thiourea and 2-aminothiazole

Aminothiazole nuclei and their various derivatives have been long used as precursors for the synthesis of biologically active molecules. As a typical heterocyclic amine, 2-aminothiazole is a cornerstone for the synthesis of many compounds, including sulfur drugs, biocides, fungicides, various types of dyes for synthetic fibers and chemical reaction accelerators and as intermediates in the synthesis of antibiotics, where a large number of 2-aminothiazoles have been substituted with different groups for various pharmaceutical purposes, besides their activity as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel protection as well. The synthetic utility of 2-amino-4-substituted-thiazoles, their reactions and biological activities have been surveyed and are presented in this review.

Topics: Aldehydes; Amines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chromans; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Solvents; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiazoles; Thiourea

In this study, two series of compounds were designed and synthesized, bearing thiourea and benzamide derivatives at position 2 of 4-subtituted-2-aminothiazole, respectively. Then, the inhibition potency of all final compounds for cholinesterase enzymes were evaluated. Among the thiourea derivatives, 3c (IC50 = 0.33 μM) was identified as the most potent and selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor. Additionally, benzamide derivative 10e (AChE IC50 = 1.47 and BChE IC50 = 11.40 μM) was found as a dual cholinesterase inhibitor. The type of inhibition for both compounds was determined by kinetic studies and the results showed that the compounds were mixed type inhibitors. Moreover, all title compounds were investigated in terms of their antioxidant (DPHH, ORAC) and metal chelator activities. In addition, the neuroprotective effects of selected compounds (3c, 3e, 6c, 6e and 10e) against H

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Benzamides; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Kinetics; Molecular Docking Simulation; Neuroprotective Agents; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiourea

Chemical reactivity descriptors and lipophilicyty (log P) were evaluated via semi-empirical method for the quantum calculation of molecular electronic structure (PM3) in order to clarify the structure-cytotoxic activity relationships of disubstutited thioureas. Analysed compounds were obtained by the linkage of 2-aminothiazole ring, thiourea and substituted phenyl ring. The detailed examination was carried out to establish correlation between descriptors and cytotoxic activity against the MT-4 cells for 11 compounds. For the most active compounds (6 compounds) cytotoxic activity against three cancer cell lines (CCRF-CEM, WIL-2NS, CCRF-SB) and normal human cell (HaCaT) was determined. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were assessed. Regression analysis revealed that electrophilicity index and chemical potential significantly contributed to expain the thioureas cytotoxic potential.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Models, Statistical; Molecular Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiazoles; Thiourea

A series of new thiourea derivatives of 1,3-thiazole have been synthesized. All obtained compounds were tested in vitro against a number of microorganisms, including Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative rods and Candida albicans. Compounds were also tested for their in vitro tuberculostatic activity against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain, as well as two 'wild' strains isolated from tuberculosis patients. Compounds 3 and 9 showed significant inhibition against Gram-positive cocci (standard strains and hospital strain). The range of MIC values is 2-32 µg/mL. Products 3 and 9 effectively inhibited the biofilm formation of both methicillin-resistant and standard strains of S. epidermidis. The halogen atom, especially at the 3rd position of the phenyl group, is significantly important for this antimicrobial activity. Moreover, all obtained compounds resulted in cytotoxicity and antiviral activity on a large set of DNA and RNA viruses, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other several important human pathogens. Compound 4 showed activity against HIV-1 and Coxsackievirus type B5. Seven compounds resulted in cytotoxicity against MT-4 cells (CC50<10 µM).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Cattle; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cricetinae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Thiazoles; Thiourea; Vero Cells

S-Ethylisothiourea was a potent competitive inhibitor of human nitric oxide synthase (NOS), with Ki values of 17, 36, and 29 nM for the inducible (i), endothelial (e), and neuronal (n) isozymes, respectively. Unlike some potent inhibitors of NOS, no time dependence was observed. S-Ethylisothiourea was not a detectable substrate for eNOS. S-Ethylisothiourea was also a potent inhibitor of mouse iNOS (Ki value of 5.2 nM), and its binding perturbed the spectrum of iNOS consistent with its altering the environment of the bound heme. The optimum binding of S-ethyl- and S-isopropylisothiourea relative to 70 other analogs suggested that these alkyl substitutions fit into a small hydrophobic pocket. Most isothioureas were 2-6-fold selective for the human iNOS (Ki for iNOS versus Ki for eNOS), with one being 19-fold selective. The cyclized mimics of S-ethylisothiourea, 2-NH2-thiazoline, and 2-NH2-thiazole, were also competitive inhibitors of human NOS. A third structural class of inhibitors, bisisothioureas, were, in general, the most selective in their inhibition of human iNOS. S,S'-(1,3-Phenylenebis(1,2-ethanediyl))bisisothiourea was 190-fold selective (Ki value of 0.047 microM against iNOS versus 9.0 microM against eNOS). These results demonstrate that potent and selective inhibition of human NOS isozymes is achievable.

Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Animals; Arginine; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme Induction; Humans; Isoenzymes; Isothiuronium; Kinetics; Mice; Models, Chemical; Neurons; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Species Specificity; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiazoles; Thiourea

Topics: Antithyroid Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Phenylthiourea; Thiazoles; Thiourea

Topics: Antithyroid Agents; Barbital; Methylthiouracil; Thiazoles; Thiobarbiturates; Thiopental; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Animals; Oxygen Consumption; Propylthiouracil; Rats; Thiazoles; Thiouracil; Thiourea