; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron; Molecular Structure; Myoglobin; Protein Denaturation; Urea | 2009 |
Unusual stability of human neuroglobin at low pH--molecular mechanisms and biological significance.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Binding Sites; Circular Dichroism; Crystallography, X-Ray; Globins; Heme; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroglobin; Oxygen; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Stability; Urea | 2009 |
pH effect upon HbGp oligomeric stability: characterization of the dissociated species by AUC and DLS studies.
Topics: Animals; Heme; Hemoglobins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron; Kinetics; Light; Molecular Weight; Oligochaeta; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Multimerization; Protein Stability; Protein Subunits; Protein Unfolding; Scattering, Radiation; Ultracentrifugation; Urea | 2013 |
Effect of motional restriction on the unfolding properties of a cytochrome c featuring a His/Met-His/His ligation switch.
Topics: Cytochromes c; Fungal Proteins; Heme; Immobilized Proteins; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Motion; Protein Conformation; Protein Unfolding; Solutions; Static Electricity; Urea; Yeasts | 2014 |
Structural analyses combined with small-angle X-ray scattering reveals that the retention of heme is critical for maintaining the structure of horseradish peroxidase under denaturing conditions.
Topics: Circular Dichroism; Guanidine; Heme; Horseradish Peroxidase; Models, Molecular; Protein Denaturation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Unfolding; Temperature; Urea; X-Ray Diffraction | 2017 |
Identification of di-substituted ureas that prevent growth of trypanosomes through inhibition of translation initiation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chagas Disease; eIF-2 Kinase; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; G1 Phase; Heme; Humans; Myoblasts; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Phosphorylation; Protozoan Proteins; Rats; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma cruzi; Urea | 2018 |
High-resolution structures of inhibitor complexes of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 in a new crystal form.
Topics: Catalytic Domain; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Enzyme Inhibitors; Heme; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Mutation; Tryptophan; Urea | 2018 |
New activators of eIF2α Kinase Heme-Regulated Inhibitor (HRI) with improved biophysical properties.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; Heme; Humans; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Phosphorylation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Urea | 2020 |
Crowding Milleu stabilizes apo-myoglobin against chemical-induced denaturation: Dominance of hardcore repulsions in the heme devoid protein.
Topics: Animals; Apoproteins; Dextrans; Ficoll; Guanidine; Heme; Horses; Macromolecular Substances; Myoglobin; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Stability; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Thermodynamics; Urea | 2021 |