thiourea and 3-hydroxybutanal

The biological and therapeutic significance of natural products is a powerful impetus for the development of efficient methods to facilitate their construction. Accordingly, and reflecting the prevalence of β-oxy-carbonyl motifs, a sophisticated arsenal of aldol-based strategies has evolved that is contingent on the generation of single enolate isomers. Since this has the potential to compromise efficiency in reagent-based paradigms, direct catalysis-based solutions would be enabling. To complement the array of substrate-based strategies, and regulate enolate geometry at the catalyst level, a direct catalytic alkylation of esters with oxyallenes has been developed. Synergizing metal hydride reactivity with Lewis base catalysis has resulted in a broad reaction scope with useful levels of stereocontrol (up to >99 % ee). Facile derivatization of these ambiphilic linchpins is demonstrated, providing access to high-value vicinal stereocenter-containing motifs, including 1,2-amino alcohols.

Topics: Aldehydes; Alkylation; Catalysis; Esters; Stereoisomerism; Thiourea

In this study, the novel bifunctional homochiral thiourea-L-prolinamides 1-4, tertiary amino-L-prolinamide 5, and bis-L-prolinamides 6 and 7 were prepared from enantiomerically pure (11R,12R)-11,12-diamino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene 8 and (11S,12S)-11,12-diamino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene ent-8. Highly enantioselective and diastereoselective aldolic intermolecular reactions (up to 95% enantiomeric excess, 93:7 anti/syn) between aliphatic ketones (20 equiv) and a range of aromatic aldehydes (1 equiv) were successfully carried out in the presence of water (10 equiv) and monochloroacetic acid (10 mol%), solvent-free conditions, at room temperature over 24 h using organocatalysts 1-7 (5 mol%). Stereoselective induction using density functional theory-based methods was consistent with the experimental data.

Topics: Acetone; Aldehydes; Catalysis; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Density Functional Theory; Ketones; Molecular Structure; Proline; Solvents; Stereoisomerism; Thiourea

A new method has been developed for the organocatalytic enantioselective benzylation and aldol-hemiacetalization of α,β-unsaturated trifluoromethyl ketones with toluene derivatives in the presence of a tertiary amine-thiourea catalyst. This method represents a facile and efficient strategy for the asymmetric synthesis of optically active 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins bearing a trifluoromethylated tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenter with high enantioselectivity. Notably, this strategy was used to synthesize several chiral trifluoromethylated analogues of typharin with high efficiency.

Topics: Aldehydes; Amines; Carbon; Catalysis; Coumarins; Crystallography, X-Ray; Isocoumarins; Ketones; Molecular Conformation; Stereoisomerism; Thiourea; Toluene

A highly efficient phospha-aldol reaction for the synthesis of α

Topics: Aldehydes; Catalysis; Indoles; Isatin; Organophosphonates; Oxindoles; Phosphines; Thiourea

A cascade aldol-cyclization reaction between 3-isothiocyanato oxindoles and α-ketophosphonates has been developed for the synthesis of β-amino-α-hydroxyphosphonate derivatives. Catalyzed by a quinine-based tertiary amino-thiourea derivative, this reaction delivers 2-thioxooxazolidinyl phosphonates based on a spirooxindole scaffold bearing two contiguous quaternary stereogenic centers in high yields with excellent diastereo- (up to >20:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to >99:1 er).

Topics: Aldehydes; Catalysis; Cyclization; Indoles; Isothiocyanates; Molecular Structure; Organophosphonates; Oxindoles; Quinine; Spiro Compounds; Stereoisomerism; Thiourea

A new method has been developed for the synthesis of chiral 4-carboxyl oxazolidinones by the catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of an isocyanatomalonate diester with an aldehyde in the presence of a thiourea catalyst. The resulting chiral 4-carboxyl oxazolidinones are the equivalent of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids bearing a tri- or tetrasubstituted carbon center at their α position. With this in mind, this procedure was successfully applied to the first total synthesis of mycestericin C, which was completed in 12 steps and represents one of the shortest reported sequences for the construction of natural products of this type.

Topics: Aldehydes; Amino Acids; Biological Products; Catalysis; Eicosanoic Acids; Molecular Structure; Oxazolidinones; Stereoisomerism; Thiourea

A highly efficient direct asymmetric aldol addition-isomerization reaction at the α-position of α,β-unsaturated γ-butyrolactam and aryl α-ketoesters by using a bifunctional thiourea catalyst was achieved. Morita-Baylis-Hillman type adducts containing a quaternary stereocenter can be obtained in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).

Topics: Aldehydes; Catalysis; Esters; Isomerism; Lactams; Thiourea

The first total synthesis of (±)-pallambins C and D has been accomplished in a linear 38 step reaction from (±)-Wieland-Miescher ketone. The key conversions are featured as follows: a Grob fragmentation-intramolecular aldol cyclization and a thiourea/palladium-catalyzed carbonylative annulation.

Topics: Aldehydes; Catalysis; Cyclization; Diterpenes; Palladium; Stereoisomerism; Thiourea

Catalytic enantio- and diastereoselective nitroaldol reactions were explored by using designed guanidine-thiourea bifunctional organocatalysts under mild and operationally simple biphasic conditions. These catalytic asymmetric reactions have a broad substrate generality with respect to the variety of aldehydes and nitroalkanes. Based on this catalytic nitroaldol process, straightforward syntheses of cytoxazone and 4-epi-cytoxazone were achieved. These catalytic nitroaldol reactions require KI as an additive for highly asymmetric induction; it operates by inhibiting the retro mode of the reaction. On the basis of studies of structure and catalytic-activity relationships, a plausible guanidine-thiourea cooperative mechanism and a transition state of the catalytic reactions are proposed. Drastic substituent effects on the catalytic properties of this catalyst may lead to the development of new chiral surfactants.

Topics: Aldehydes; Catalysis; Chromatography, Liquid; Guanidine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Thiourea