trypanothione has been researched along with spermidine in 184 studies
| Studies (trypanothione) | Trials (trypanothione) | Recent Studies (post-2010) (trypanothione) | Studies (spermidine) | Trials (spermidine) | Recent Studies (post-2010) (spermidine) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 187 | 0 | 47 | 5,643 | 28 | 1,281 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | trypanothione (IC50) | spermidine (IC50) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pyruvate kinase PKM | Homo sapiens (human) | 1.41 |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 9 (4.89) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 44 (23.91) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 80 (43.48) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 43 (23.37) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 8 (4.35) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Bradley, M; Nadeau, K; Walsh, C | 2 |
| Benson, TJ; Borges, A; Douglas, KT; Fairlamb, AH; Garforth, J; McKie, JH | 1 |
| Awad, S; Cerami, A; Held, KD; Henderson, GB | 1 |
| Cerami, A; Fairlamb, AH | 1 |
| Carter, NS; Cunningham, M; Fairlamb, AH; Smith, K | 1 |
| Aboagye-Kwarteng, T; Bailey, S; Fairlamb, AH; Habash, J; Harrop, SJ; Helliwell, JR; Hunter, WN; Smith, K | 1 |
| Berry, A; Cerami, A; Henderson, GB; Hinchliffe, NW; Kominos, D; Kuriyan, J; Murgolo, NJ; Osapay, K; Perham, RN; Scrutton, NS | 1 |
| Bradley, M; Bücheler, US; Walsh, CT | 1 |
| Fairlamb, AH | 2 |
| Fairlamb, AH; Hunter, KJ; Strobos, CA | 1 |
| Cerami, A; Fairlamb, AH; Henderson, GB; Novoa, L; Yamaguchi, M | 1 |
| Becker, K; Jockers-Scherübl, MC; Krauth-Siegel, RL; Schirmer, RH | 1 |
| Cerami, A; Fairlamb, AH; Henderson, GB | 3 |
| Bacchi, CJ; Cerami, A; Fairlamb, AH; Henderson, GB | 1 |
| Fairlamb, AH; Shim, H | 1 |
| Klein, RA; Penketh, PG | 1 |
| Blackburn, P; Cerami, A; Chait, BT; Fairlamb, AH; Ulrich, P | 1 |
| Jacoby, EM; Krauth-Siegel, RL; Schirmer, RH | 1 |
| Aumercier, M; Meziane-Cherif, D; Moutiez, M; Sergheraert, C; Tartar, A | 1 |
| Benson, T; Douglas, KT; el-Waer, AF; Fairlamb, AH; McKie, JH; Smith, K | 1 |
| Carnieri, EG; Docampo, R; Moreno, SN | 1 |
| Benson, T; Douglas, KT; el-Waer, AF | 1 |
| Steenkamp, DJ | 1 |
| Ariyanayagam, MR; Borges, A; Fairlamb, AH; Smith, K | 1 |
| Chan, C; Croft, SL; Douglas, KT; Fairlamb, AH; Garforth, J; Jaouhari, RA; McKie, JH; Yin, H | 1 |
| Lueder, DV; Phillips, MA | 1 |
| Dey, S; Gage, D; Lightbody, J; Mukhopadhyay, R; Ouellette, M; Rosen, BP; Xu, N | 1 |
| Krauth-Siegel, RL; Lüdemann, H | 1 |
| Agosin, M; Maya, JD; Morello, A; Opazo, E; Repetto, Y | 1 |
| Hernández, E; Hurtado, G; Iturbe, A; Ondarza, RN; Tamayo, EM | 1 |
| De Craecker, S; Fairlamb, AH; Haemers, A; Rajan, PK; Smith, K; Verbruggen, C | 1 |
| Flohé, L; Kiess, M; Koenig, K; Menge, U; Wray, V | 1 |
| Agosín, M; Gaule, C; Maya, JD; Morello, A; Ojeda, JM; Repetto, Y; Tellez, R | 1 |
| Flohé, L; Gommel, DU; Kalisz, HM; Kiess, M; Morr, M; Nogoceke, E | 1 |
| Brochu, C; Dey, S; Grondin, K; Haimeur, A; Légaré, D; Mukhopadhyay, R; Ouellette, M; Papadopoulou, B; Rosen, BP; Roy, G | 1 |
| Flohé, L; Gommel, DU; Kalisz, HM; Kiess, M; Nogoceke, E | 1 |
| Barrett, MP; Fairlamb, AH; Manai, F; Nadeau, K; Tetaud, E; Walsh, CT | 1 |
| Flohé, L | 2 |
| Ballatori, N; Wang, W | 1 |
| Fairlamb, AH; Tetaud, E | 1 |
| Blackwell, JM; Fairlamb, AH; Levick, MP; Tetaud, E | 1 |
| Chodacka, B; Steenkamp, DJ; Vogt, R; Weldrick, DP | 1 |
| Berriman, M; Bond, CS; Cunningham, ML; Fairlamb, AH; Hunter, WN; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Austin, SE; Douglas, KT; Khan, MO | 1 |
| Hernandez, E; Hurtado, G; Iturbe, A; Ondarza, M; Ondarza, RN; Tamayo, E | 1 |
| Coombs, GH; Krauth-Siegel, RL | 1 |
| Ariyanayagam, MR; Fairlamb, AH | 2 |
| Guimond, C; Haimeur, A; Mukhopadhyay, R; Ouellette, M; Pilote, S; Poulin, R; Rosen, BP | 1 |
| Flohé, L; Hecht, HJ; Steinert, P | 1 |
| Kelly, JM; Mondragon, A; Temperton, NJ; Wilkinson, SR | 1 |
| Brochu, C; Genest, P; Haimeur, A; Ouellette, M; Papadopoulou, B | 1 |
| D'Silva, C; Daunes, S | 3 |
| Kelly, JM; Meyer, DJ; Wilkinson, SR | 1 |
| Burri, C; Keiser, J; Stich, A | 1 |
| Dormeyer, M; Krauth-Siegel, RL; Ludemann, H; Reckenfelderbäumer, N | 1 |
| Ariyanayagam, MR; Davies, AJ; Hunter, KJ; Mastri, C; Thorborn, DE | 1 |
| Besheya, T; Chan, C; Douglas, KT; Fairlamb, AH; Garforth, J; Jaouhari, R; McKie, JH; Yin, H | 1 |
| Bruns, K; Budde, H; Flohé, L; Guerrero, SA; Hecht, HJ; Hofmann, B; Kalisz, HM; Menge, U; Montemartini, M; Nogoceke, E; Steinert, P; Wissing, JB | 1 |
| Amssoms, K; Augustyns, K; Haemers, A; Rajan, PK; Yamani, A | 1 |
| Bromley, EV; Kelly, JM; Meyer, DJ; Miles, MA; Taylor, MC; Wilkinson, SR | 1 |
| Krauth-Siegel, RL; Schmidt, H | 2 |
| Clayton, CE; Krauth-Siegel, RL; Shahi, SK | 1 |
| Aguilera, S; Iribarne, F; Murphy, M; Paulino, M; Tapia, O | 1 |
| Ariyanayagam, MR; Fairlamb, AH; Oza, SL; Tetaud, E; Warnon, SS | 1 |
| Krauth-Siegel, RL; Schmidt, A | 1 |
| Eggleston, IM; Fairlamb, AH; Hamilton, CJ; Saravanamuthu, A | 1 |
| Hillebrand, H; Krauth-Siegel, RL; Schmidt, A | 1 |
| Steenkamp, DJ; Vogt, RN | 1 |
| Chow, LM; Sun, H; Wong, IL; Yan, S | 1 |
| Bollo, S; Chauvière, G; Maya, JD; Morello, A; Nuñez-Vergara, LJ; Périé, J; Repetto, Y; Squella, JA | 1 |
| Brochu, C; Demicheli, C; Ferreira, Cdos S; Frézard, F; Martins, PS; Ouellette, M | 1 |
| Alphey, MS; Bond, CS; Fairlamb, AH; Gabrielsen, M; Hunter, WN; Leonard, GA; McSweeney, SM; Micossi, E; Ravelli, RB; Tetaud, E | 1 |
| Ariyanayagam, MR; Fairlamb, AH; Mehlert, A; Oza, SL | 1 |
| Krauth-Siegel, RL; Meiering, SK; Schmidt, H | 1 |
| Comini, M; Flohé, L; Menge, U | 1 |
| Ding, K; Li, F; Sun, H; Yan, S | 1 |
| Krauth-Siegel, RL; Liebau, E; Müller, S; Walter, RD | 1 |
| Harmon, MA; Huynh, TT; Huynh, VT; Phillips, MA | 1 |
| Dormeyer, M; Wolf, K | 1 |
| Aitcheson, N; Ariyanayagam, MR; Fairlamb, AH; Oza, SL | 1 |
| Budde, H; Flohé, L; Hecht, HJ; Krumme, D; Menge, U; Ohlenschläger, O; Ross, A; Wissing, J; Wray, V | 1 |
| Irsch, T; Krauth-Siegel, RL | 1 |
| Comini, MA; Flohé, L; Guerrero, SA; Haile, S; Lünsdorf, H; Menge, U | 1 |
| Aguirre, G; Cabrera, E; Cerecetto, H; Denicola, A; Di Maio, R; Duffaut, A; Gil, MJ; González, M; Martínez-Merino, V; Seoane, G | 1 |
| Budde, H; Flohé, L; Piñeyro, MD; Radi, R; Robello, C; Stehr, M; Trujillo, M | 1 |
| de Lourdes Gutiérrez-X, M; Hernández, E; Hurtado, G; Iturbe, A; Ondarza, RN; Rosales, JL; Tamayo, EM; Woolery, M | 1 |
| Ferreira, J; Maya, JD; Morello, A; Pabón, A; Pavani, M; Pino, L; Repetto, Y; Rodríguez, A | 1 |
| Fairlamb, AH; Greig, N; Vickers, TJ | 1 |
| Comini, M; Flohé, L; Menge, U; Wissing, J | 1 |
| Fairlamb, AH; Oza, SL; Shaw, MP; Wyllie, S | 1 |
| Goyal, N; Misra, S; Mittal, MK; Owais, M | 1 |
| Hernández, E; Hurtado, G; Iturbe, A; Ondarza, RN; Tamayo, E; Woolery, M | 1 |
| El Fadili, K; Guimond, C; Légaré, D; Leprohon, P; Messier, N; Ouellette, M; Papadopoulou, B; Roy, G; Saravia, NG; Trudel, N | 1 |
| Ariyanayagam, MR; Fairlamb, AH; Guther, ML; Oza, SL | 1 |
| Adams, MD; Alsmark, UC; Arrowsmith, C; Aslett, MA; Atkin, RJ; Barrell, BG; Barron, AJ; Barry, JD; Bartholomeu, DC; Berriman, M; Blandin, G; Böhme, U; Bringaud, F; Brooks, K; Caler, E; Carrington, M; Cherevach, I; Chillingworth, TJ; Churcher, C; Clark, LN; Corton, CH; Cronin, A; Davies, RM; Djikeng, A; Doggett, J; Donelson, JE; El-Sayed, NM; Embley, TM; Fairlamb, AH; Feldblyum, T; Field, MC; Fraser, A; Fraser, CM; Ghedin, E; Goodhead, I; Gull, K; Haas, B; Hall, N; Hamlin, NE; Hance, Z; Hannick, L; Harper, D; Harris, BR; Hauser, H; Hertz-Fowler, C; Hostetler, J; Hou, L; Ivens, A; Jagels, K; Johnson, D; Johnson, J; Jones, K; Kerhornou, AX; Koo, H; Landfear, S; Larke, N; Larkin, C; Leech, V; Lennard, NJ; Line, A; Lord, A; Macleod, A; Marcello, L; Martin, DM; Melville, SE; Mooney, PJ; Morgan, GW; Moule, S; Mungall, K; Norbertczak, H; Opperdoes, F; Ormond, D; Pai, G; Peacock, CS; Peterson, J; Quail, MA; Rabbinowitsch, E; Rajandream, MA; Reitter, C; Renauld, H; Salzberg, SL; Sanders, M; Schobel, S; Shallom, J; Sharp, S; Simmonds, M; Simpson, AJ; Tait, A; Tallon, L; Tivey, AR; Turner, CM; Ullu, E; Van Aken, S; Walker, D; Wang, S; Wanless, D; White, B; White, O; Whitehead, S; Wickstead, B; Woodward, J; Wortman, J | 1 |
| Caracelli, I; Vega-Teijido, M; Zukerman-Schpector, J | 1 |
| Docampo, R; Ravaschino, EL; Rodriguez, JB | 1 |
| Ariza, A; Armour, KA; Bond, CS; Dixon, MJ; Eggleston, IM; Fairlamb, AH; Greig, N; Vickers, TJ | 1 |
| Hernández, E; Hurtado, G; Iturbe, A; Ondarza, RN; Tamayo, E | 1 |
| Araki, N; Asakura, M; Kozaki, S; Nishimura, K; Ohnishi, Y; Samosomsuk, W; Shima, K; Yamasaki, S; Yanase, T | 1 |
| Fairlamb, AH; Greig, N; Vickers, TJ; Wyllie, S | 1 |
| Fakih, S; Munk, VP; Sadler, PJ; Socorro Murdoch, PD | 1 |
| Alvarez, MN; Irigoín, F; Kelly, JM; Peluffo, G; Piacenza, L; Radi, R; Taylor, MC; Wilkinson, SR | 1 |
| Dirdjaja, N; Krauth-Siegel, RL; Melchers, J; Ruppert, T | 1 |
| Ge, R; Sun, H | 1 |
| Alberg, DG; Czechowicz, JA; Engel, LK; Larson, AM; Spalding, MD; Wilhelm, AK | 1 |
| Heby, O; Persson, L; Rentala, M | 1 |
| Barata, L; Cordeiro, C; Ferreira, AE; Freire, AP; Romão, S; Silva, MS; Tomás, AM | 1 |
| Chiang, SC; Hsu, JY; Lee, ST; Lin, YC | 1 |
| Comini, MA; Krauth-Siegel, LR; Schlecker, T | 1 |
| Ondarza, RN | 1 |
| Comini, MA; Krauth-Siegel, RL | 1 |
| Buchholz, K; Comini, MA; Gromer, S; Krauth-Siegel, RL; Schirmer, RH; Wissenbach, D | 1 |
| Barrett, MP; Burchmore, RJ; Kamleh, A; Scheltema, RA; Watson, DG; Wildridge, D | 1 |
| Boiani, L; Boiani, M; Cazzulo, JJ; Cerecetto, H; Chidichimo, A; Ferreira, A; González, M; Hernández, P; Olea-Azar, C; Porcal, W | 1 |
| Cibils, L; Comini, MA; Flohé, L; Irigoín, F; Radi, R; Wilkinson, SR | 1 |
| Goyeneche-Patino, DA; Saravia, NG; Valderrama, L; Walker, J | 1 |
| Irsch, T; Krauth-Siegel, RL; Rabbani, N; Thornalley, PJ; Wendler, A | 1 |
| Chen, S; Coward, JK; Fairlamb, AH; Oza, SL; Wyllie, S | 1 |
| Coombs, GH; Westrop, GD; Williams, RA | 1 |
| McCloskey, DE; Phillips, MA; Xiao, Y | 1 |
| Comini, MA; Dirdjaja, N; Kaschel, M; Krauth-Siegel, RL | 1 |
| Fairlamb, AH; Oza, SL; Patterson, S; Spinks, D; Thompson, S; Wyllie, S | 1 |
| Albuquerque, MG; Castro, HC; Cirino, JJ; da Rocha Pita, SS; de Alencastro, RB; Rodrigues, CR | 1 |
| Guimond, C; Mukherjee, A; Ouellette, M; Roy, G | 1 |
| Bocedi, A; Dawood, KF; Fabrini, R; Federici, G; Gradoni, L; Pedersen, JZ; Ricci, G | 1 |
| Campillo, NE; Páez, JA; Sánchez-Sancho, F | 1 |
| Colotti, G; Ilari, A | 1 |
| Coleman, MC; Domann, FE; Fitzgerald, MP; Madsen, JM; Radi, R; Spitz, DR; Teoh, ML; Westphal, SG | 1 |
| Moreno-Sánchez, R; Olin-Sandoval, V; Saavedra, E | 1 |
| Berndt, C; Ceylan, S; Dirdjaja, N; Krauth-Siegel, RL; Seidel, V; Ziebart, N | 1 |
| Fairlamb, AH; König, J; Stevens, MF; Wells, G; Wyatt, PG; Wyllie, S | 1 |
| Dubey, VK; Patra, S; Shukla, AK | 1 |
| Diechtierow, M; Krauth-Siegel, RL | 1 |
| Barata, L; Cordeiro, C; Ferreira, AE; Gomes, RA; Ponces Freire, A; Schuldt, L; Sousa Silva, M; Tomás, AM; Weiss, MS | 1 |
| Alberg, DG; Clark, CT; Czechowicz, JA; Duyzend, MH; Ginder-Vogel, M; Johnson, WB; Larson, AM; Leconte, AM; Simmons, SL; Wilhelm, AK; Wills, AW | 1 |
| Becker, I; Berzunza-Cruz, M; Espinoza, B; González-Chávez, Z; Jasso-Chávez, R; Martínez, I; Moreno-Sánchez, R; Olin-Sandoval, V; Saavedra, E | 1 |
| Burchmore, R; Drummelsmith, J; Gomez, MA; Gongora, R; Ouellette, M; Roy, G; Saravia, NG; Vasquez, JJ; Walker, J | 1 |
| Bellanda, M; Comini, MA; Krauth-Siegel, RL | 1 |
| Comini, M; Hugo, M; Manta, B; Medeiros, A; Radi, R; Trujillo, M | 1 |
| Cappel, D; Flohé, L; Jäger, T; Koch, O; Nocker, M; Selzer, PM; Sotriffer, CA | 1 |
| Arias, DG; Chiribao, ML; Gadelha, FR; Guerrero, SA; Iglesias, AA; Marquez, VE; Robello, C | 1 |
| Hernandez, E; Hernandez-Sandoval, F; Hurtado, G; Ondarza, RN; Woolery, M | 1 |
| Bakker, BM; Haanstra, JR; Krauth-Siegel, RL; Leroux, AE | 1 |
| Baiocco, P; Boffi, A; Chiaro, FD; Colotti, G; Fiorillo, A; Ilari, A; Poser, E | 1 |
| Aguilera-Venegas, B; Diaz, MV; López-Muñoz, R; Maya, JD; Salas, CO | 1 |
| Madhubala, R; Roberts, S; Singh, AK; Ullman, B | 1 |
| Barbas, C; Canuto, GA; Castilho-Martins, EA; López-Gonzálvez, Á; Rivas, L; Tavares, MF | 1 |
| Benítez, D; Castro, H; Comini, MA; Flohé, L; Gomes-Alves, AG; Jaeger, T; Passos, J; Sousa, AF; Stuhlmann, F; Tomás, AM | 1 |
| Bhardwaj, R; Das, M; Dubey, VK; Katiyar, SP; Sarma, S; Singh, S; Sundar, D | 1 |
| Alkhaldi, AA; Barrett, MP; Burgess, KE; Changtam, C; Creek, DJ; de Koning, HP; Ibrahim, H; Kim, DH; Quashie, NB; Suksamrarn, A | 1 |
| Beig, M; Garoff, L; Krauth-Siegel, RL; Noack, S; Oellien, F; Selzer, PM | 1 |
| Alberca, LN; Balcazar, D; Benitez, D; Carrillo, C; Comini, M; Fraccaroli, L; Medeiros, A; Sbaraglini, ML; Talevi, A | 1 |
| Aiello, D; Antoniou, AI; Athanassopoulos, CM; Pepe, DA; Siciliano, C | 1 |
| Ali, V; Garg, G; Singh, K | 1 |
| Campos-Estrada, C; Castro, L; Cortes, L; Díaz, MV; Kemmerling, U; Lapier, M; López-Muñoz, R; Maya, JD; Miranda, MR; Morello, A; Pereira, CA; Reigada, C; Seguel, V | 1 |
| Colotti, G; Fiorillo, A; Genovese, I; Ilari, A | 1 |
| Barrientos, L; Cáceres-Jensen, L; Hernández-Ramos, J; Rodríguez-Becerra, J | 1 |
| González-Chávez, Z; Mejia-Tlachi, M; Moreno-Sánchez, R; Rodríguez-Zavala, JS; Saavedra, E; Silva, A; Vázquez, C | 1 |
| Castanys, S; Gamarro, F; Kimura, Y; Manzano, JI; Perea, A; Ueda, K | 1 |
| González-Chávez, Z; Michels, PAM; Moreno-Sánchez, R; Saavedra, E | 1 |
| Carrillo, C; Comini, M; Talevi, A | 1 |
| Hajjaran, H; Kazemirad, E; Mohebali, M; Oshaghi, MA; Raoofian, R; Teimouri, A | 1 |
| Aguilar-Pereyra, F; Castillo-Acosta, VM; García-Caballero, D; González-Pacanowska, D; Ruiz-Pérez, LM; Vidal, AE; Yagüe-Capilla, M | 1 |
| Bader, N; Brennich, M; Diehl, E; Dirdjaja, N; Engels, B; Hellmich, UA; Klein, P; Krauth-Siegel, RL; Le, TA; Opatz, T; Paszek, D; Schindelin, H; Wagner, A; Weickhmann, AK | 1 |
| Battista, T; Bibi, A; Colotti, G; Costi, R; Di Muccio, T; Di Santo, R; Dubey, VK; Fiorillo, A; Gramiccia, M; Ilari, A; Madia, VN; Messore, A; Mocci, S; Prakash, J; Saccoliti, F; Vistoli, G; Yadav, S | 1 |
| Encalada, R; González-Chávez, Z; Manning-Cela, R; Márquez-Dueñas, C; Mejia-Tlachi, M; Michels, PAM; Moreno-Sánchez, R; Rodríguez-Enríquez, S; Saavedra, E; Vázquez, C | 1 |
| Garg, NJ; Mesías, AC; Zago, MP | 1 |
| Bogacz, M; Dick, TP; Ebersoll, S; Günter, LM; Krauth-Siegel, RL | 1 |
| González-Chávez, Z; Moreno-Sánchez, R; Saavedra, E; Vázquez, C | 1 |
| Barrera, E; Benítez, D; Carrión, F; Comini, MA; de Oliveira, CI; Ferreira, VC; Korn, RS; Kunick, C; Medeiros, A; Orban, OCF; Pantano, S; Pritsch, O | 1 |
| Costi, R; Di Santo, R; Saccoliti, F | 1 |
| Arias, D; Guerrero, S; Parodi-Talice, A; Piñeyro, MD; Robello, C | 1 |
| Abbehausen, C; Aires, RL; Fontes, JV; Miguel, DC; Oliveira, LS; Rosa, LB | 1 |
| Andrews, PC; Blair, VL; Duffin, RN; Kedzierski, L; Stephens, LJ | 1 |
34 review(s) available for trypanothione and spermidine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Molecular studies on trypanothione reductase: an antiparasitic target enzyme.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Binding Sites; Chagas Disease; Crithidia; Drug Design; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Leishmania; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidation-Reduction; Prevalence; Protein Engineering; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Trypanosoma; Trypanosoma congolense; Trypanosomiasis, African | 1992 |
Metabolism and functions of trypanothione in the Kinetoplastida.
Topics: Animals; Glutathione; Kinetoplastida; Spermidine | 1992 |
Molecular studies on trypanothione reductase, a target for antiparasitic drugs.
Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Design; Glutathione; Leishmania; Mutation; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Spermidine; Trypanosoma | 1991 |
Trypanothione metabolism and rational approaches to drug design.
Topics: Animals; Drug Design; Glutathione; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma | 1990 |
The Achilles' heel of trypanosomatids: trypanothione-mediated hydroperoxide metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Crithidia fasciculata; Drug Design; Glutathione; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; NADP; Peroxidases; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma; Trypanosomatina | 1998 |
Endogenous glutathione conjugates: occurrence and biological functions.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cells; Free Radicals; Glutathione; Humans; Spermidine; Sulfides | 1998 |
Rational drug design using trypanothione reductase as a target for anti-trypanosomal and anti-leishmanial drug leads.
Topics: Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Antiparasitic Agents; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Imipramine; Leishmaniasis; Models, Biological; Molecular Structure; Oxidoreductases; Phenothiazines; Protozoan Infections; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Species Specificity; Spermidine; Trypanosomiasis | 1999 |
Glutathione and trypanothione in parasitic hydroperoxide metabolism.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Glutathione; Humans; Kinetoplastida; Malaria; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Parasitic Diseases; Peroxidases; Peroxides; Peroxiredoxins; Protozoan Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spermidine; Thioredoxins | 1999 |
Trypanothione as a target in the design of antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial agents.
Topics: Animals; Drug Design; Glutathione; Humans; Molecular Structure; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypanosomiasis | 2001 |
The therapeutic potential of inhibitors of the trypanothione cycle.
Topics: Animals; Chagas Disease; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Humans; Leishmaniasis; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Receptors, Peptide; Spermidine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thioredoxins; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosomiasis, African | 2002 |
Enzymes of the trypanothione metabolism as targets for antitrypanosomal drug development.
Topics: Animals; Drug Design; Glutathione; Humans; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma | 2002 |
The parasite-specific trypanothione metabolism of trypanosoma and leishmania.
Topics: Animals; DNA; Glutathione; Humans; Leishmania; Metals; Molecular Sequence Data; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidation-Reduction; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Trypanosoma | 2003 |
Thiol-based redox metabolism of protozoan parasites.
Topics: Animals; Drug Design; Eukaryota; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutathione; Humans; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidation-Reduction; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Thioredoxins | 2003 |
Information-based methods in the development of antiparasitic drugs.
Topics: Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Computer Simulation; Diphosphonates; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; Models, Molecular; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Software; Spermidine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Trypanosoma | 2003 |
Targeting the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes: a promising approach to therapy of African sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease, and leishmaniasis.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase; Animals; Biogenic Polyamines; Chagas Disease; Eflornithine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Robenidine; Spermidine; Spermidine Synthase; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma brucei gambiense; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypanosomiasis, African | 2007 |
The trypanothione system.
Topics: Animals; Ascorbate Peroxidases; Cytoplasm; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Leishmania; Peroxidases; Peroxides; Peroxiredoxins; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2007 |
Drug effects on drug targets: inhibition of enzymes by neuroleptics, antimycotics, antibiotics and other drugs on human pathogenic amoebas and their anti-proliferative effects.
Topics: Amebiasis; Amoeba; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Cell Division; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; Disulfides; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Humans; Patents as Topic; Phosphofructokinases; Spermidine | 2007 |
Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Kinetoplast; Glutathione; Oxidation-Reduction; Parasites; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanosoma | 2008 |
Insights into the redox biology of Trypanosoma cruzi: Trypanothione metabolism and oxidant detoxification.
Topics: Animals; Glutathione; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2008 |
Chagas disease: progress and new perspectives.
Topics: Chagas Disease; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ergosterol; Glutathione; Humans; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Spermidine; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2010 |
Polyamine metabolism in Leishmania: from arginine to trypanothione.
Topics: Arginine; Glutathione; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Polyamines; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine | 2011 |
Targeting trypanothione metabolism in trypanosomatid human parasites.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Antioxidants; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Euglenozoa Infections; Glutathione; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Peroxides; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosomatina | 2010 |
The trypanothione system and its implications in the therapy of trypanosomatid diseases.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Animals; Drug Discovery; Euglenozoa Infections; Glutathione; Humans; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidases; Peroxiredoxins; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosomatina | 2012 |
Mono- and dithiol glutaredoxins in the trypanothione-based redox metabolism of pathogenic trypanosomes.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Conserved Sequence; Glutaredoxins; Glutathione; Humans; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Conformation; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Trypanosoma; Trypanosomiasis | 2013 |
Trypanothione: a unique bis-glutathionyl derivative in trypanosomatids.
Topics: Animals; Glutathione; Humans; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanosomatina | 2013 |
Structural insights into the enzymes of the trypanothione pathway: targets for antileishmaniasis drugs.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Antiprotozoal Agents; Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Glutathione; Gold; Humans; Leishmania; Molecular Docking Simulation; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Protozoan Proteins; Silver; Spermidine | 2013 |
Current Therapeutics, Their Problems and Thiol Metabolism as Potential Drug Targets in Leishmaniasis.
Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Glutathione; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 2016 |
Polyamine-trypanothione pathway: an update.
Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Biosynthetic Pathways; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Molecular Structure; Polyamines; Spermidine; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2017 |
Drug Target Selection for Trypanosoma cruzi Metabolism by Metabolic Control Analysis and Kinetic Modeling.
Topics: Drug Development; Enzymes; Glutathione; Glycolysis; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2019 |
The Thiol-polyamine Metabolism of Trypanosoma cruzi: Molecular Targets and Drug Repurposing Strategies.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Drug Repositioning; Glutathione; Humans; Polyamines; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2019 |
Redox Balance Keepers and Possible Cell Functions Managed by Redox Homeostasis in
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Antiparasitic Agents; Chagas Disease; Glutathione; Homeostasis; Humans; Insect Vectors; Nitrosative Stress; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Spermidine; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2019 |
Recent Advancement in the Search of Innovative Antiprotozoal Agents Targeting Trypanothione Metabolism.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Amidohydrolases; Animals; Chagas Disease; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma | 2020 |
Trypanothione Metabolism as Drug Target for Trypanosomatids.
Topics: Animals; Glutathione; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Spermidine | 2021 |
A "Golden Age" for the discovery of new antileishmanial agents: Current status of leishmanicidal gold complexes and prospective targets beyond the trypanothione system.
Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Discovery; Glutathione; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Organogold Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Spermidine | 2021 |
150 other study(ies) available for trypanothione and spermidine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Rationally designed selective inhibitors of trypanothione reductase. Phenothiazines and related tricyclics as lead structures.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Binding Sites; Drug Design; Glutathione; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Phenothiazines; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins; Spermidine; Trypanosoma cruzi | 1992 |
Effects of trypanothione on the biological activity of irradiated transforming DNA.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; DNA, Bacterial; Glutathione; Oxidation-Reduction; Radiation Tolerance; Spermidine; Transformation, Bacterial | 1992 |
Characterisation of melarsen-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei with respect to cross-resistance to other drugs and trypanothione metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Arsenicals; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Drug Resistance; Glutathione; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 1992 |
Active site of trypanothione reductase. A target for rational drug design.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Crithidia fasciculata; Crystallography; Drug Design; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Sequence Alignment; Species Specificity; Spermidine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Trypanosoma; X-Ray Diffraction | 1992 |
Engineering the substrate specificity of glutathione reductase toward that of trypanothione reduction.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; DNA Mutational Analysis; Escherichia coli; Genetic Engineering; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Spermidine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Trypanosoma | 1991 |
Redox enzyme engineering: conversion of human glutathione reductase into a trypanothione reductase.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Engineering; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Trypanosoma; X-Ray Diffraction | 1991 |
The interaction of trypanocidal drugs with polyamine and trypanothione metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Carboxy-Lyases; Crithidia; Eflornithine; Glutathione; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Polyamines; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents | 1990 |
Biosynthesis of the trypanosomatid metabolite trypanothione: purification and characterization of trypanothione synthetase from Crithidia fasciculata.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Animals; Chromatography; Crithidia; Glutathione; Kinetics; Ligases; Molecular Weight; Spermidine | 1990 |
NADPH-dependent disulphide reductases.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Catalysis; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; NADP; Plasmodium falciparum; Spermidine; Trypanosoma | 1989 |
Trypanothione is the primary target for arsenical drugs against African trypanosomes.
Topics: Animals; Arsenic Poisoning; Arsenicals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutathione; Kinetics; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 1989 |
In vivo effects of difluoromethylornithine on trypanothione and polyamine levels in bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Eflornithine; Glutathione; Male; Polyamines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 1987 |
Levels of polyamines, glutathione and glutathione-spermidine conjugates during growth of the insect trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Crithidia; Glucose; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Polyamines; Putrescine; Spermidine | 1988 |
The role of glutathionylspermidine and trypanothione in regulation of intracellular spermidine levels during growth of Crithidia fasciculata.
Topics: Animals; Crithidia; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Putrescine; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 1988 |
Trypanothione dependent peroxide metabolism in Crithidia fasciculata and Trypanosoma brucei.
Topics: Animals; Crithidia; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Peroxidases; Spermidine; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 1987 |
Hydrogen peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma brucei.
Topics: Animals; Ascorbate Peroxidases; Catalase; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Hydrogen Peroxide; NADP; Oxygen Consumption; Peroxidases; Pyruvates; Spermidine; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 1986 |
The biosynthesis of trypanothione and N1-glutathionylspermidine in Crithidia fasciculata.
Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Crithidia; Glutathione; Spermidine | 1986 |
Trypanothione: a novel bis(glutathionyl)spermidine cofactor for glutathione reductase in trypanosomatids.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Coenzymes; Crithidia; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Leishmania; Oxidation-Reduction; Spermidine; Terminology as Topic; Trypanosoma; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma cruzi | 1985 |
Trypanothione and N1-glutathionylspermidine: isolation and determination.
Topics: Animals; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disulfides; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; Glutathione; Indicators and Reagents; Microchemistry; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; NADP; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrophotometry; Spermidine; Trypanosoma | 1995 |
A microplate assay for trypanothione reductase inhibitors.
Topics: Animals; Glutathione; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Spermidine | 1994 |
The glutamyl binding site of trypanothione reductase from Crithidia fasciculata: enzyme kinetic properties of gamma-glutamyl-modified substrate analogues.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Crithidia fasciculata; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity | 1993 |
Trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi different stages.
Topics: Animals; Glutathione; Kinetics; Peroxides; Spermidine; Trypanosoma cruzi | 1993 |
Synthesis of substrate analogues for trypanothione reductase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oligopeptides; Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity | 1993 |
Simple methods for the detection and quantification of thiols from Crithidia fasciculata and for the isolation of trypanothione.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Coumarins; Crithidia fasciculata; Fluorescent Dyes; Glutathione; Kinetics; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanosoma | 1993 |
Glutathionylspermidine metabolism in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Disulfides; DNA Primers; Escherichia coli; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Glutathione Reductase; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; Oxidation-Reduction; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Recombinant Proteins; Restriction Mapping; Spermidine | 1995 |
Inhibitors of trypanothione reductase as potential antitrypanosomal drugs.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Humans; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Phenothiazines; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents | 1995 |
Characterization of Trypanosoma brucei gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of trypanothione (diglutathionylspermidine).
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Cloning, Molecular; Conserved Sequence; DNA Primers; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Genes, Protozoan; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutathione; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Sequence Data; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spermidine; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 1996 |
Trypanothione overproduction and resistance to antimonials and arsenicals in Leishmania.
Topics: Animals; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Arsenic Poisoning; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine; Drug Resistance; Glutathione; Leishmania; Models, Biological; Mutation; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spermidine | 1996 |
Reduction of dehydroascorbate by trypanothione.
Topics: Animals; Dehydroascorbic Acid; Glutathione; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanosoma cruzi | 1996 |
Glutathione and trypanothione in several strains of Trypanosoma cruzi: effect of drugs.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites; Buthionine Sulfoximine; Cycloheximide; Glutathione; Nifurtimox; Nitroimidazoles; Species Specificity; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 1996 |
Isolation and purification of glutathionyl-spermidine and trypanothione from Entamoeba histolytica.
Topics: Animals; Entamoeba histolytica; Glutathione; Spermidine; Trypanosoma | 1997 |
Characterization of the peptide substrate specificity of glutathionylspermidine synthetase from Crithidia fasciculata.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Animals; Crithidia fasciculata; Glutathione; Ligases; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity | 1997 |
Convenient isolation and kinetic mechanism of glutathionylspermidine synthetase from Crithidia fasciculata.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Amide Synthases; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Crithidia fasciculata; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Inhibitors; Escherichia coli; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoelectric Focusing; Kinetics; Ligases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Chemical; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spermidine | 1997 |
Effects of nifurtimox and benznidazole upon glutathione and trypanothione content in epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi.
Topics: Animals; Glutathione; Nifurtimox; Nitroimidazoles; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 1997 |
Catalytic characteristics of tryparedoxin.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Crithidia fasciculata; Disulfides; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Kinetics; Mass Spectrometry; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidases; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Thioredoxins | 1997 |
Efflux systems and increased trypanothione levels in arsenite-resistant Leishmania.
Topics: Animals; Arsenites; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Drug Resistance; Gene Amplification; Glutathione; Leishmania; Leishmania mexicana; Leishmania tropica; Membrane Glycoproteins; Models, Biological; Mutation; Protozoan Proteins; Species Specificity; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 1997 |
A unique cascade of oxidoreductases catalyses trypanothione-mediated peroxide metabolism in Crithidia fasciculata.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Crithidia fasciculata; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Oxidoreductases; Spermidine; Thioredoxins | 1997 |
Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cloning, Molecular; Crithidia fasciculata; Escherichia coli; Glutathione; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Protozoan Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine | 1998 |
Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Crithidia fasciculata; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Genes, Protozoan; Glutathione; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Peroxidases; Peroxides; Protozoan Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spermidine; Thioredoxins | 1998 |
Identification and characterisation of a functional peroxidoxin from Leishmania major.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Chromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; Expressed Sequence Tags; Genes, Protozoan; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Leishmania major; Molecular Sequence Data; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; NADP; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidases; Peroxides; Protozoan Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity | 1998 |
The effect of buthionine sulfoximine on the growth of Leishmania donovani in culture.
Topics: Animals; Buthionine Sulfoximine; Culture Media; Glutathione; Leishmania donovani; Methylhistidines; Oxidation-Reduction; Spermidine; Time Factors | 1999 |
Crystal structure of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase in complex with trypanothione, and the structure-based discovery of new natural product inhibitors.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dimerization; Drug Design; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glutathione; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Protein Conformation; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 1999 |
Entamoeba histolytica: a eukaryote with trypanothione metabolism instead of glutathione metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Entamoeba histolytica; Glutathione; Spermidine | 1999 |
Enzymes of parasite thiol metabolism as drug targets.
Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Leishmania; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Plasmodium; Prospective Studies; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase | 1999 |
Entamoeba histolytica lacks trypanothione metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Entamoeba histolytica; Glutathione; Leishmania donovani; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Species Specificity; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanosoma cruzi | 1999 |
Elevated levels of polyamines and trypanothione resulting from overexpression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene in arsenite-resistant Leishmania.
Topics: Animals; Arsenites; Drug Resistance; Enzyme Activation; Gene Expression; Glutathione; Leishmania; Metals; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Polyamines; Spermidine | 1999 |
Distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes mediate trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cell Compartmentation; Cytosol; Dimerization; Drug Resistance; Genes, Protozoan; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Mitochondria; Molecular Sequence Data; Peroxidases; Protein Structure, Quaternary; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spermidine; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2000 |
Amplification of the ABC transporter gene PGPA and increased trypanothione levels in potassium antimonyl tartrate (SbIII) resistant Leishmania tarentolae.
Topics: Animals; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Arsenites; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Drug Resistance; Gene Amplification; Genes, Protozoan; Glutathione; Leishmania; Membrane Glycoproteins; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine | 2000 |
Structure-activity study on the in vitro antiprotozoal activity of glutathione derivatives.
Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cell Survival; Esterification; Female; Glutathione; Humans; Leishmania donovani; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mice; Spermidine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma cruzi; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2000 |
Biochemical characterization of a trypanosome enzyme with glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Hydrogen Peroxide; Linoleic Acids; Lipid Peroxides; Molecular Sequence Data; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; tert-Butylhydroperoxide; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2000 |
New drugs for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis: research and development.
Topics: Animals; Drug Combinations; Glutathione; Humans; Spermidine; Thiadiazoles; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense; Trypanosomiasis, African | 2001 |
Trypanothione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by Trypanosoma brucei ribonucleotide reductase.
Topics: Animals; DNA; Glutathione; Protozoan Proteins; Ribonucleotide Reductases; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2001 |
Polyamine and thiol metabolism in Trypanosoma granulosum: similarities with Trypanosoma cruzi.
Topics: Animals; Biogenic Polyamines; Cadaverine; Culture Media; Eflornithine; Glutathione; Methylhistidines; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Putrescine; Spermidine; Spermine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tritium; Trypanosoma; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2001 |
Specific peptide inhibitors of trypanothione reductase with backbone structures unrelated to that of substrate: potential rational drug design lead frameworks.
Topics: Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Models, Molecular; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oligopeptides; Peptides; Spermidine; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2001 |
Structures of tryparedoxins revealing interaction with trypanothione.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Catalytic Domain; Crithidia fasciculata; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cysteine; Glutathione; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Serine; Spermidine; Thioredoxins | 2001 |
Ovothiol and trypanothione as antioxidants in trypanosomatids.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Methylhistidines; Mice; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidase; Rats; Spermidine; Trypanosomatina | 2001 |
Glutathione derivatives active against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. brucei brucei in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Glutathione; Humans; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Spermidine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2002 |
The Trypanosoma cruzi enzyme TcGPXI is a glycosomal peroxidase and can be linked to trypanothione reduction by glutathione or tryparedoxin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blotting, Western; Cloning, Molecular; Cytosol; DNA; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli; Genetic Vectors; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Hydrogen Peroxide; Immunoblotting; Kinetics; Luminescent Proteins; Microbodies; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Models, Chemical; Molecular Sequence Data; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Recombinant Proteins; RNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Signal Transduction; Spermidine; Subcellular Fractions; Thioredoxins; Time Factors; Transfection; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2002 |
Trypanothione and tryparedoxin in ribonucleotide reduction.
Topics: Animals; Glutathione; In Vitro Techniques; Oxidation-Reduction; Ribonucleotide Reductases; Ribonucleotides; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomatina | 2002 |
Overexpression of the putative thiol conjugate transporter TbMRPA causes melarsoprol resistance in Trypanosoma brucei.
Topics: Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Carrier Proteins; Drug Resistance; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutathione; Melarsoprol; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2002 |
Docking and molecular dynamics studies at trypanothione reductase and glutathione reductase active sites.
Topics: Binding Sites; Computer Simulation; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Glutathione Reductase; Ligands; Macromolecular Substances; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Solvents; Spermidine; Static Electricity | 2002 |
A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amide Synthases; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blotting, Southern; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; Catalysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cloning, Molecular; Crithidia; DNA; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Ions; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Models, Genetic; Molecular Sequence Data; Polyamines; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Time Factors; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2002 |
Ellman's-reagent-mediated regeneration of trypanothione in situ: substrate-economical microplate and time-dependent inhibition assays for trypanothione reductase.
Topics: Arsenicals; Biochemistry; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Linear Models; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Spermidine; Time Factors; Xanthenes | 2003 |
A second class of peroxidases linked to the trypanothione metabolism.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Southern; Blotting, Western; Catalysis; Chromatography, Gel; Electrons; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Molecular Sequence Data; Peroxidases; Poly A; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spermidine; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase; Thioredoxins; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2003 |
The metabolism of S-nitrosothiols in the trypanosomatids: the role of ovothiol A and trypanothione.
Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Crithidia fasciculata; Cyclic N-Oxides; Glutathione; Humans; Kinetics; Methylhistidines; Nitroso Compounds; Oxidoreductases; S-Nitrosoglutathione; Spectrum Analysis; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 2003 |
Rapid reduction of pentavalent antimony by trypanothione: potential relevance to antimonial activation.
Topics: Antimony; Antiparasitic Agents; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Spermidine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Temperature | 2003 |
Trypanosoma cruzi: effect and mode of action of nitroimidazole and nitrofuran derivatives.
Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Glutathione; Nitrofurans; Nitroimidazoles; Oxidation-Reduction; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Respiration; Spermidine; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2003 |
Thiol-induced reduction of antimony(V) into antimony(III): a comparative study with trypanothione, cysteinyl-glycine, cysteine and glutathione.
Topics: Antimony; Cysteine; Dipeptides; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Meglumine; Organometallic Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Time Factors | 2003 |
Tryparedoxins from Crithidia fasciculata and Trypanosoma brucei: photoreduction of the redox disulfide using synchrotron radiation and evidence for a conformational switch implicated in function.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Chloroplasts; Cloning, Molecular; Crithidia fasciculata; Cysteine; Disulfides; Escherichia coli; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Glutathione; Light; Models, Chemical; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Neoplasm Proteins; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidases; Peroxiredoxins; Protein Conformation; Protein Isoforms; Protein Structure, Secondary; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spermidine; Synchrotrons; Thioredoxins; Time Factors; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Tryptophan | 2003 |
Bis(glutathionyl)spermine and other novel trypanothione analogues in Trypanosoma cruzi.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutathione; Kinetics; Mass Spectrometry; Models, Chemical; Polyamines; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spermidine; Spermine; Substrate Specificity; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Time Factors; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2003 |
Biosynthesis of trypanothione in Trypanosoma brucei brucei.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Crithidia fasciculata; Escherichia coli; Glutathione; Hydrolysis; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spermidine; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypsin | 2003 |
Reduction of pentavalent antimony by trypanothione and formation of a binary and ternary complex of antimony(III) and trypanothione.
Topics: Antimony; Antiprotozoal Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine; Dithiothreitol; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spermidine | 2003 |
Gene knockdown of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase by RNAi in the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma brucei demonstrates that it is an essential enzyme.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Buthionine Sulfoximine; Cell Death; DNA, Protozoan; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutathione; RNA Interference; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2003 |
Functional and physicochemical characterization of the thioredoxin system in Trypanosoma brucei.
Topics: Animals; Catalysis; Cysteine; Electrochemistry; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2003 |
Properties of trypanothione synthetase from Trypanosoma brucei.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Amidohydrolases; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Glutathione; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2003 |
NMR studies of the interaction of tryparedoxin with redox-inactive substrate homologues.
Topics: Animals; Computer Simulation; Crithidia; Crystallography, X-Ray; Enzyme Activation; Glutathione; Models, Molecular; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Protozoan Proteins; Solutions; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Thioredoxins | 2003 |
Glyoxalase II of African trypanosomes is trypanothione-dependent.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blotting, Western; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cloning, Molecular; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutathione; Glycolysis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ions; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Mass Spectrometry; Metals; Models, Chemical; Molecular Sequence Data; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spermidine; Thiolester Hydrolases; Time Factors; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2004 |
Validation of Trypanosoma brucei trypanothione synthetase as drug target.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Buthionine Sulfoximine; Cell Survival; Down-Regulation; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oxidants; Oxidative Stress; RNA Interference; Spermidine; Suppression, Genetic; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2004 |
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new potent 5-nitrofuryl derivatives as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Studies of trypanothione binding site of trypanothione reductase as target for rational design.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design; Glutathione; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Nitrofurans; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2004 |
Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi tryparedoxin peroxidases catalytically detoxify peroxynitrite via oxidation of fast reacting thiols.
Topics: Animals; Catalysis; Cysteine; Cytosol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrons; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Macrophages; Manganese; Models, Chemical; Oxygen; Peroxidases; Peroxynitrous Acid; Porphyrins; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Temperature; Time Factors; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2004 |
Trypanothione reductase from the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica: a new drug target.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Drug Design; Entamoeba histolytica; Glutathione; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Sequence Data; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Phylogeny; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Alignment; Spermidine | 2005 |
Effects of buthionine sulfoximine nifurtimox and benznidazole upon trypanothione and metallothionein proteins in Trypanosoma cruzi.
Topics: Animals; Buthionine Sulfoximine; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutathione; Metallothionein; Nifurtimox; Nitroimidazoles; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Time Factors; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2004 |
A trypanothione-dependent glyoxalase I with a prokaryotic ancestry in Leishmania major.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Catalysis; Glutathione; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Leishmania major; Molecular Sequence Data; Pyruvaldehyde; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity | 2004 |
Trypanothione synthesis in crithidia revisited.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Amide Synthases; Amidohydrolases; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Base Sequence; Catalysis; Crithidia fasciculata; Glutathione; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Spermidine | 2005 |
Trypanothione biosynthesis in Leishmania major.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Crithidia fasciculata; DNA, Protozoan; Evolution, Molecular; Genes, Protozoan; Glutathione; Kinetics; Leishmania major; Molecular Sequence Data; Open Reading Frames; Protozoan Proteins; Pseudogenes; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spermidine; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2005 |
Expression, purification, and characterization of Leishmania donovani trypanothione reductase in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cloning, Molecular; Dimerization; Escherichia coli; Glutathione; Kinetics; Leishmania donovani; Molecular Weight; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidation-Reduction; Phylogeny; Sequence Alignment; Spermidine | 2005 |
Identification of trypanothione from the human pathogen Entamoeba histolytica by mass spectrometry and chemical analysis.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Entamoeba histolytica; Glutathione; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 2005 |
Role of the ABC transporter MRPA (PGPA) in antimony resistance in Leishmania infantum axenic and intracellular amastigotes.
Topics: Animals; Antimony; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Cell Line; Cysteine; DNA, Protozoan; Drug Resistance; Glutathione; Leishmania infantum; Membrane Glycoproteins; Microscopy, Confocal; Monocytes; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Protozoan Proteins; Ribonucleoproteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Spermidine; Transfection | 2005 |
Phenotypic analysis of trypanothione synthetase knockdown in the African trypanosome.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Animals; Cell Line; Drug Resistance; Drug Synergism; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutathione; Mutation; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenotype; Polyamines; RNA Interference; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Time Factors; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2005 |
The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Antigenic Variation; Antigens, Protozoan; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Chromosomes; Cytoskeleton; Ergosterol; Genes, Protozoan; Genome, Protozoan; Glutathione; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Transport; Protozoan Proteins; Pseudogenes; Purines; Pyrimidines; Recombination, Genetic; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomiasis, African | 2005 |
Conformational analyses and docking studies of a series of 5-nitrofuran- and 5-nitrothiophen-semicarbazone derivatives in three possible binding sites of trypanothione and glutathione reductases.
Topics: Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Hydrogen Bonding; Ligands; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Nitrofurans; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Semicarbazones; Spermidine | 2006 |
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of phosphinopeptides against Trypanosoma cruzi targeting trypanothione biosynthesis.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cell Proliferation; Drug Design; Glutathione; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Peptides; Phenyl Ethers; Phosphinic Acids; Spermidine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiocyanates; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2006 |
Specificity of the trypanothione-dependent Leishmania major glyoxalase I: structure and biochemical comparison with the human enzyme.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Crystallography; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Humans; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Leishmania major; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Conformation; Protozoan Proteins; Pyruvaldehyde; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity | 2006 |
Naegleria fowleri: a free-living highly pathogenic amoeba contains trypanothione/trypanothione reductase and glutathione/glutathione reductase systems.
Topics: Animals; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Naegleria fowleri; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spermidine; Virulence | 2006 |
Effects of polyamines on two strains of Trypanosoma brucei in infected rats and in vitro culture.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Animals; Culture Media; Eflornithine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutathione; Hematocrit; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Oxidative Stress; Polyamines; Putrescine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Spermidine; Spermine; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomiasis, African | 2006 |
Trypanothione-dependent glyoxalase I in Trypanosoma cruzi.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blotting, Western; Cations, Divalent; Cloning, Molecular; Conserved Sequence; Escherichia coli; Glutathione; Kinetics; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Metals, Heavy; Molecular Sequence Data; Pyruvaldehyde; Sequence Alignment; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2006 |
Reactions of PtII diamine anticancer complexes with trypanothione and octreotide.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Chromatography, Liquid; Glutathione; Mass Spectrometry; Octreotide; Platinum Compounds; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spermidine | 2006 |
Mitochondrial superoxide radicals mediate programmed cell death in Trypanosoma cruzi: cytoprotective action of mitochondrial iron superoxide dismutase overexpression.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cytochromes c; Cytoprotection; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutathione; Immunohistochemistry; Mitochondria; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidative Stress; Spermidine; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxides; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2007 |
Glutathionylation of trypanosomal thiol redox proteins.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cysteine; Disulfides; Glutathione; Insulin; Molecular Sequence Data; Oxidation-Reduction; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanosoma | 2007 |
Bioinorganic chemistry of bismuth and antimony: target sites of metallodrugs.
Topics: Antimony; Bismuth; Cations; Drug Design; Enzymes; Glutathione; Lactoferrin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Nucleotides; Protein Binding; Proteins; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spermidine; Time Factors; Transferrin; Urease | 2007 |
The synthesis and inhibitory activity of dethiotrypanothione and analogues against trypanothione reductase.
Topics: Animals; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Molecular Structure; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Spermidine; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2007 |
Catalysis and structural properties of Leishmania infantum glyoxalase II: trypanothione specificity and phylogeny.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutathione; Kinetics; Leishmania infantum; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Thiolester Hydrolases | 2008 |
Divergence of trypanothione-dependent tryparedoxin cascade into cytosolic and mitochondrial pathways in arsenite-resistant variants of Leishmania amazonensis.
Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Arsenites; DNA, Protozoan; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Leishmania; Molecular Sequence Data; Protozoan Proteins; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; tert-Butylhydroperoxide; Thioredoxins | 2008 |
Cytotoxic interactions of methylene blue with trypanosomatid-specific disulfide reductases and their dithiol products.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Catalysis; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Glutathione; Methylene Blue; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidation-Reduction; Reactive Oxygen Species; Spermidine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma | 2008 |
Metabolomic profiling using Orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometry with hydrophilic interaction chromatography: a method with wide applicability to analysis of biomolecules.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography; Culture Media; Culture Techniques; Fourier Analysis; Glucose; Glutathione; Life Cycle Stages; Mass Spectrometry; Phospholipids; Proline; Software; Spermidine; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2008 |
New trypanocidal hybrid compounds from the association of hydrazone moieties and benzofuroxan heterocycle.
Topics: Animals; Benzoxazoles; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Glutathione; Hydrazones; Macrophages; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2008 |
Antimony resistance and trypanothione in experimentally selected and clinical strains of Leishmania panamensis.
Topics: Animals; Antimony; Antiprotozoal Agents; Buthionine Sulfoximine; Drug Resistance; Glutathione; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Spermidine | 2008 |
Glyoxalase II does not support methylglyoxal detoxification but serves as a general trypanothione thioesterase in African trypanosomes.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Glutathione; Humans; Kinetics; Protozoan Proteins; Pyruvaldehyde; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Thiolester Hydrolases; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomiasis, African | 2009 |
ATP-dependent ligases in trypanothione biosynthesis--kinetics of catalysis and inhibition by phosphinic acid pseudopeptides.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amide Synthases; Animals; Catalysis; Crithidia fasciculata; Enzyme Inhibitors; Eukaryota; Glutathione; Kinetics; Ligases; Molecular Mimicry; Peptides; Phosphinic Acids; Spermidine | 2008 |
Two pathways for cysteine biosynthesis in Leishmania major.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Biological Transport; Biosynthetic Pathways; Blotting, Western; Catalysis; Cystathionine beta-Synthase; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase; Cysteine; Cysteine Synthase; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutathione; Kinetics; Leishmania major; Methionine; Molecular Sequence Data; Protozoan Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Serine; Serine O-Acetyltransferase; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Sulfides; Sulfur Radioisotopes | 2009 |
RNA interference-mediated silencing of ornithine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase genes in Trypanosoma brucei provides insight into regulation of polyamine biosynthesis.
Topics: Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase; Animals; Cell Line; Glutathione; Humans; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Polyamines; Protozoan Proteins; RNA Interference; Spermidine; Spermidine Synthase; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomiasis, African | 2009 |
Preparative enzymatic synthesis of trypanothione and trypanothione analogues.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Crithidia fasciculata; Disulfides; Drug Design; Glutathione; Molecular Sequence Data; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma | 2009 |
Dissecting the essentiality of the bifunctional trypanothione synthetase-amidase in Trypanosoma brucei using chemical and genetic methods.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Amidohydrolases; Animals; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Knockout Techniques; Glutathione; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Polyamines; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypanosomiasis, African | 2009 |
Molecular docking of a series of peptidomimetics in the trypanothione binding site of T. cruzi trypanothione reductase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Glutathione; Models, Molecular; Molecular Mimicry; Molecular Sequence Data; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Peptides; Protein Structure, Secondary; Spermidine; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2009 |
The gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene of Leishmania is essential and involved in response to oxidants.
Topics: Animals; Antimony; Cell Survival; Gene Deletion; Genes, Essential; Genetic Complementation Test; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutathione; Leishmania infantum; Macrophages; Oxidants; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Stress, Physiological | 2009 |
Trypanothione efficiently intercepts nitric oxide as a harmless iron complex in trypanosomatid parasites.
Topics: Animals; Chagas Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutathione; Iron; Leishmania infantum; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Nitric Oxide; Nitrogen Oxides; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomiasis, African | 2010 |
Transgenic biosynthesis of trypanothione protects Escherichia coli from radiation-induced toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; DNA Damage; DNA Primers; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Glutathione; Oxidative Stress; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spermidine; Transgenes; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2010 |
The dithiol glutaredoxins of african trypanosomes have distinct roles and are closely linked to the unique trypanothione metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Catalytic Domain; Cytochromes c; Glutaredoxins; Glutathione; Mitochondrial Membranes; Mitochondrial Proteins; Oxidation-Reduction; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2010 |
Antitumor quinol PMX464 is a cytocidal anti-trypanosomal inhibitor targeting trypanothione metabolism.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Benzothiazoles; Cysteine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutathione; Hydroquinones; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Time Factors; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomiasis | 2011 |
Deciphering molecular mechanism underlying antileishmanial activity of Nyctanthes arbortristis, an Indian medicinal plant.
Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Glutathione; India; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Leishmania infantum; Oleaceae; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Spermidine | 2011 |
A tryparedoxin-dependent peroxidase protects African trypanosomes from membrane damage.
Topics: Antioxidants; Chromans; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Linoleic Acids; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipid Peroxides; Oxidation-Reduction; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Transgenes; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomiasis, African | 2011 |
Enlightening the molecular basis of trypanothione specificity in trypanosomatids: mutagenesis of Leishmania infantum glyoxalase II.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Cloning, Molecular; Crystallography, X-Ray; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutathione; Leishmania infantum; Mass Spectrometry; Models, Structural; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis; Protein Conformation; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Thiolester Hydrolases | 2011 |
Synthesis and evaluation of substrate analogue inhibitors of trypanothione reductase.
Topics: Drug Design; Enzyme Assays; Escherichia coli; Glutathione; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Mimicry; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; NADP; Recombinant Proteins; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2012 |
Drug target validation of the trypanothione pathway enzymes through metabolic modelling.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Antioxidants; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutathione; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Protozoan Proteins; Signal Transduction; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2012 |
Discovery of factors linked to antimony resistance in Leishmania panamensis through differential proteome analysis.
Topics: Adenosylhomocysteinase; Antimony; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Gene Expression; Glutathione; Humans; Latin America; Leishmania guyanensis; Mass Spectrometry; Methionine Adenosyltransferase; Proteome; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine | 2012 |
Molecular dynamics reveal binding mode of glutathionylspermidine by trypanothione synthetase.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Computational Biology; Glutathione; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Protein Binding; Spermidine | 2013 |
Redox metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi: functional characterization of tryparedoxins revisited.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Gene Expression; Glutathione; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Disulfide Reductase (Glutathione); Reactive Oxygen Species; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2013 |
Mass spectrometry characterization of trypanothione and novel peptides of medical importance isolated from Acanthamoeba polyphaga.
Topics: Acanthamoeba; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutathione; Humans; Peptides; Protozoan Proteins; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spermidine | 2013 |
Dissecting the catalytic mechanism of Trypanosoma brucei trypanothione synthetase by kinetic analysis and computational modeling.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Amide Synthases; Amidohydrolases; Biocatalysis; Buffers; Computer Simulation; Cytosol; Enzyme Assays; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Spermidine; Substrate Specificity; Temperature; Time Factors; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2013 |
Key proteins in the polyamine-trypanothione pathway as drug targets against Trypanosoma cruzi.
Topics: Animals; Glutathione; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidation-Reduction; Polyamines; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2014 |
A quantitative proteomic screen to identify potential drug resistance mechanism in α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) resistant Leishmania donovani.
Topics: Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Drug Resistance; Eflornithine; Free Radicals; Glutathione; GTP Phosphohydrolases; Leishmania donovani; Mass Spectrometry; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Peptides; Polyamines; Protein Folding; Proteomics; Signal Transduction; Spermidine; Subcellular Fractions | 2014 |
Multi-analytical platform metabolomic approach to study miltefosine mechanism of action and resistance in Leishmania.
Topics: Arginine; Carbon; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Liquid; Drug Resistance; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutathione; Hydrodynamics; Leishmania donovani; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; Phosphorylcholine; Quality Control; Reactive Oxygen Species; Spermidine | 2014 |
Genetic and chemical analyses reveal that trypanothione synthetase but not glutathionylspermidine synthetase is essential for Leishmania infantum.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Gene Knockout Techniques; Glutathione; Leishmania infantum; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Spermidine | 2014 |
Probing the molecular mechanism of hypericin-induced parasite death provides insight into the role of spermidine beyond redox metabolism in Leishmania donovani.
Topics: Animals; Anthracenes; Antiprotozoal Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Leishmania donovani; Macrophages; Oxidation-Reduction; Perylene; Reactive Oxygen Species; Spermidine; Spermidine Synthase | 2015 |
Potent trypanocidal curcumin analogs bearing a monoenone linker motif act on trypanosoma brucei by forming an adduct with trypanothione.
Topics: Cell Survival; Curcumin; Glutathione; Humans; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2015 |
Trypanothione reductase: a target protein for a combined in vitro and in silico screening approach.
Topics: Chagas Disease; Chlorhexidine; Computer Simulation; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Protozoan Proteins; Quinacrine; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2015 |
Discovery of novel polyamine analogs with anti-protozoal activity by computer guided drug repositioning.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Antiprotozoal Agents; Chagas Disease; Computer Simulation; Drug Repositioning; Glutathione; Humans; Imidazoles; Nitroimidazoles; Polyamines; Spermidine; Thiophenes; Trypanosoma cruzi; User-Computer Interface | 2016 |
Chemoselective Protection of Glutathione in the Preparation of Bioconjugates: The Case of Trypanothione Disulfide.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Antiprotozoal Agents; Glutathione; Leishmania; Oxidative Stress; Spermidine; Stereoisomerism; Trypanosoma | 2016 |
Pentamidine antagonizes the benznidazole's effect in vitro, and lacks of synergy in vivo: Implications about the polyamine transport as an anti-Trypanosoma cruzi target.
Topics: Animals; Chagas Disease; Chlorocebus aethiops; DNA, Protozoan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutathione; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Myocardium; Nitroimidazoles; Parasitemia; Pentamidine; Putrescine; Random Allocation; Spermidine; Thymidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi; Vero Cells | 2016 |
Identification of potential trypanothione reductase inhibitors among commercially available β-carboline derivatives using chemical space, lead-like and drug-like filters, pharmacophore models and molecular docking.
Topics: Carbolines; Computer Simulation; Databases, Pharmaceutical; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Models, Molecular; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2017 |
Buthionine sulfoximine is a multitarget inhibitor of trypanothione synthesis in Trypanosoma cruzi.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Animals; Buthionine Sulfoximine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutathione; Glutathione Synthase; Humans; Kinetics; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Molecular Docking Simulation; Protozoan Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Spermidine; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2017 |
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Baculoviridae; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane; Cloning, Molecular; Gene Expression; Genetic Vectors; Glutathione; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Leishmania major; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Protozoan Proteins; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sf9 Cells; Spermidine; Spodoptera | 2018 |
Gene expression analysis of antimony resistance in Leishmania tropica using quantitative real-time PCR focused on genes involved in trypanothione metabolism and drug transport.
Topics: Antimony; Antiprotozoal Agents; Biological Transport; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance; Glutathione; Leishmania tropica; Protozoan Proteins; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spermidine; Transcriptome | 2019 |
Base excision repair plays an important role in the protection against nitric oxide- and in vivo-induced DNA damage in Trypanosoma brucei.
Topics: Animals; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; DNA, Protozoan; Female; Gene Expression; Genotype; Glutathione; Host-Parasite Interactions; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nitric Oxide; Nitrosative Stress; Parasitemia; Peroxidases; Phenotype; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomiasis; Uracil-DNA Glycosidase | 2019 |
Inhibitor-Induced Dimerization of an Essential Oxidoreductase from African Trypanosomes.
Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Multimerization; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Trypanosoma; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2019 |
Structure-guided approach to identify a novel class of anti-leishmaniasis diaryl sulfide compounds targeting the trypanothione metabolism.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Antiprotozoal Agents; Catalytic Domain; Glutathione; Humans; Leishmania infantum; Leishmaniasis; Models, Molecular; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Protozoan Proteins; Spermidine; Sulfides | 2020 |
Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and tryparedoxin 1 exert high control on the antioxidant system in Trypanosoma cruzi contributing to drug resistance and infectivity.
Topics: Amide Synthases; Antioxidants; Buthionine Sulfoximine; Cell Line; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance; Fibroblasts; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutathione; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Nitroimidazoles; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidases; Protozoan Proteins; Signal Transduction; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2019 |
A tryparedoxin-coupled biosensor reveals a mitochondrial trypanothione metabolism in trypanosomes.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Eflornithine; Glutathione; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Homeostasis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Spermidine; Thioredoxins; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2020 |
Metabolic Control Analysis for Drug Target Prioritization in Trypanosomatids.
Topics: Cell Extracts; Chagas Disease; Computer Simulation; Drug Development; Glutathione; Humans; Kinetics; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Models, Biological; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Protozoan Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma cruzi | 2020 |
Mechanistic and biological characterisation of novel
Topics: Animals; Benzazepines; Glutathione; Leishmania; Spermidine | 2020 |
The thiol-based reduction of Bi(V) and Sb(V) anti-leishmanial complexes.
Topics: Antimony; Bismuth; Coordination Complexes; Glutathione; Half-Life; Oxidation-Reduction; Spermidine; Trypanocidal Agents | 2021 |