tram-34 and beta-glycerophosphoric-acid

In order to find new strategies for the prevention of vascular calcification in uremic individuals especially treated by dialysis and develop novel therapeutic targets in vascular calcification, we explore the role of KCa3.1 in alkalinization-induced VSMCs calcification in vitro.. Rat VSMCs calcification model was established by beta-glycerophosphate (β-GP, 10 mM) induction. The pH of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was adjusted every 24 h with 10 mM HCl or 10 mM NaHCO. The results indicated that alkalization induced an increase in Ca2+ influx to enhance VSMCs calcification. Furthermore, the increase of calcification was associated with the expression of KCa3.1 via advanced expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Blocking KCa3.1 with TRAM-34 or shRNA vector can significantly lowered the effects of calcification in the activity of ALP and Runx2 expression.. Together all, our studies suggested that alkalinization can promote vascular calcification by upregulating KCa3.1 channel and enhancing osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation by upregulating Runx2. The specific inhibitor TRAM-34 and KCa3.1-shRNA ameliorated VSMCs calcification by downregulating KCa3.1.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aorta; Calcinosis; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Glycerophosphates; Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Pyrazoles; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To observe the role of TRAM-34 (1-((2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl)-1H-pyrazole), the blocker of intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa3.1), on β-glycerophosphate induced vascular calcification in vitro.. Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) were obtained from rat thoracic aorta, and VSMCs after the fourth passage and aortic rings were divided into control group (cultured in DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum), high phosphorus group (cultured in DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum and 10% β-glycerophosphate) and TRAM-34 group(20 nmol/L TRAM-34 was added into high phosphorus DMEM). Calcium deposition of VSMCs and aortic rings were measured by o-cresolphthalein complexone method.Calcium influx of VSMCs was measured by immunofluorescence probe Fluo-3 AM.The expression of runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2)was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot for cells and immunohistochemistry for aortic rings.ALP activity was measured by alkaline phosphatase activity detection kit.. (1) Compared with control group, calcification was significantly increased in high phosphorus group ((121.67±6.17) mg/g vs. (84.38±8.17) mg/g, P<0.05) and this effect could be attenuated by TRAM-34 ((93.31±11.36) mg/g, P<0.05 vs. high phosphorus group) after 12 days culture. Similar results were found in aortic rings cultured for 12 days-high phosphorus group: (7.17±0.57) mg/g vs.. (1.18±0.13) mg/g (P<0.05) and TRAM-34: (4.71±0.42) mg/g, P<0.05 vs. high phosphorus group.(2) Compared with control group, the calcium influx was higher in high phosphorus group (349.22±40.47 vs. 151.67±16.94, P<0.05) and reduced in TRAM-34 group (194.67±22.21, P<0.05 vs. high phosphorus group) in VSMCs simulated for 4 days. (3) Both mRNA and protein expressions of Runx2 in high phosphorus groups were higher than in control group (0.630±0.033 vs.0.340±0.058 and 0.865±0.031 vs.0.414±0.011, both P<0.05) and lower in TRAM-34 group (0.399±0.023 and 0.575±0.014, both P<0.05 vs. high phosphorus group) in VSMCs simulated for 4 days.Besides, compared with high phosphorus group, the expression of Runx2 was decreased in control group(0.113±0.010 vs.0.067±0.008, P<0.05) and TRAM-34 group (0.069±0.006, P<0.05) after aortic rings were cultured for 4 days. (4) Compared with control group, the activity of ALP was significantly increased in high phosphorus group (96.56±9.84 vs.46.92±4.60, P<0.05) and decreased in TRAM-34 group(70.20±8.41, P<0.05 vs. high phosphorus group) in VSMCs simulated for 12 days.. KCa3.1 blocker TRAM-34 can inhibit β-glycerophosphate induced VSMCs and aortic ring calcification through inhibiting calcium influx, downregulating Runx2 expression and attenuating osteogenic differentiation.

Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Calcinosis; Calcium; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Glycerophosphates; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Osteogenesis; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; Pyrazoles; Rats; Vascular Calcification