Page last updated: 2024-08-21

thiazoles and c-peptide

thiazoles has been researched along with c-peptide in 33 studies

Research

Studies (33)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	13 (39.39)	18.2507
2000's	18 (54.55)	29.6817
2010's	2 (6.06)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Boden, G; Chaiken, RL; Eckert-Norton, M; Gelfand, RA; Lebovitz, HE; Pasmantier, R; Ryan, I	1
Beck-Nielsen, H; Berthezene, F; Boulton, AJ; Donoghue, S; Kumar, S; Lettis, S; Muggeo, M; Persson, B; Spinas, GA; Stewart-Long, P	1
Antonucci, TK; Driscoll, JH; Faja, BW; Ghazzi, MN; Huang, SM; Perez, JE; Whitcomb, RW	1
Antonucci, T; Lockwood, D; McLain, R; Norris, RM; Whitcomb, R	1
Eastmond, R; Foot, EA	1
Buchanan, TA; Burant, CF; Cline, G; Gumbiner, B; Hsueh, WA; Inzucchi, S; Kelley, D; Maggs, DG; Nolan, J; Olefsky, JM; Polonsky, KS; Shulman, GI; Silver, D; Valiquett, TR	1
Butler, PC; Eberhardt, NL; Kudva, YC; Mueske, C	1
Ghazzi, MN; Horton, ES; Venable, TC; Whitcomb, RW; Whitehouse, F	1
Fonseca, VA; Ghazzi, MN; Huang, SM; Valiquett, TR; Whitcomb, RW	1
Arai, K; Hori, M; Imano, E; Kajimoto, Y; Kanda, T; Motomura, M; Nakatani, Y; Nishida, T; Yamasaki, Y	1
Kruszynska, YT; Mulford, MI; Olefsky, JM; Yu, JG	1
Fujibayashi, K; Ishikawa, S; Itabashi, N; Kawakami, A; Kusaka, I; Nagasaka, S; Nakamura, T; Saito, T	1
Gomis, R; Jones, NP; Patwardhan, RN; Squatrito, S; Wolffenbuttel, BH	1
Deacon, LF; Jones, NP; Nolan, JJ; Patwardhan, R	1
Frias, JP; Kruszynska, YT; Olefsky, JM; Yu, JG	1
Fonseca, V; Foyt, HL; Shen, K; Whitcomb, R	1
Akazawa, S; Eguchi, K; Ito, M; Kawasaki, E; Sun, F	1
Aronoff, S; Braithwaite, S; Egan, JW; Mathisen, AL; Rosenblatt, S; Schneider, RL	1
Egan, JW; Einhorn, D; Mathisen, AL; Rendell, M; Rosenzweig, J; Schneider, RL	1
Grunberger, G; Miller, E; Patwardhan, R; Phillips, LS; Rappaport, EB; Salzman, A	1
Anderson, RJ; Patel, J; Rappaport, EB	1
Adachi, Y; Araki-Sasaki, R; Furuta, M; Gabazza, EC; Hori, Y; Katsuki, A; Murata, K; Sumida, Y; Tsuchihashi, K; Yano, Y	1
Benjasuratwong, Y; Boonyavarakul, A; Bunnag, P; Chandraprasert, S; Chanprasertyotin, S; Deerochanawong, C; Nitiyanant, W; Puavilai, G; Sriussadaporn, S; Suthijumroon, A; Suwanwalaikorn, S	1
Cusi, K; DeFronzo, RA; Ferrannini, E; Glass, L; Mahankali, A; Mahankali, S; Mandarino, LJ; Matsuda, M; Miyazaki, Y	1
Egan, JW; Kipnes, MS; Krosnick, A; Mathisen, AL; Rendell, MS; Schneider, RL	1
Glazer, NB; Miskin, B; Prince, MJ; Robertson, KE; Rosenblatt, S	1
Bell, DS; Ovalle, F	1
Avilés-Santa, ML; Raskin, P; Strowig, SM	1
Grellner, WJ; Harris, WS; Isley, WL; Klein, S; Miles, JM; Windsor, S; Wooldridge, D	1
Gaillard, T; Habash, D; Osei, K; Rhinesmith, S; Schuster, D	1
Nakamura, J	1
Alvelius, G; Astorga-Wells, J; Holmlund, A; Johansson, J; Jörnvall, H; Lind, J; Lindahl, E; Mäler, L; Melles, E; Nerelius, C	1
Arslanian, S; Bacha, F; Caprio, S; El Ghormli, L; Goland, R; Haymond, MW; Levitsky, L; Nadeau, KJ; White, NH; Willi, SM	1

Reviews

1 review(s) available for thiazoles and c-peptide

Article	Year
[Development of therapeutic agents for diabetic neuropathies]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2005, Volume: 63 Suppl 6 Topics: Aldehyde Reductase; Antioxidants; C-Peptide; Diabetic Neuropathies; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Genetic Therapy; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Hedgehog Proteins; Humans; Indoles; Maleimides; Nerve Growth Factor; Oxidative Stress; Polymers; Protein Kinase C; Rhodanine; Thiadiazoles; Thiamine; Thiazoles; Thiazolidines; Trans-Activators; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A	2005

Article

Year

[Development of therapeutic agents for diabetic neuropathies].

Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2005, Volume: 63 Suppl 6

Topics: Aldehyde Reductase; Antioxidants; C-Peptide; Diabetic Neuropathies; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Genetic Therapy; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Hedgehog Proteins; Humans; Indoles; Maleimides; Nerve Growth Factor; Oxidative Stress; Polymers; Protein Kinase C; Rhodanine; Thiadiazoles; Thiamine; Thiazoles; Thiazolidines; Trans-Activators; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

2005

Trials

27 trial(s) available for thiazoles and c-peptide

Article	Year
Metabolic effects of darglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, in NIDDM subjects. Diabetologia, 1995, Volume: 38, Issue:11 Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones	1995
Troglitazone, an insulin action enhancer, improves metabolic control in NIDDM patients. Troglitazone Study Group. Diabetologia, 1996, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Fructosamine; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Leukocyte Count; Lipoproteins, HDL; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Triglycerides; Troglitazone	1996
Cardiac and glycemic benefits of troglitazone treatment in NIDDM. The Troglitazone Study Group. Diabetes, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:3 Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Echocardiography; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Heart; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Stroke Volume; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Time Factors; Triglycerides; Troglitazone	1997
Impaired glucose tolerance is normalized by treatment with the thiazolidinedione troglitazone. Diabetes care, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Double-Blind Method; Ethnicity; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Time Factors; Triglycerides; Troglitazone	1997
Good metabolic and safety profile of troglitazone alone and following alcohol in NIDDM subjects. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 1997, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethanol; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Proinsulin; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone	1997
Metabolic effects of troglitazone monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of internal medicine, 1998, Feb-01, Volume: 128, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose; Glucose Clamp Technique; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Regression Analysis; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone	1998
Troglitazone in combination with sulfonylurea restores glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The Troglitazone Study Group. Diabetes care, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:9 Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Lipids; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Treatment Outcome; Troglitazone	1998
Troglitazone monotherapy improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, controlled study. The Troglitazone Study Group. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1998, Volume: 83, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone	1998
Effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes care, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Chromans; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Triglycerides; Troglitazone	1998
A comparison of troglitazone and metformin on insulin requirements in euglycemic intensively insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes, 1999, Volume: 48, Issue:12 Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Fructosamine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Infusion Systems; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Triglycerides; Troglitazone	1999
Addition of low-dose rosiglitazone to sulphonylurea therapy improves glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2000, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Europe; Female; Fructosamine; Gliclazide; Glipizide; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Rosiglitazone; Safety; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Triglycerides	2000
Rosiglitazone taken once daily provides effective glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2000, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Europe; Female; Fructosamine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Rosiglitazone; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Time Factors	2000
Metabolic effects of troglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetic, obese, and lean normal subjects. Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glucose; Glucose Clamp Technique; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone	2000
Long-term effects of troglitazone: open-label extension studies in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Lipids; Lipoproteins, HDL; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone	2000
Efficacy of troglitazone on body fat distribution in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:8 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Sex Characteristics; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Troglitazone; Viscera; Weight Gain	2000
Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy improves glycemic control in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study. The Pioglitazone 001 Study Group. Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Ethnicity; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Pioglitazone; Placebos; Racial Groups; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; United States	2000
Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The Pioglitazone 027 Study Group. Clinical therapeutics, 2000, Volume: 22, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Pioglitazone; Placebos; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones	2000
Once- and twice-daily dosing with rosiglitazone improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 2001, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Rosiglitazone; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Triglycerides	2001
Rosiglitazone monotherapy improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a twelve-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 1999, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fructosamine; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Rosiglitazone; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones	1999
Effects of troglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not adequately controlled by sulfonylureas. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2001, Volume: 51, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Middle Aged; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Thailand; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Time Factors; Troglitazone	2001
Improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone. Diabetes care, 2001, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose Clamp Technique; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infusions, Intravenous; Insulin; Middle Aged; Pioglitazone; Placebos; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Triglycerides	2001
Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with sulfonylurea therapy improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The American journal of medicine, 2001, Volume: 111, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Pioglitazone; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; United States	2001
The impact of pioglitazone on glycemic control and atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Coronary artery disease, 2001, Volume: 12, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Endpoint Determination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Islets of Langerhans; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Male; Middle Aged; Pioglitazone; Single-Blind Method; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Treatment Outcome; United States	2001
Clinical evidence of thiazolidinedione-induced improvement of pancreatic beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2002, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eating; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Middle Aged; Postprandial Period; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones	2002
Comparison of insulin monotherapy and combination therapy with insulin and metformin or insulin and troglitazone in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 2002, Volume: 25, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Racial Groups; Texas; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone	2002
Nocturnal and postprandial free fatty acid kinetics in normal and type 2 diabetic subjects: effects of insulin sensitization therapy. Diabetes, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Food; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Kinetics; Lipolysis; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Placebos; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone	2003
The impact of an insulin sensitizer, troglitazone, on glucose metabolism in African Americans at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, 24-month randomized study. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Black People; Blood Glucose; Body Constitution; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glucose Intolerance; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lipids; Male; Placebos; Skinfold Thickness; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone	2003

Other Studies

5 other study(ies) available for thiazoles and c-peptide

Article	Year
A novel assay in vitro of human islet amyloid polypeptide amyloidogenesis and effects of insulin secretory vesicle peptides on amyloid formation. The Biochemical journal, 1998, May-01, Volume: 331 ( Pt 3) Topics: Amyloid; Benzothiazoles; C-Peptide; Cytoplasmic Granules; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Kinetics; Microscopy, Electron; Peptide Fragments; Proinsulin; Temperature; Thiazoles	1998
Troglitazone efficacy in a subject with glucocorticoid-induced diabetes. Diabetes care, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Polymyositis; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone	1999
Troglitazone reduces plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2000, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha	2000
Oligomerization and insulin interactions of proinsulin C-peptide: Threefold relationships to properties of insulin. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2010, Jan-15, Volume: 391, Issue:3 Topics: Benzothiazoles; C-Peptide; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Insulin; Protein Stability; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Thiazoles	2010
Adiponectin, Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Racial/Ethnic Disparity in Treatment Failure Rates in TODAY. Diabetes care, 2017, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; Black People; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Ethnicity; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Health Status Disparities; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Life Style; Male; Metformin; Thiazoles; Treatment Failure; White People	2017