ubiquinone and rasagiline

The authors summarized the evidence supporting neuroprotection based on the data available in the literature. In vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that many compounds can decrease neurodegeneration, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, disturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis and compensate the energy impairment. Selegiline, rasagiline, dopamine agonists and other molecules (ubiquinone, kynurenic acid, tocopherol, creatine, glatiramer acetate) exert neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies. Much less clinical data are available regarding neuroprotection in different neurological disorders. In this review, such preclinical and clinical evidences are summarized.

Topics: Animals; Creatine; Dopamine Agonists; Glatiramer Acetate; Humans; Indans; Kynurenic Acid; Micronutrients; Nerve Degeneration; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Parkinson Disease; Peptides; Selegiline; Tocopherols; Ubiquinone

The introduction of levodopa in the late 1960s represented a landmark in the therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, motor complications of chronic levodopa therapy have emerged as a major limitation of this otherwise effective therapy. Advancing medical and surgical treatment of these complications has been the main objective of clinical trials during the past few decades. In addition, basic research has focused on better understanding of the mechanisms of motor complications and how to prevent them. Slowing or delaying the progression of the disease delays the need for levodopa therapy; therefore, neuroprotective strategies may play an important role in preventing the onset and reducing the severity of levodopa-related adverse effects. In this introductory review, we present the rationale for current and experimental therapies designed to favorably modify the progression of PD. If implemented early in the course of the disease, such treatments, if found effective, may not only alter the natural progression of the disease but may also delay or minimize motor and nonmotor complications associated with levodopa.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antiparkinson Agents; Coenzymes; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Indans; Levodopa; Membrane Proteins; N-Methylaspartate; Neuroprotective Agents; Parkinson Disease; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Creatine; Dopamine Agonists; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Indans; Minocycline; Monoamine Oxidase; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxepins; Parkinson Disease; Picolinic Acids; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Riluzole; Selegiline; Ubiquinone

Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Creatine; Humans; Indans; Parkinson Disease; Selegiline; Ubiquinone