trimethoprim--sulfamethoxazole-drug-combination and sulfadiazine--trimethoprim-drug-combination

Retinochorioditis is the most common complication of ocular toxoplasmosis and also the most dangerous one in respect of central visual acuity. New treatment concepts are increasingly replacing the therapy that had become established since the fifties and that had been based on pyrimethamine and sulphadiazine. The new concepts entail fewer complications and are better accepted by the patients. However, prospective randomised studies that are based on severe criteria could not prove for any of the employed treatment courses that it promotes healing of retinochorioditis or prevents relapses. However, if central visual acuity is endangered, drug therapy should nevertheless be initiated. In babies and in persons with immunodeficiency treatment must be in accordance with the overall pattern of symptoms.

Topics: Child; Clindamycin; Coccidiostats; Contraindications; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Humans; Spiramycin; Sulfadiazine; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Urinary Tract Infections

In a randomized double-blind study fifty-four patients suffering from acute maxillary sinusitis were treated for 10 days with daily doses of sulphadiazine/trimethoprim (1 g) and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (1.92 g), respectively. The efficacy was evaluated clinically at two follow-up visits. X-ray investigations were performed at admission and after the therapy. Of thirty-nine patients finally evaluated, thirty-seven showed a favourable result. After 6-8 days of therapy there was significant difference in cure rates in favour of sulphadiazine/trimethoprim (p less than 0.05) while the outcome as evaluated after treatment was similar for both drugs.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Middle Aged; Random Allocation; Sinusitis; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

A combination of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim (co-trimazine) has been developed specifically for the management of urinary tract infections. The pharmacokinetics of co-trimazine make it possible to use lower doses of both the sulphonamide and trimethoprim than in co-trimoxazole, while maintaining clinical efficacy. One hundred and twenty women with a urinary tract infection were randomly allocated to a five-day course of treatment with either co-trimazine (sulphadiazine 410 mg and trimethoprim 90 mg 12-hourly), co-trimoxazole (sulphamethoxazole 800 mg and trimethoprim 160 mg 12-hourly) or sulphamethizole (1 g 8-hourly). The respective cure rates were 95, 98 and 90 percent. No serious side effects of therapy were encountered. Co-trimazine proved to be an effective antibacterial combination for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethizole; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfathiazoles; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Urinary Tract Infections

Antimicrobial susceptibility test results for trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with Streptococcus equi subspecies are interpreted based on human data for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The veterinary-specific data generated in this study support a single breakpoint for testing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and/or trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with S. equi This study indicates trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as an acceptable surrogate for trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with S. equi.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Combinations; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Streptococcus equi; Sulfadiazine; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Veterinary Medicine

The pharmacokinetics of four different sulfonamides i. e., sulfamethoxazole (SMZ). Sulfamoxole (SMO), Sulfadiazine (SDZ) and Sulfadimidine (SDD) in combination with trimethoprim (TMP) were studied in 12 healthy volunteers. Plasma and urine concentrations of sulfonamides were measured at different time intervals. No significant difference was observed in the area under the plasma curve (AUC) of SMZ, SMO and SDZ, while AUC of SMO was significantly higher than SDD only. Free (unmetabolized) SDZ urinary excretion during a 10-25 h period was significantly higher than SMZ, SMO and SDD. The results suggest that SDZ alone or in combination with TMP would be more effective in urinary tract infections as compared to other sulfonamides studied.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Drug Combinations; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethazine; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfamoxole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacteria; Denmark; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

In vitro susceptibility testing correctly predicted the outcome of ampicillin therapy in all 56 urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and S intermedius), in all 26 UTI caused by Proteus mirabilis, in 38 of 44 UTI caused by Escherichia coli, in 29 of 31 UTI caused by Streptococcus spp, in 8 of 10 UTI caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, and in 16 of 20 UTI caused by other bacterial species. Thus, 173 of 187 (92.5%) isolates responded to ampicillin therapy in a manner predicted by in vitro susceptibility test results. In vitro susceptibility testing correctly predicted the outcome of therapy with trimethoprim-sulfa in 119 of 138 UTI caused by Escherichia coli, in 33 of 45 UTI caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, in 38 of 43 UTI caused by Proteus mirabilis, in 21 of 25 UTI caused by Streptococcus spp, in 9 of 11 UTI caused by coagulase-positive staphylococci, and in 19 of 21 UTI caused by other bacterial species. Thus, 239 of 283 (84%) isolates responded to trimethoprim-sulfa therapy in a manner predicted by in vitro susceptibility test results.

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Female; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prognosis; Species Specificity; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Aged; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethoxazole; Time Factors; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Topics: Drug Combinations; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pyrimidines; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfamoxole; Sulfanilamides; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination