thapsigargin and anantin

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) may work as neuromodulators through their associated receptors [NP receptors (NPRs)]. By immunocytochemistry, we showed that NPR-A and NPR-B were expressed abundantly on both ON-type and OFF-type bipolar cells (BCs) in rat retina, including the dendrites, somata, and axon terminals. Whole-cell recordings made from isolated ON-type BCs further showed that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) suppressed GABAA receptor-, but not GABAC receptor-, mediated currents of the BCs, which was blocked by the NPR-A antagonist anantin. The NPR-C agonist c-ANF [des(Gln18, Ser19, Gln20, Leu21, Gly22)ANF(4-23)-NH2] did not suppress GABAA currents. The BNP effect on GABAA currents was abolished with preincubation with the pGC-A/B antagonist HS-142-1 but mimicked by application of 8-bromoguanosine-3',5'-cyclomonophosphate. These results suggest that elevated levels of intracellular cGMP caused by activation of NPR-A may mediate the BNP effect. Internal infusion of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor KT5823 essentially blocked the BNP-induced reduction of GABAA currents. Moreover, calcium imaging showed that BNP caused a significant elevation of intracellular calcium that could be caused by increased calcium release from intracellular stores by PKG. The BNP effect was blocked by the ryanodine receptor modulators caffeine, ryanodine, and ruthenium red but not by the IP3 receptor antagonists heparin and xestospongin-C. Furthermore, the BNP effect was abolished after application of the blocker of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase thapsigargin and greatly reduced by the calmodulin inhibitors W-7 and calmidazolium. We therefore conclude that the increased calcium release from ryanodine-sensitive calcium stores by BNP may be responsible for the BNP-caused GABAA response suppression in ON-type BCs through stimulating calmodulin.

Topics: Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Caffeine; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Calcium Signaling; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Calmodulin; Carbazoles; Cyclic GMP; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Guanylate Cyclase; Heparin; Imidazoles; Indoles; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; Macrocyclic Compounds; Male; Membrane Potentials; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Oxazoles; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Peptide Fragments; Peptides, Cyclic; Polysaccharides; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, GABA-A; Retinal Bipolar Cells; Ruthenium Red; Ryanodine; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; Thapsigargin