tryptophan has been researched along with flavin mononucleotide in 46 studies
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 22 (47.83) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 9 (19.57) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 8 (17.39) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 5 (10.87) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 2 (4.35) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
---|---|
Drickamer, HG; Hook, JW; Li, TM; Weber, G | 1 |
Dailey, HA; Proulx, KL | 1 |
Churchich, JE; Kwok, F; Kwon, O | 1 |
Duch, DS; Nichol, CA; Ozaki, Y | 1 |
Nichol, CA; Ozaki, Y; Reinhard, JF | 1 |
Hopkins, TR; Spikes, JD | 1 |
Penzer, GR; Radda, GK | 1 |
Veeger, C; Visser, J | 1 |
Ryan, J; Tollin, G | 1 |
Andrews, LJ; MacKNIGHT, ML; Ryan, J; Tollin, G | 1 |
McCormick, DB | 1 |
MacKenzie, RE; McCormick, DB; Wu, FY | 1 |
Kakemi, K; Nakano, M; Sezaki, H; Suzuki, E | 1 |
Draper, RD; Ingraham, LL | 1 |
D'Anna, JA; Tollin, G | 1 |
Yamanaka, N | 1 |
Risler, JL | 1 |
McCormick, DB; Ying-Hsiueh Wu, F | 1 |
Wilson, JE | 1 |
Pereira, JF; Tollin, G | 1 |
Hasegawa, T; Suzuki, T; Yamada, K | 1 |
Li, Z; Meighen, EA | 1 |
Genzor, CG; Perales-Alcón, A; Romero, A; Sancho, J | 1 |
Geoghegan, SM; Mayhew, SG; O'Connell, DP; O'Farrell, PA; Yalloway, GN | 1 |
Basran, J; Hille, R; Mewies, M; Packman, LC; Scrutton, NS | 1 |
Honjo, M; Horiike, K; Ishida, T | 1 |
Gómez-Moreno, C; Lostao, A; Mayhew, SG; Sancho, J | 1 |
Bornemann, S; Koch, MH; Macheroux, P; Schönbrunn, E; Svergun, DI; Thorneley, RN; Volkov, VV | 1 |
Feyereisen, R; Murataliev, MB | 1 |
Hubbard, PA; Kasper, CB; Kim, JJ; Paschke, R; Shen, AL | 1 |
Murray, TA; Swenson, RP | 1 |
Foster, MP; Murray, TA; Swenson, RP | 1 |
YAGI, K; YAMABE, S | 1 |
ICHIKAWA, Y; YAMANO, T | 1 |
STEENBERGEN, CL; TERPSTRA, W | 1 |
Alagaratnam, S; Canters, GW; Cavazzini, D; Dijkstra, BW; Pijning, T; Rossi, GL; van Berkel, WJ; Van Dongen, WM; van Mierlo, CP; van Pouderoyen, G | 1 |
Duurkens, RH; Geertsma, ER; Permentier, HP; Slotboom, DJ; Tol, MB | 1 |
Cerniglia, CE; Chen, H; Chen, S; Kweon, O; Xu, H | 1 |
Bacher, A; Eisenreich, W; Fischer, M; Joshi, M; Richter, G; Römisch-Margl, W; Weber, S | 1 |
Gustafsson, FS; Meints, CE; Scrutton, NS; Wolthers, KR | 1 |
Grininger, M; Oesterhelt, D; Staudt, H; Wachtveitl, J | 1 |
Bae, YJ; Kim, JH; Lee, BJ; Lee, I; Lee, J; Lee, KY | 1 |
Kokpol, S; Lugsanangarm, K; Nueangaudom, A; Nunthaboot, N; Pianwanit, S; Tanaka, F | 1 |
Chang, CW; Guo, L; Guo, X; He, TF; Wang, L; Zhong, D | 1 |
Jancura, D; Kožár, T; Nemergut, M; Petrenčáková, M; Schwer, MS; Sedlák, E; Varhač, R | 1 |
Anstöter, CS; Dessent, CEH; Uleanya, KO | 1 |
1 review(s) available for tryptophan and flavin mononucleotide
Article | Year |
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Tryptophan 13C nuclear-spin polarization generated by intraprotein electron transfer in a LOV2 domain of the blue-light receptor phototropin.
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Cryptochromes; Electron Transport; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavoproteins; Light; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Tryptophan | 2009 |
45 other study(ies) available for tryptophan and flavin mononucleotide
Article | Year |
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Effects of pressure upon the fluorescence of the riboflavin binding protein and its flavin mononucleotide complex.
Topics: Bromosuccinimide; Carrier Proteins; Egg White; Flavin Mononucleotide; Methanol; Models, Chemical; Pressure; Protein Denaturation; Riboflavin; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan | 1976 |
Characteristics of murine protoporphyrinogen oxidase.
Topics: Animals; Circular Dichroism; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavoproteins; Kinetics; Mice; Mitochondria, Liver; Mitochondrial Proteins; Oxidoreductases; Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Tryptophan; Urea | 1992 |
Catalytic and regulatory properties of native and chymotrypsin-treated pyridoxine-5-phosphate oxidase.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chymotrypsin; Flavin Mononucleotide; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Peptide Fragments; Pyridoxaminephosphate Oxidase; Sheep; Tryptophan | 1991 |
Utilization of dihydroflavin mononucleotide and superoxide anion for the decyclization of L-tryptophan by murine epididymal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Catalase; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Epididymis; Flavin Mononucleotide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoelectric Point; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Oxygenases; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxides; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Oxygenase | 1987 |
Cofactor activity of dihydroflavin mononucleotide and tetrahydrobiopterin for murine epididymal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.
Topics: Animals; Biopterins; Epididymis; Flavin Mononucleotide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Oxygenases; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Oxygenase | 1986 |
Conformational changes of lysozyme during photodynamic inactivation.
Topics: Buffers; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Egg White; Flavin Mononucleotide; Fluorescence; Hot Temperature; Methylene Blue; Muramidase; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptide Hydrolases; Phosphates; Protein Denaturation; Radiation Effects; Staining and Labeling; Tryptophan | 1970 |
The chemistry of flavines and flavorproteins. Photoreduction of flavines by amino acids.
Topics: Aldehydes; Benzene Derivatives; Carbon Dioxide; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Edetic Acid; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Flavins; Glycine; Kinetics; Light; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenylacetates; Potassium Iodide; Riboflavin; Serotonin; Temperature; Tryptophan; Urea | 1968 |
Relation between conformations and activities of lipoamide dehydrogenase. IV. Apoenzyme structure and flavin binding aspects.
Topics: Adenine; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chloromercuribenzoates; Cold Temperature; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Diphosphates; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Flavins; Fluorometry; Halogens; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Time Factors; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Urea | 1970 |
Flavine-protein interactions in flavoenzymes. Effect of chemical modification of tryptophan residues upon flavine mononucleotide binding and protein fluorescence in Azotobacter flavodoxin.
Topics: Amino Acids; Apoproteins; Azotobacter; Bacterial Proteins; Benzoates; Binding Sites; Bromides; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Circular Dichroism; Electrophoresis, Disc; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavoproteins; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Succinates; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tryptophan | 1973 |
Flavin-protein interactions in flavoenzymes. Studies of FMN binding in Azotobacter flavodoxin using protein fluorescence lifetime measurements.
Topics: Apoproteins; Azotobacter; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Bromine; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavoproteins; Fluorometry; Kinetics; Lasers; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Succinimides; Tryptophan; Urea | 1973 |
The tryptophans in flavodoxin and synthetic flavinyl peptides characterized by chemical and photochemical oxidations.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Clostridium; Flavin Mononucleotide; Fluorometry; Light; Peptides; Peptostreptococcus; Pyrrolidinones; Radiation Effects; Tryptophan | 1970 |
Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation-reduction reactions between pyridine nucleotides and flavins.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Flavins; Hot Temperature; Hydrocarbons; Kinetics; Nucleotides; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptides; Phenylalanine; Pyridines; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1970 |
Effect of complex formation on the intestinal absorption of tryptophan.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Flavin Mononucleotide; Intestinal Absorption; Kinetics; Male; Methionine; Perfusion; Rats; Spectrophotometry; Theophylline; Tryptophan | 1970 |
The affinity of flavin semiquinones for certain aromatic compounds and disulfides.
Topics: Amino Acids; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Flavin Mononucleotide; Glutathione; Methods; Nicotinic Acids; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenylalanine; Picolinic Acids; Pyridines; Quinones; Riboflavin; Serotonin; Sulfides; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1970 |
Protein fluorescence and solvent perturbation spectra as probes of flavin--protein interactions in the Shethna flavoprotein.
Topics: Azotobacter; Bacterial Proteins; Circular Dichroism; Energy Transfer; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavins; Fluorescence; Free Radicals; Glycols; Kinetics; Oxidation-Reduction; Quinones; Solvents; Spectrophotometry; Spectrum Analysis; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1971 |
Effect of dimethyl sulphoxide on charge transfer complexes between serotonin-, tryptophan and flavin mononucleotide under low temperatures.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Color; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Flavin Mononucleotide; Freezing; Serotonin; Spectrophotometry; Temperature; Tryptophan | 1971 |
Fluorescence and phosphorescence of yeast L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome b2). Relative orientations of the prosthetic heme and flavin.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cytochromes; Energy Transfer; Flavin Mononucleotide; Fluorescence; Fluorometry; Heme; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Luminescent Measurements; Mathematics; Models, Structural; Porphyrins; Protein Binding; Saccharomyces; Temperature; Tryptophan | 1971 |
Flavin-sensitized photooxidations of tryptophan and tyrosine.
Topics: Acetates; Colorimetry; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Flavins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Light; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptides; Photochemistry; Radiation Effects; Temperature; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1971 |
Studies on the electronic nature of flavin-indole and flavin-purine complexes.
Topics: Caffeine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Indoles; Nucleosides; Purines; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan | 1966 |
Molecular complexes of flavins: a comparison of flavin-indole and flavin-phenol interactions.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indoles; Naphthalenes; Riboflavin; Spectrophotometry; Spectrum Analysis; Temperature; Tryptophan | 1967 |
Interaction between rat lactic dehydrogenase M4 isozyme and vitamin B2 derivatives.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Binding Sites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Flavin Mononucleotide; Histidine; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1982 |
Tryptophan 250 on the alpha subunit plays an important role in flavin and aldehyde binding to bacterial luciferase. Effects of W-->Y mutations on catalytic function.
Topics: Aldehydes; Binding Sites; Enterobacteriaceae; Fatty Acids; Flavin Mononucleotide; Kinetics; Luciferases; Luminescent Measurements; Mutagenesis; Oxidation-Reduction; Point Mutation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1995 |
Closure of a tyrosine/tryptophan aromatic gate leads to a compact fold in apo flavodoxin.
Topics: Apoproteins; Crystallography, X-Ray; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavodoxin; Models, Molecular; Protein Folding; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1996 |
Regulation of the redox potentials of flavodoxins: modification of the flavin binding.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Desulfovibrio vulgaris; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavodoxin; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroquinones; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Point Mutation; Recombinant Proteins; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1996 |
Involvement of a flavin iminoquinone methide in the formation of 6-hydroxyflavin mononucleotide in trimethylamine dehydrogenase: a rationale for the existence of 8alpha-methyl and C6-linked covalent flavoproteins.
Topics: Binding Sites; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavins; Flavoproteins; Indolequinones; Indoles; Isomerism; Kinetics; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; Protein Binding; Quinones; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Tryptophan | 1997 |
Semi-micro-scale frontal gel chromatography of interacting systems of a protein and small molecules: binding of warfarin, tryptophan, or FMN to albumin, and of o-nitrophenol to catechol 2,3-dioxygenase.
Topics: Animals; Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase; Cattle; Chromatography, Gel; Dioxygenases; Flavin Mononucleotide; Humans; Ligands; Nitrophenols; Oxygenases; Protein Binding; Serum Albumin; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Tryptophan; Warfarin | 1997 |
Differential stabilization of the three FMN redox forms by tyrosine 94 and tryptophan 57 in flavodoxin from Anabaena and its influence on the redox potentials.
Topics: Anabaena; Computer Simulation; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavodoxin; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oxidation-Reduction; Point Mutation; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1997 |
Evidence for a major structural change in Escherichia coli chorismate synthase induced by flavin and substrate binding.
Topics: Circular Dichroism; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Flavin Mononucleotide; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Scattering, Radiation; Shikimic Acid; Solubility; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Trypsin; Tryptophan; Ultraviolet Rays | 1998 |
Functional interactions in cytochrome P450BM3. Evidence that NADP(H) binding controls redox potentials of the flavin cofactors.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Binding, Competitive; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Electron Transport; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Flavins; Flavoproteins; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; NAD; NADP; NADP Transhydrogenases; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protons; Rats; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tryptophan | 2000 |
NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase. Structural basis for hydride and electron transfer.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Catalysis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Electron Transport; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; NADP; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; Niacinamide; Protein Conformation; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Serine; Spectrophotometry; Tryptophan | 2001 |
Mechanism of flavin mononucleotide cofactor binding to the Desulfovibrio vulgaris flavodoxin. 1. Kinetic evidence for cooperative effects associated with the binding of inorganic phosphate and the 5'-phosphate moiety of the cofactor.
Topics: Alanine; Apoproteins; Asparagine; Binding Sites; Desulfovibrio vulgaris; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavodoxin; Histidine; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Phosphates; Protein Binding; Riboflavin; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thermodynamics; Threonine; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 2003 |
Mechanism of flavin mononucleotide cofactor binding to the Desulfovibrio vulgaris flavodoxin. 2. Evidence for cooperative conformational changes involving tryptophan 60 in the interaction between the phosphate- and ring-binding subsites.
Topics: Apoproteins; Binding, Competitive; Circular Dichroism; Desulfovibrio vulgaris; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavins; Flavodoxin; Macromolecular Substances; Models, Molecular; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Phosphates; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins; Riboflavin; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tryptophan | 2003 |
Interaction between riboflavin and rutin.
Topics: Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavonoids; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Riboflavin; Rutin; Spectrophotometry; Tryptophan; Vitamins | 1961 |
STUDIES ON THE PHOTOINACTIVATION OF D-AMINOACID OXIDASE.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Coloring Agents; D-Amino-Acid Oxidase; Diphosphates; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glutathione; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Light; Methylene Blue; Oxidoreductases; Riboflavin; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Temperature; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 1963 |
INFLUENCE OF SOME INHIBITING AND ACTIVATING SUBSTANCES ON THE LIGHT REACTION IN VITRO OF PHOTOBACTERIUM PHOSPHOREUM.
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Benzoates; Cysteine; Ferrocyanides; Flavin Mononucleotide; Fluorescence; Hydrogen Peroxide; In Vitro Techniques; Light; Luciferases; Oxidoreductases; Pharmacology; Photobacterium; Research; Spectrophotometry; Tryptophan | 1964 |
A crystallographic study of Cys69Ala flavodoxin II from Azotobacter vinelandii: structural determinants of redox potential.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Azotobacter vinelandii; Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cysteine; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavodoxin; Glycine; Hydrogen Bonding; Leucine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Conformation; Protein Folding; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Structural Homology, Protein; Tryptophan | 2005 |
Flavin binding to the high affinity riboflavin transporter RibU.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Flavin Mononucleotide; Lactococcus lactis; Membrane Transport Proteins; Protein Binding; Recombinant Proteins; Riboflavin; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Tryptophan | 2007 |
Functional role of Trp-105 of Enterococcus faecalis azoreductase (AzoA) as resolved by structural and mutational analysis.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Binding Sites; Cloning, Molecular; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Flavin Mononucleotide; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Nitroreductases; Sequence Alignment; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Tryptophan | 2008 |
Tryptophan 697 modulates hydride and interflavin electron transfer in human methionine synthase reductase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Biocatalysis; Electron Transport; Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Flavins; Flavoproteins; Humans; Hydrogen; Kinetics; Mutant Proteins; NAD; NADP; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Tryptophan | 2011 |
Ultrafast excited-state deactivation of flavins bound to dodecin.
Topics: Archaeal Proteins; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Evolution, Molecular; Flavin Mononucleotide; Halobacterium salinarum; Protein Binding; Riboflavin; Species Specificity; Tryptophan | 2012 |
Structural characterization of HP1264 reveals a novel fold for the flavin mononucleotide binding protein.
Topics: Binding Sites; Flavin Mononucleotide; Helicobacter pylori; Models, Molecular; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Protein Conformation; Protein Folding; Protein Subunits; Quinone Reductases; Tryptophan | 2013 |
Photoinduced electron transfer modeling to simulate flavoprotein fluorescence decay.
Topics: Carrier Proteins; Desulfovibrio vulgaris; Electron-Transferring Flavoproteins; Flavin Mononucleotide; Fluorescence; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Photochemistry; Solutions; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 2014 |
Femtosecond dynamics of short-range protein electron transfer in flavodoxin.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Desulfovibrio vulgaris; Electrons; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavodoxin; Kinetics; Light; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutant Proteins; Oxidation-Reduction; Photochemical Processes; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 2013 |
Conformational properties of LOV2 domain and its C450A variant within broad pH region.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Avena; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Circular Dichroism; Flavin Mononucleotide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Molecular; Phototropins; Plant Proteins; Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; Protein Domains; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tryptophan | 2020 |
Photodissociative decay pathways of the flavin mononucleotide anion and its complexes with tryptophan and glutamic acid.
Topics: Anions; Flavin Mononucleotide; Glutamic Acid; Protons; Tryptophan | 2023 |