tryptophan has been researched along with xanthurenic acid in 99 studies
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 35 (35.35) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 21 (21.21) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 11 (11.11) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 27 (27.27) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 5 (5.05) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Pewnim, T; Seifert, J | 2 |
Cochary, EF; Gershoff, SN; Miller, JW; Morrow, FD; Ribaya-Mercado, JD; Russell, RM; Sadowski, JA; Selhub, J; Shepard, DC | 1 |
Bender, DA; Njagi, EN | 1 |
Milovanović, DD; Milovanović, L; Radulović, D; Stanković, B | 1 |
Gretz, D; O'Connor, DK; Sampson, DA; Schaeffer, MC; Skala, JH | 1 |
Savvateeva, E | 1 |
Fujimoto, H; Haneda, M; Nakatsuka, M; Nisimoto, Y; Nomura, S; Ohta, T; Shibata, Y; Takeuchi, F; Tamai, T; Tsubouchi, R | 1 |
Bender, DA | 2 |
Franke, G; Grimm, U; Knapp, A; Mellenthin, R; Seidlitz, G | 1 |
Grimm, U; Knapp, A; Wich, H | 1 |
Izuta, S; Shibata, Y; Takeuchi, F; Tsubouchi, R | 1 |
Shibata, Y; Takeuchi, F; Tsubouchi, R | 1 |
Abdel-Hamied, HA; Abdel-Tawab, GA; Aboul-Azm, T; Ebied, SA; el-Kholy, ZA; el-Sharaky, AS; el-Toukhy, MA | 1 |
Goto, S; Kido, R; Ogawa, Y; Okayama, A; Okuno, E; Takikawa, O; Wada, H; Yamatodani, A | 1 |
Grimm, U; Knapp, A; Steinhauser, I; Wulff, K; Zschiesche, M | 1 |
Bruinse, HW; Louwerse, ES; Schrijver, J; Thissen, JT; van den Berg, H | 1 |
Gu, JF; Guo, JS; Hou, XC | 1 |
Depner, TA; Gulyassy, PF; Jarrard, EA; Tavares-Almeida, I | 1 |
Lee, CM; Leklem, JE | 1 |
Beaudry, P; Civatte, J; Dreux, C; Garnier, JP; Jeanmougin, M | 1 |
Lohman, TG; Wirth, JC | 1 |
Hattori, M; Kotake, Y | 1 |
Boots, LR; Cornwell, PE; Monti, JA; Williams, SA | 1 |
Hoes, MJ; Sijben, N | 1 |
Bermond, P | 1 |
Bryan, GT; Ertürk, E; Matsushima, M; Takano, S | 1 |
Allegri, G; Cardin Dè Stefani, EL; Costa, C; De Antoni, A; Vanzan, S | 1 |
Byar, D; De Pauw, M; Lockwood, R; Newling, DW; Robinson, MR; Smith, PH; Stevens, I; Sylvester, R | 1 |
Boni, RL; Markey, SP; Naritsin, DB | 1 |
Hayakawa, T; Kondo, T; Mushiage, M; Shibata, K; Tsuge, H | 1 |
Hirano, S; Ishizu, H; Matsuda, Y; Nakatsuka, M; Noguchi, T; Ohta, T; Shibata, Y; Shindo, T; Takeuchi, F; Yoshino, M | 1 |
Iguchi, T; Imai, J; Kawai, M; Murayama, K; Sakai, Y; Shimizu, H; Sumi, T; Yamaguchi, S; Yoshida, I | 1 |
Li, G; Li, J | 1 |
Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Molina-Carballo, A; Muñóz-Hoyos, A; Rodríguez-Cabezas, T; Ruiz-Cosano, C; Uberos-Fernández, J | 1 |
Kondo, T; Miki, A; Shibata, K | 1 |
Goodman, CB; Heyliger, SO; Ngong, JM; Soliman, KF | 1 |
Jirgensons, J; Jurika, E; Rudzite, V | 1 |
Goda, K; Hamane, Y; Kishimoto, R; Ogishi, Y | 1 |
Hess, OM; Malina, HZ; Mehl, M; Richter, C | 1 |
Fukuwatari, T; Hayakawa, F; Morikawa, Y; Shibata, K; Sugimoto, E | 1 |
Buczko, W; Mysliwiec, P; Pawlak, D; Tankiewicz, A | 1 |
Buczko, W; Malyszko, J; Mysliwiec, M; Pawlak, D; Pawlak, K | 1 |
Fukuwatari, T; Shibata, K; Sugimoto, E | 1 |
ASSENSIO, AM; MAGGIONI, G | 1 |
GINOULHIAC, E; TENCONI, LT; VANDELLI, I | 1 |
KOTAKE, Y | 2 |
MASKE, H | 1 |
COLES, CM; HAWKINS, WW; LEONARD, VG | 1 |
GASSMANN, B; KNAPP, A | 1 |
GASSMANN, B; KNAPP, A; ZIMMERMANN, W | 1 |
KNAPP, A | 1 |
DAHLER-VOLLENWEIDER, EM | 1 |
RODRIGUEZALEGRIA, CO | 1 |
COTTE, J; DESPIERRES, G; ROULLET, A | 1 |
BERGER, H; HOTTINGER, A | 1 |
MONTEROJARAMILLO, SC | 1 |
BUDDECKE, E; ROESTER, U; STRECKER, FJ; WEITZEL, G | 1 |
GLAZER, HS; HAWKINS, VR; MUELLER, JF; THOMPSON, C; VILTER, RW | 1 |
Baysse, C; Budzikiewicz, H; Cornelis, P; De Greve, H; Hoorelbeke, B; Koedam, N; Matthijs, S; Meyer, JM; Schäfer, M; Tehrani, KA; Verheyden, L | 1 |
Fukuoka, S; Fukuwatari, T; Ohsaki, S; Sasaki, R; Shibata, K; Suzuki, Y | 1 |
Arai, M; Matsuoka, H; Okech, B | 1 |
Beerntsen, BT; Han, Q; Li, J | 1 |
Bosmans, E; Kubera, M; Maes, M; Mihaylova, I; Ruyter, MD | 1 |
Fukuwatari, T; Shibata, K | 2 |
Ares, AM; Bernal, J; Bernal, JL; Nozal, MJ; Soto, ME | 1 |
Hamamoto, H; Hattori, K; Horie, R; Kushida, A; Sekimizu, K; Tamura, H | 1 |
Gupta, N; Lehmann, MJ; Lucius, R; Schmid, M | 1 |
Aalders, MC; de Vos, J; Lambrechts, SA; Sijen, T; van Dam, A; van Weert, A | 1 |
Eussen, SJ; Midttun, Ø; Nygård, O; Tell, GS; Theofylaktopoulou, D; Ueland, PM; Ulvik, A; Vollset, SE | 1 |
Fukuwatari, T; Funakoshi, H; Kadota, E; Kanai, M; Nakamura, T; Sano, M; Shibata, K; Terakata, M | 1 |
Bezrukov, MV; Shilov, IuE | 1 |
Brody, LC; Brosnan, JT; Brosnan, ME; Deac, OM; Fan, R; Gibney, ER; Laird, E; Midttun, Ø; Mills, JL; Molloy, AM; Shane, B; Ueland, PM; Wang, Y | 1 |
Oxenkrug, GF | 1 |
Alvarez-Idaboy, JR; Galano, A; Pérez-González, A | 1 |
Dierkes, J; Drevon, CA; Gudbrandsen, OA; Karlsson, T; Midttun, Ø; Nygård, O; Pedersen, ER; Strand, E; Ueland, PM; Øyen, J | 1 |
Aalders, MC; Lambrechts, SA; Todorovski, T; van Dam, A; van Leeuwen, TG | 1 |
Buttar, HS; Nayak, BN | 1 |
Kaminski, T; Michalowska, M; Oksztulska-Kolanek, E; Pawlak, D; Znorko, B | 1 |
Capi, M; Curto, M; Fazio, F; Giamberardino, MA; Lionetto, L; Martelletti, P; Negro, A; Nicoletti, F; Perugino, F; Simmaco, M | 1 |
Capi, M; Curto, M; Fazio, F; Giamberardino, MA; Lionetto, L; Martelletti, P; Negro, A; Nicoletti, F; Simmaco, M | 1 |
Allorge, D; Caiazzo, R; Favennec, M; Froguel, P; Guillemin, GJ; Hennart, B; Leloire, A; Pattou, F; Pigeyre, M; Poulain-Godefroy, O; Raverdy, V; Verbanck, M; Verkindt, H; Yengo, L | 1 |
Gabriele, S; Gevi, F; Persico, AM; Zolla, L | 1 |
Anderson, G; Carvalho, AF; Geffard, M; Kanchanatawan, B; Maes, M; Ruxrungtham, K; Sirivichayakul, S | 1 |
Advani, R; Giil, LM; Midttun, Ø; Refsum, H; Smith, AD; Ueland, PM; Ulvik, A | 1 |
Fan, L; Fang, J; Song, J; Tong, Q; Xiong, W; Yang, G | 1 |
Shibata, K | 1 |
Kanchanatawan, B; Maes, M | 1 |
Amore, M; Baldessarini, RJ; Berardelli, I; Curto, M; Erbuto, D; Forte, A; Girardi, P; Innamorati, M; Lionetto, L; Montebovi, F; Pompili, M; Serafini, G; Seretti, ME; Simmaco, M | 1 |
Carvalho, AF; Kanchanatawan, B; Maes, M; Sirivichayakul, S; Thika, S | 1 |
Baldessarini, RJ; Comparelli, A; Corigliano, V; Curto, M; Fazio, F; Ferracuti, S; Lionetto, L; Nicoletti, F; Simmaco, M | 1 |
Becquemont, L; Boniface, B; Boursier-Neyret, C; Chanson, P; Colle, R; Corruble, E; David, DJ; Falissard, B; Fève, B; Masson, P; Verstuyft, C; Walther, B; Werner, E | 1 |
Allers, KA; Harkin, A; McLoughlin, DM; Ryan, KM | 1 |
Enomoto, N; Fujisawa, T; Furuhashi, K; Hozumi, H; Inui, N; Karayama, M; Maekawa, M; Masuda, J; Mori, K; Nakamura, Y; Suda, T; Sugimura, H; Suzuki, Y; Takada, A; Yasui, H | 1 |
Anderson, JF; Dahmani, M; Neelakanta, G; Sultana, H | 1 |
Ashrafian, H; Darzi, A; Holmes, E; Lewis, MR; Penney, N; Purkayastha, S; Whiley, L; Yeung, KTD | 1 |
3 review(s) available for tryptophan and xanthurenic acid
Article | Year |
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[Kynurenines in pathogenesis of endogenous psychiatric disorders].
Topics: Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenine; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2013 |
New insights into tryptophan and its metabolites in the regulation of bone metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Humans; Kynurenine; Melatonin; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Serotonin; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2015 |
Organ Co-Relationship in Tryptophan Metabolism and Factors That Govern the Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide from Tryptophan.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase; 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Animals; Diet; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Kynurenic Acid; Liver; Niacinamide; Nutritional Status; Pentosyltransferases; Quinolinic Acid; Tryptophan; Vitamin B Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 2018 |
3 trial(s) available for tryptophan and xanthurenic acid
Article | Year |
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Vitamin B6 status and static muscle function. 2 case reports.
Topics: Adult; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Menstruation; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Pyridoxine; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1984 |
The clinical significance of disordered renal excretion of xanthurenic acid in depressive patients.
Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Time Factors; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1981 |
Tryptophan metabolites, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and their influence on the recurrence rate of superficial bladder cancer. Results of a prospective, randomised phase III study performed by the EORTC GU Group. EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative G
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Double-Blind Method; Europe; Female; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Pyridoxine; Tryptophan; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Xanthurenates | 1995 |
93 other study(ies) available for tryptophan and xanthurenic acid
Article | Year |
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Alteration of mice L-tryptophan metabolism by the organophosphorous acid triester diazinon.
Topics: Animals; Arylformamidase; Diazinon; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Liver; Male; Mice; Models, Biological; NAD; Quinolinic Acid; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Oxygenase; Xanthurenates | 1992 |
Effect of vitamin B-6 deficiency on fasting plasma homocysteine concentrations.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Body Weight; Eating; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1992 |
Tryptophan metabolism in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Liver; Male; Mice; Niacinamide; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Serotonin; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1991 |
Tryptophan and its metabolites in a family with Hartnup disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Hartnup Disease; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Kynurenine; Male; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1991 |
Insensitivity of the tryptophan-load test to marginal vitamin B-6 intake in rats.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Pyridoxine; Rats; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1991 |
Kynurenines in the regulation of behavior in insects.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animal Communication; Animals; Bees; Behavior, Animal; Calmodulin; Drosophila melanogaster; Eye Color; Genes; Genotype; Insecta; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Learning; Phenothiazines; Stimulation, Chemical; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1991 |
On kynureninase activity.
Topics: Animals; Apoenzymes; Benzothiazoles; Cysteine; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; Dithiothreitol; Enzyme Activation; Hydrolases; Kynurenine; Liver; Magnesium; Male; Phenylpyruvic Acids; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Xanthurenates | 1991 |
Inhibition of tryptophan----niacin metabolism by dietary leucine and by leucine and 2-oxo-isocaproate in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Depression, Chemical; Dietary Proteins; Keto Acids; Kynurenine; Leucine; Liver; NADP; Niacin; Niacinamide; Pellagra; Rats; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1991 |
Tryptophan metabolic studies in patients with presenile cataracts.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cataract; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Male; Pyridoxine; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1990 |
Effects of a dietary excess of leucine and of the addition of leucine and 2-oxo-isocaproate on the metabolism of tryptophan and niacin in isolated rat liver cells.
Topics: Animals; Caproates; In Vitro Techniques; Keto Acids; Kynurenine; Leucine; Liver; Male; NAD; Niacin; Niacinamide; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1989 |
[Studies of tryptophan metabolism in cancer of the urinary bladder].
Topics: Humans; Kynurenine; Risk Factors; Tryptophan; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Xanthurenates | 1989 |
Kynurenine metabolism and xanthurenic acid formation in vitamin B6-deficient rat after tryptophan injection.
Topics: Animals; Hydrolases; Kidney; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Liver; Lyases; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Transaminases; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1989 |
Effect of tryptophan metabolites on the activities of rat liver pyridoxal kinase and pyridoxamine 5-phosphate oxidase in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Liver; Male; Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; Phosphotransferases; Picolinic Acids; Pyridoxal Kinase; Pyridoxaminephosphate Oxidase; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tryptamines; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1985 |
The correlation between certain tryptophan metabolites and the N-nitrosamine content in the urine of bilharzial bladder cancer patients.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Adult; Aminohippuric Acids; Colorimetry; Humans; Indican; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrosamines; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Tryptophan; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Xanthurenates | 1986 |
Enzymatic studies on tryptophan metabolism disorder in rats chronically exposed to carbon disulfide.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Carbon Disulfide; Female; Kynurenic Acid; Lyases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Transaminases; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Oxygenase; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1988 |
[Studies on tryptophan metabolism in calcium oxalate urolithiasis].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Calcium Oxalate; Genetic Carrier Screening; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Pyridoxine; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1988 |
Vitamin B6 status of women suffering from premenstrual syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Middle Aged; Premenstrual Syndrome; Pyridoxal; Pyridoxal Kinase; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Pyridoxic Acid; Pyridoxine; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1986 |
Effect of scalding on tryptophan catabolism in rats.
Topics: Animals; Burns; Kynurenine; Male; Rats; Serotonin; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Oxygenase; Xanthurenates | 1985 |
Aromatic amino acid metabolites as potential protein binding inhibitors in human uremic plasma.
Topics: Amino Acids; Blood Proteins; Hippurates; Humans; Indoles; Kynurenic Acid; Protein Binding; Quinolines; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Serum Albumin; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tryptophan; Uremia; Warfarin; Xanthurenates | 1985 |
Differences in vitamin B6 status indicator responses between young and middle-aged women fed constant diets with two levels of vitamin B6.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Middle Aged; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Pyridoxic Acid; Pyridoxine; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1985 |
[Determination of urinary xanthurenic acid after oral loading of L-tryptophan in 88 cases of photodermatosis].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Humans; Hydroa Vacciniforme; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Photosensitivity Disorders; Pyridoxine; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1984 |
Studies on the urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid in diabetics.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1984 |
Quantitation of xanthurenic acid in rabbit serum using high performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Kynurenic Acid; Rabbits; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1984 |
Therapy of side effects of oral contraceptive agents with vitamin B6.
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Depressive Disorder; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glucose; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Menopause; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Premenstrual Syndrome; Progesterone Congeners; Pyridoxine; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1982 |
Induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse urinary bladder by L-tryptophan and some of its metabolites.
Topics: Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase; Animals; Carboxy-Lyases; Diet; Enzyme Induction; Epithelium; Female; Hyperplasia; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Ornithine Decarboxylase; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Quinolines; Stereoisomerism; Tryptophan; Urinary Bladder; Xanthurenates | 1982 |
Alterations of the tryptophan--nicotinic acid metabolism in vitiligo.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Adult; Female; Humans; Hydrolases; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase; Male; Melanins; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Models, Biological; Niacin; Tryptophan; Vitiligo; Xanthurenates | 1982 |
Structural requirements for altering the L-tryptophan metabolism in mice by organophosphorous and methylcarbamate insecticides.
Topics: Animals; Arylformamidase; Carbamates; Insecticides; Kynurenine; Liver; Male; Mice; Organophosphorus Compounds; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1993 |
Pentafluorobenzylation method for quantification of acidic tryptophan metabolites using electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry.
Topics: Fluorobenzenes; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Picolinic Acids; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Quinolinic Acid; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1995 |
Effects of vitamin B6 deficiency on the conversion ratio of tryptophan to niacin.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Kynurenic Acid; Niacin; Niacinamide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Weight Gain; Xanthurenates | 1995 |
Taurine and kynureninase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Humans; Hydrolases; Liver; Ostreidae; Rats; Taurine; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1996 |
Determination of the 8-methyl ether of xanthurenic acid in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Ethers; Humans; Kynurenine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Silicon Dioxide; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1996 |
Transamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine to produce xanthurenic acid: a major branch pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, during larval development.
Topics: Aedes; Animals; Kynurenine; Larva; Transaminases; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1997 |
Relationships between methoxyindole and kynurenine pathway metabolites in plasma and urine in children suffering from febrile and epileptic seizures.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Circadian Rhythm; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Melatonin; Seizures, Febrile; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1997 |
Increased conversion ratio of tryptophan to niacin in severe food restriction.
Topics: Animals; Food Deprivation; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Niacin; Niacinamide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1998 |
The analgesic effects of tryptophan and its metabolites in the rat.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Hypolipidemic Agents; Iron Chelating Agents; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Pain; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1998 |
Changes in membrane fluidity induced by tryptophan and its metabolites.
Topics: Animals; Cell Cycle; Cell Membrane; Cholesterol; Fatty Acids; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Liver; Male; Membrane Fluidity; Membrane Lipids; Phospholipids; Picolinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1999 |
Radical scavenging properties of tryptophan metabolites. Estimation of their radical reactivity.
Topics: Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Indoles; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Lipid Peroxidation; Models, Chemical; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1999 |
Pathological apoptosis by xanthurenic acid, a tryptophan metabolite: activation of cell caspases but not cytoskeleton breakdown.
Topics: Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Caspases; Cytoskeleton; Enzyme Activation; Humans; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2001 |
Influence of adenine-induced renal failure on tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Adenine; Animals; Kidney; Kynurenic Acid; Liver; Male; NAD; Niacin; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Renal Insufficiency; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2001 |
Tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway in experimental chronic renal failure.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Creatinine; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors; Tryptophan; Urea; Xanthurenates | 2002 |
Accumulation of toxic products degradation of kynurenine in hemodialyzed patients.
Topics: Female; Humans; Kidney; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Quinolinic Acid; Renal Dialysis; Tryptophan; Uremia; Xanthurenates | 2001 |
Growth-promoting activity of pyrazinoic acid, a putative active compound of antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide, in niacin-deficient rats through the inhibition of ACMSD activity.
Topics: Animals; Antitubercular Agents; Carboxy-Lyases; Diet; Eating; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kidney; Kynurenic Acid; Liver; Male; NAD; Niacin; Pyrazinamide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tryptophan; Weight Gain; Xanthurenates | 2002 |
[Urinary elimination of xanthurenic acid after oral administration of tryptophan in various pathologic conditions of children].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Body Fluids; Child; Humans; Tryptophan; Urine; Vitamin B 6; Xanthurenates | 1953 |
[Urinary elimination of xanthurenic acid after tryptophan overload in relation to various hormonal conditions].
Topics: Climacteric; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Menopause; Pregnancy; Tryptophan; Urine; Xanthurenates | 1955 |
Xanthurenic acid, an abnormal metabolite of tryptophan and the diabetic symptoms caused in albino rats by its production.
Topics: Animals; Biochemical Phenomena; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Rats; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1955 |
[Studies of a test for detection of vitamin B6 deficiency; quantitative determination of xanthurenic acid in urine after administration of d, 1-tryptophan].
Topics: Body Fluids; Humans; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1957 |
Experiments of chronic diabetic symptoms caused by xanthurenic acid, an abnormal metabolite of tryptophan.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Humans; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1957 |
Production of xanthurenic acid from tryptophan in pregnancy and in various states of nitrogen balance.
Topics: Female; Nitrogen; Pregnancy; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1957 |
[Vitamin B6 deficiency and urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid and other tryptophan metabolites in diseases. I. Vitamin B6 deficiency conditions in skin diseases].
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Skin Diseases; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1958 |
[Vitamin B6 deficiency and urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid and other tryptophan metabolites in sick persons. II. Influence of isonicotinic acid hydrazide on vitamin B6 metabolism and vitamin B6 deficiency conditions in pregnant persons].
Topics: Biochemical Phenomena; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Pregnancy; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1958 |
[Tryptophan loading and vitamin B6 deficiency. I. Excretion of xanthurenic acid, kynurenine, trigonelline amide, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in various diseases].
Topics: Alkaloids; Amides; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Indoleacetic Acids; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Niacin; Nicotinic Acids; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1961 |
[Excretion of xanthurenic acid in children after tryptophan loading tests].
Topics: Biological Transport; Body Fluids; Child; Humans; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1963 |
[QUANTITY OF XANTHURENIC ACID IN THE URINE OF CHILDREN WHO ARE APPARENTLY HEALTHY].
Topics: Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Body Fluids; Child; Health; Humans; Tryptophan; Urine; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1963 |
[DETERMINATION OF XANTHURENIC ACID AFTER THE TRYPTOPHAN LOADING TEST IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOTICS TREATED WITH ISONIAZID].
Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Humans; Isoniazid; Metabolism; Tryptophan; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Xanthurenates | 1963 |
[PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON THE EXCRETION OF XANTHURENIC ACID AND KYNURENIC ACID AFTER TRYPTOPHAN LOADING].
Topics: Adolescent; Biological Transport; Body Fluids; Child; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kynurenic Acid; Pharmacology; Tryptophan; Urine; Xanthurenates | 1964 |
[QUANTIFICATION OF XANTHURENIC ACID IN THE URINE OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS UNDERGOING TREATMENT WITH ISONIAZID].
Topics: Body Fluids; Isoniazid; Metabolism; Tryptophan; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Urine; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1964 |
[Zinc binding capacity and glycemic effect of xanthurenic acid kynurenine and tryptophan].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Humans; Kynurenine; Transcription, Genetic; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates; Zinc | 1954 |
A study of urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid and other tryptophan metabolites in human beings with pyridoxine deficiency induced by desoxypyridoxine.
Topics: Humans; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates | 1951 |
The Pseudomonas siderophore quinolobactin is synthesized from xanthurenic acid, an intermediate of the kynurenine pathway.
Topics: Cloning, Molecular; DNA Transposable Elements; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Iron; Iron Chelating Agents; Kynurenine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Quinolines; Siderophores; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2004 |
The effects of phthalate esters on the tryptophan-niacin metabolism.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Animals; Dibutyl Phthalate; Diethylhexyl Phthalate; Kynurenic Acid; Liver; Male; NAD; Niacin; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Phthalic Acids; Plasticizers; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2003 |
The effects of blood feeding and exogenous supply of tryptophan on the quantities of xanthurenic acid in the salivary glands of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae).
Topics: Animals; Anopheles; Blood; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Male; Mice; Oocysts; Plasmodium berghei; Salivary Glands; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2006 |
The tryptophan oxidation pathway in mosquitoes with emphasis on xanthurenic acid biosynthesis.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Cloning, Molecular; Cluster Analysis; Computational Biology; Culicidae; Evolution, Molecular; Kynurenine; Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Phylogeny; Transaminases; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Oxygenase; Xanthurenates | 2007 |
The immune effects of TRYCATs (tryptophan catabolites along the IDO pathway): relevance for depression - and other conditions characterized by tryptophan depletion induced by inflammation.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Depressive Disorder; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inflammation; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Quinolinic Acid; Reference Values; Tryptophan; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Xanthurenates | 2007 |
Effect of nicotinamide administration on the tryptophan-nicotinamide pathway in humans.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Feedback, Physiological; Female; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Niacinamide; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Quinolinic Acid; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2007 |
Simultaneous determination of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic and xanthurenic acids in honey by liquid chromatography with diode array, fluorescence and tandem mass spectrometry detection.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Formates; Honey; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Methanol; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spain; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2011 |
Xanthurenic acid is an endogenous substrate for the silkworm cytosolic sulfotransferase, bmST1.
Topics: Animals; Bombyx; Gene Expression; Insect Proteins; Larva; Ovum; Pupa; Sulfotransferases; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2012 |
Apicomplexan parasite, Eimeria falciformis, co-opts host tryptophan catabolism for life cycle progression in mouse.
Topics: Animals; Coccidiosis; Culicidae; Eimeria; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hypolipidemic Agents; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Interferon-gamma; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Knockout; Th1 Cells; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2012 |
On the autofluorescence of fingermarks.
Topics: beta Carotene; Bilirubin; Chlorophyll; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dermatoglyphics; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Fluorescence; Humans; Kynurenine; Light; Phenylalanine; Pheophytins; Protoporphyrins; Riboflavin; Sebum; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Sweat; Thiamine; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin B 6; Xanthurenates | 2012 |
A community-based study on determinants of circulating markers of cellular immune activation and kynurenines: the Hordaland Health Study.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Aged; Aging; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Neopterin; Norway; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Reference Values; Smoking; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2013 |
The niacin required for optimum growth can be synthesized from L-tryptophan in growing mice lacking tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Female; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Niacin; Niacinamide; Quinolinic Acid; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Oxygenase; Xanthurenates | 2013 |
Large amounts of picolinic acid are lethal but small amounts increase the conversion of tryptophan-nicotinamide in rats.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Carboxy-Lyases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Iron Chelating Agents; Kynurenic Acid; Liver; Male; Niacinamide; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Pentosyltransferases; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2014 |
Tryptophan catabolism and vitamin B-6 status are affected by gender and lifestyle factors in healthy young adults.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Adolescent; Adult; Arginine; Biomarkers; Dietary Supplements; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Life Style; Male; Methionine; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6; Xanthurenates; Young Adult | 2015 |
Increased Plasma Levels of Xanthurenic and Kynurenic Acids in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inflammation; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Stress, Physiological; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Oxygenase; Xanthurenates | 2015 |
Free-radical scavenging by tryptophan and its metabolites through electron transfer based processes.
Topics: Electron Transport; Free Radical Scavengers; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Models, Molecular; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2015 |
Associations between intake of fish and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and plasma metabolites related to the kynurenine pathway in patients with coronary artery disease.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Aged; Animals; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Coronary Artery Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Energy Intake; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Fishes; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Neopterin; Norway; Nutrition Assessment; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Seafood; Triglycerides; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2017 |
On the autofluorescence of aged fingermarks.
Topics: Benzaldehydes; Carbolines; Chloroform; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dermatoglyphics; Fluorescence; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Indoleacetic Acids; Methanol; Solvents; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Time Factors; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2016 |
Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of tryptophan and its metabolites in in vitro assay.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Growth Inhibitors; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-6; Kynurenine; Melatonin; Milk, Human; Neuroglia; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity; Quinolinic Acid; Recombinant Proteins; Tryptophan; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Xanthurenates | 2016 |
Altered serum levels of kynurenine metabolites in patients affected by cluster headache.
Topics: Adult; Cluster Headache; Female; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Quinolinic Acid; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2015 |
Altered kynurenine pathway metabolites in serum of chronic migraine patients.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Quinolinic Acid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2015 |
Post-Bariatric Surgery Changes in Quinolinic and Xanthurenic Acid Concentrations Are Associated with Glucose Homeostasis.
Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Glucose; Homeostasis; Humans; Kynurenine; Metabolome; Quinolinic Acid; Serotonin; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2016 |
Urinary metabolomics of young Italian autistic children supports abnormal tryptophan and purine metabolism.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coenzyme A; Dysbiosis; Female; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Indoleacetic Acids; Italy; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Melatonin; Metabolomics; Pantothenic Acid; Purines; Pyrimidines; Quinolinic Acid; Riboflavin; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6; Xanthurenates | 2016 |
Deficit Schizophrenia Is Characterized by Defects in IgM-Mediated Responses to Tryptophan Catabolites (TRYCATs): a Paradigm Shift Towards Defects in Natural Self-Regulatory Immune Responses Coupled with Mucosa-Derived TRYCAT Pathway Activation.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulin M; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Quinolinic Acid; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Signal Transduction; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2018 |
Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Alzheimer's Disease.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition Disorders; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Quinolinic Acid; Signal Transduction; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2017 |
Simultaneous determination of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to acute myocardial infarction monitoring.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Linear Models; Myocardial Infarction; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serotonin; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2018 |
The Effects of Tryptophan Catabolites on Negative Symptoms and Deficit Schizophrenia are Partly Mediated by Executive Impairments: Results of Partial Least Squares Path Modeling.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cognition Disorders; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin M; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Picolinic Acids; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Quinolinic Acid; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates; Young Adult | 2018 |
Tryptophan and Kynurenine Metabolites: Are They Related to Depression?
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Suicide, Attempted; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2019 |
A New Schizophrenia Model: Immune Activation is Associated with the Induction of Different Neurotoxic Products which Together Determine Memory Impairments and Schizophrenia Symptom Dimensions.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Memory Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests; Schizophrenia; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2019 |
Serum xanthurenic acid levels: Reduced in subjects at ultra high risk for psychosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Prodromal Symptoms; Psychotic Disorders; Quinolinic Acid; Risk; Schizophrenia; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates; Young Adult | 2019 |
Peripheral tryptophan, serotonin, kynurenine, and their metabolites in major depression: A case-control study.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Picolinic Acids; Serotonin; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2020 |
Tryptophan metabolite concentrations in depressed patients before and after electroconvulsive therapy.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Affect; Case-Control Studies; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2020 |
Comprehensive assessment of multiple tryptophan metabolites as potential biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; B7-H1 Antigen; Biomarkers; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Female; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Progression-Free Survival; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; ROC Curve; Sensitivity and Specificity; Treatment Outcome; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2021 |
Rickettsial pathogen uses arthropod tryptophan pathway metabolites to evade reactive oxygen species in tick cells.
Topics: Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Animals; Hemin; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Hydrolases; Ixodes; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; NADP; Reactive Oxygen Species; RNA Interference; Transaminases; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Oxygenase; Up-Regulation; Xanthurenates | 2020 |
The impact of bariatric surgery on serum tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrectomy; Gastric Bypass; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Kynurenine; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Prospective Studies; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2022 |