ubiquinone and ruboxistaurin

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that continues to present as a major health problem worldwide. It is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action and is associated with chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Many studies suggest a central role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this multi-faceted metabolic disorder. This has prompted investigations in the use of antioxidants as a complementary therapeutic approach. In this review we briefly summarize oxidative mechanisms implicated in diabetic complications and then focus on the findings resulting from human clinical trials where antioxidants were studied as an adjuvant to standard diabetes treatment during the last ten years. A literature search using PubMed (last ten years) was performed using the following terms: vitamin E, vitamin C, coenzyme Q10, alpha lipoic acid, L-carnitine, ruboxistaurin or LY 333531 and diabetes. This search was limited to human clinical trials. We concluded there is not any established benefit for antioxidants use in the management of diabetic complications. Therefore, routine vitamin or mineral supplementation is not generally recommended.

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Carnitine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Indoles; Male; Maleimides; Oxidative Stress; Thioctic Acid; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone; Vitamins

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and excessive vasoconstriction are important contributors to chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced neonatal pulmonary hypertension. On the basis of evidence that PKCβ and mitochondrial oxidative stress are involved in several cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, we hypothesized that PKCβ and mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) signaling contribute to enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction in neonatal rats exposed to CH. To test this hypothesis, we examined effects of the PKCβ inhibitor LY-333,531, the ROS scavenger 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (TEMPOL), and the mitochondrial antioxidants mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) and (2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (MitoTEMPO) on vasoconstrictor responses in saline

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Chronic Disease; Cyclic N-Oxides; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Hypoxia; Indoles; Maleimides; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy; Protein Kinase C beta; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Circulation; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species; Spin Labels; Ubiquinone; Vasoconstriction; Vasoconstrictor Agents