tricin and kaempferol

Different processing methods of Chinese water chestnut (CWC; Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin. ex Hensch.) steaming with skin (WPC), cooking with skin (WPS), steaming with peeling (PS), fresh cutting (FF) and cooking with peeling (PC) were compared. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolic profiles of the processed samples. A total of 454 metabolites, including 123 flavonoids and 57 phenylpropanoids, were characterized. The flavonoid and phenylpropanoid profiles were distinguished using PCA. Eighteen flavonoids and six phenylpropanoids were detected and quantitated in the WPC and WPS samples but not in the FF, PC and PS samples. In addition to the O-hexoside of tricin, kaempferol and luteolin were the predominant flavonoids in the WPC and WPS samples, and all three compounds were higher in the WPC and WPS samples than in the FF sample. This study provides new results regarding differences in the metabolite profile of CWC processed with different methods.

Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Color; Eleocharis; Flavonoids; Food Analysis; Food-Processing Industry; Kaempferols; Luteolin; Metabolome; Phenylpropionates; Steam; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

To study the chemical constituents from Mitrasacme pygmaea.. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structure were identified by NMR and MS,and comparison spectral data with literature.. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as tricin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside( 1),massonianoid A( 2),kaempferol( 3),cinnamic acid( 4),quercetin( 5),tiliroside( 6),tricin( 7),β-sitosterol( 8),adenosine( 9),α-tocopherolquinone( 10)and β-daucosterol( 11).. All the compounds are isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Flavonoids; Kaempferols; Magnoliaceae; Quercetin; Sitosterols

Flavonoids possess diverse health-promoting benefits but are nearly absent from rice, because most of the genes encoding enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis are not expressed in rice seeds. In the present study, a transgenic rice plant producing several classes of flavonoids in seeds was developed by introducing multiple genes encoding enzymes involved in flavonoid synthesis, from phenylalanine to the target flavonoids, into rice. Rice accumulating naringenin was developed by introducing phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. Rice producing other classes of flavonoids, kaempferol, genistein, and apigenin, was developed by introducing, together with PAL and CHS, genes encoding flavonol synthase/flavanone-3-hydroxylase, isoflavone synthase, and flavone synthases, respectively. The endosperm-specific GluB-1 promoter or embryo- and aleurone-specific 18-kDa oleosin promoters were used to express these biosynthetic genes in seed. The target flavonoids of naringenin, kaempferol, genistein, and apigenin were highly accumulated in each transgenic rice, respectively. Furthermore, tricin was accumulated by introducing hydroxylase and methyltransferase, demonstrating that modification to flavonoid backbones can be also well manipulated in rice seeds. The flavonoids accumulated as both aglycones and several types of glycosides, and flavonoids in the endosperm were deposited into PB-II-type protein bodies. Therefore, these rice seeds provide an ideal platform for the production of particular flavonoids due to efficient glycosylation, the presence of appropriate organelles for flavonoid accumulation, and the small effect of endogenous enzymes on the production of flavonoids by exogenous enzymes.

Topics: Apigenin; Biosynthetic Pathways; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Genistein; Health; Humans; Kaempferols; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Oryza; Plants, Genetically Modified; Seeds

Four new apigenin derivatives, 7-de-O-methylaciculatin, 8-C-β-D-boivinopyranosylapigenin, aciculatinone, and 4'-O-glucosylaciculatin, along with eight known compounds, apigenin-8-carbaldehyde, kaempferol, tricin, taxifolin, 6,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone, trans-oxyresveratrol, aciculatin, and luteolin-7-sulfate, were isolated from an ethanolic extract of Chrysopogon aciculatis. Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Among the known compounds, the natural occurrence of apigenin-8-carbaldehyde and luteolin-7-sulfate is demonstrated for the first time. Some of the isolates were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines including MCF-7, H460, HT-29, and CEM.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apigenin; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Female; Flavonoids; HT29 Cells; Humans; Kaempferols; Molecular Structure; Poaceae; Taiwan

To study the contents of the flavonoids in the extract of Lespedeza virgate.. The constituents in the ethanol extraction of the aerial parts of Lespedeza virgate were isolated and purified using column chromatography, and the isolated compounds were identified according to their physicochemical and spectral data.. Eight flavonoids were isolated and identified as tricin (I), kaempferol (II), apigenin (III), kaempferitrin (IV), morin (V), luteolin (VI), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (VII), chrysoeriol-7-rutinoside (VIII). The compounds I, II, III, V and VI were isolated for the first time from the plant, and the compound VIII was isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Apigenin; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Kaempferols; Lespedeza; Luteolin