trimethoprim--sulfamethoxazole-drug-combination and sulfamoxole--trimethoprim-drug-combination

28 children with initial episodes of urinary tract infection were treated with cotrimoxazole or cotrifamole (dose ratio 3 : 2) for 14 days in a prospective randomized double blind trial. The two groups did not differ as regards clinical signs. The efficacy and cure rates of each regimen were similar. Laboratory studies (hemoglobin, WBC, liver, and renal function) showed no differences between both groups before and after therapy; an alteration of the laboratory values could not be observed during therapy. The number of children with X-ray abnormalities of kidneys and urinary tract was similar in both groups. During an observation time of up to 12 months after the first urinary tract infection no differences in the number of reinfections and relapses were observed. As a result of this study, we recommend cotrifamole in a lower dose (ratio 2 : 3) than cotrimoxazole for the treatment of urinary tract infection.

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Male; Radiography; Random Allocation; Recurrence; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfamoxole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acetylation; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Phenotype; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfamoxole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

The pharmacokinetics of four different sulfonamides i. e., sulfamethoxazole (SMZ). Sulfamoxole (SMO), Sulfadiazine (SDZ) and Sulfadimidine (SDD) in combination with trimethoprim (TMP) were studied in 12 healthy volunteers. Plasma and urine concentrations of sulfonamides were measured at different time intervals. No significant difference was observed in the area under the plasma curve (AUC) of SMZ, SMO and SDZ, while AUC of SMO was significantly higher than SDD only. Free (unmetabolized) SDZ urinary excretion during a 10-25 h period was significantly higher than SMZ, SMO and SDD. The results suggest that SDZ alone or in combination with TMP would be more effective in urinary tract infections as compared to other sulfonamides studied.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Drug Combinations; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethazine; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfamoxole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Urinary Tract Infections

The effects on pituitary-thyroid function of the commonly prescribed anti-bacterial preparations co-trimoxazole and co-trifamole, and their component drugs, have been studied in the rat and compared to the changes caused by propylthiouracil. Co-trimoxazole and co-trifamole, in doses 20-fold in excess of a pharmacological dose administered for 10 days, produced marked changes in hormone levels consistent with blocking of hyperplastic goitre formation, were also demonstrated. Propylthiouracil produced less marked changes of thyroid hormone levels but higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Pharmacological doses of co-trimoxazole and co-trifamole and sulphamoxole, the sulphonamide component of co-trifamole, caused significant changes in thyroid hormone levels consistent with anti-thyroidal activity. In contrast, there was no evidence that trimethoprim, which is common to both preparations, or sulphamethoxazole, the sulphonamide component of co-trimoxazole, had an anti-thyroidal action, indeed, serum thyroxine levels were significantly increased at pharmacological dosage. We have concluded that the new commonly prescribed combination preparations retain the goitrogenic properties of the earlier sulphonamides.

Topics: Animals; Drug Combinations; Female; Male; Organ Size; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfamoxole; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Topics: Ampicillin; Drug Combinations; Erythromycin; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfamoxole; Tetracyclines; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination