thiophanate and closantel

Multiple resistance to albendazole, thiophanate, levamisole and orally administered invermectin was detected in an isolate of Haemonchus contortus in sheep on a farm where benzimidazole resistance had already been identified. Following a faecal egg count reduction test, this was confirmed by both critical and controlled anthelmintic tests. Different groups of sheep infected naturally or given an experimental infection with the benzimidazole-resistant isolate were treated with the recommended doses of various anthelmintics. Compared to the control group, the percentage reductions in the faecal egg counts of sheep treated with albendazole, thiophanate, levamisole and ivermectin varied between 38.2% and 79.1% and the residual worm counts between 27.3% and 57.5%. The results indicate the presence of multiple anthelmintic resistance in this isolate of H. contortus. Sheep treated with closantel showed 100% reductions in faecal egg and worm counts, indicating that this drug was very effective against the population of H. contortus on the farm.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Albendazole; Animals; Anthelmintics; Benzimidazoles; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Feces; Haemonchiasis; Haemonchus; Ivermectin; Kenya; Levamisole; Parasite Egg Count; Salicylanilides; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Thiophanate

Forty-nine sheep artificially exposed to a thiabendazole (TBZ) resistant isolate of Haemonchus contortus were assigned to 7 groups of 7 animals each and used to conduct a controlled anthelmintic trial. One group of sheep served as untreated infected controls and 6 groups were treated as follows: closantel, 5.0 mg kg-1; ivermectin, 0.2 mg kg-1; oxfendazole, 5.0 mg kg-1; thiophanate, 50 mg kg-1, levamisole, 7.5 mgkg-1 and thiabendazole, 66 mg kg-1. Eggs per gram of faeces were determined on days 21, 24 and day 34 (10 days post-treatment) after infection and all animals were necropsied for residual worm counts. The calculated efficacies of the treatments against H. contortus as indicated by worm reduction were closantel (100%), ivermectin (99.3%), oxfendazole (35.2%), thiophanate (56.7%), levamisole (98.6%) and thiabendazole (24.3%). The data therefore indicate that the TBZ-resistant isolate of H. contortus used was highly resistant to the 2 benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics, oxfendazole and thiophanate. This is the first report in Kenya of a field strain of H. contortus resistant to thiophanate.

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Benzimidazoles; Drug Resistance; Feces; Female; Haemonchiasis; Ivermectin; Levamisole; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Salicylanilides; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Thiabendazole; Thiophanate